Iyini ingozi yokuhlinzwa futhi kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokusebenza?

-Delile

• Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokusebenza
• 1. Ukwenza ukuhlolwa komtholampilo
• 2. Ukuhlolwa kohlobo lokuhlinzwa
• 3. Ukuhlolwa kobungozi benhliziyo
• 4. Ukwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo
• 5. Ukwenza ukulungiswa kokuhlinzwa

Ubungozi bokuhlinzwa buyindlela yokuhlola isimo somtholampilo nezimo zempilo yomuntu ozohlinzwa, ukuze kutholakale ubungozi bezinkinga esikhathini sonke ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.

Kubalwa ngokuhlolwa komtholampilo kadokotela kanye nesicelo sezivivinyo ezithile, kepha, ukwenza kube lula, kukhona nezinye izinqubo eziqondisa kangcono ukucabanga kwezokwelapha, njenge-ASA, Lee ne-ACP, ngokwesibonelo.

Noma yimuphi udokotela angenza lokhu kuhlola, kepha kuvame ukwenziwa ngudokotela ojwayelekile, udokotela wenhliziyo noma owokubulala izinzwa. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuthi ukunakekelwa okuthile kuthathwe kumuntu ngamunye ngaphambi kwenqubo, njengokucela ukuhlolwa okufanelekile noma ukwelashwa ukunciphisa ubungozi.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokusebenza

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okwenziwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuchazeni kangcono ukuthi hlobo luni lokuhlinzwa umuntu ngamunye angenza noma angakwazi ukukwenza, nokunquma ukuthi izingozi zingaphezu kwezinzuzo. Ukuhlola kufaka:

1. Ukwenza ukuhlolwa komtholampilo

Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwenziwa ngokuqoqwa kwedatha kumuntu, njengemithi esetshenziswayo, izimpawu, ukugula abanakho, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa komzimba, njenge-auscultation yenhliziyo ne-pulmonary.

Kusukela ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo, kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ifomu lokuqala lokuhlukaniswa kwengozi, elenziwe yi-American Society of Anesthesiologists, eyaziwa njenge-ASA:

• UPHIKO 1: umuntu ophilile, ngaphandle kwezifo zesistimu, izifo noma umkhuhlane;
• UPHIKO 2: umuntu onesifo esisezingeni eliphansi lesifo, njengokulawulwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela esilawulwayo, ukukhuluphala, iminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka engama-80;
• UPHIKO 3: umuntu onesifo esibi kodwa esingakhubazi, njengokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, i-angina yenhliziyo, i-arrhythmia, i-cirrhosis, isifo sikashukela esinciphile noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
• UPHIKO 4: umuntu onesifo esisongela impilo esikhubaza impilo, njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo okunzima, isifo senhliziyo isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, amaphaphu, isibindi nokuhluleka kwezinso;
• UPHIKO 5: umuntu ogulela ukufa, engalindelanga ukusinda ngaphezu kwamahora angama-24, njengangemva kwengozi;
• UPHIKO 6: umuntu obhubhe ebuchosheni, ozohlinzwa ukuze anikele ngomzimba.

Ukuphakama kwenani lokuhlukaniswa kwe-ASA, kuba sengozini enkulu yokufa kanye nezinkinga ezivela ekuhlinzweni, futhi umuntu kufanele ahlole ngokucophelela ukuthi hlobo luni lokuhlinzwa olungaba lusizo futhi lube lusizo kumuntu.

2. Ukuhlolwa kohlobo lokuhlinzwa

Ukuqonda uhlobo lwenqubo yokuhlinza ezokwenziwa nakho kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukuhlinza okuyinkimbinkimbi nokudla isikhathi, kuba sengozini enkulu yokuba umuntu ahlupheke nokunakekelwa okufanele kuthathwe.

Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa zingahlukaniswa ngokobungozi bezinkinga zenhliziyo, njenge:

3. Ukuhlolwa kobungozi benhliziyo

Kunamanye ama-algorithms alinganisela kakhulu ubungozi bezinkinga nokufa ekuhlinzweni okungasetshenziswanga inhliziyo, lapho kuphenywa ngesimo somtholampilo womuntu nakwezinye izivivinyo.

Ezinye izibonelo zama-algorithm asetshenzisiwe yilezi Inkomba Yeengozi Zenhliziyo yeGoldman, Inkomba kaLee ebukeziwe Yengozi Yenhliziyo yi- I-algorithm ye- I-American College of Cardiology (ACP), Ngokwesibonelo. Ukubala ubungozi, babheka eminye imininingwane yomuntu, efana:

• Ubudala, osengozini enkulu ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala;
• Umlando we-infarction ye-myocardial;
• Umlando wezinhlungu zesifuba noma i-angina;
• Ubukhona be-arrhythmia noma ukunciphisa izitsha;
• I-oxygenation ephansi yegazi;
• Ubukhona besifo sikashukela;
• Ubukhona bokuhluleka kwenhliziyo;
• Ubukhona be-edema yamaphaphu;
• Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa.

Kusuka kudatha etholiwe, kungenzeka ukunquma ubungozi bokuhlinzwa. Ngakho-ke, uma kuphansi, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhishwe ukuhlinzwa, ngoba uma ubungozi bokuhlinzwa buphakathi nendawo kuya phezulu, udokotela anganikeza ukuholwa, alungise uhlobo lokuhlinzwa noma acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okusiza ukuhlola kangcono ingozi yomuntu yokuhlinzwa.

4. Ukwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlinzwa kufanele kwenziwe ngenhloso yokuphenya noma yiziphi izinguquko, uma kukhona ukusola, okungaholela enkingeni yokuhlinzwa. Ngakho-ke, izivivinyo ezifanayo akufanele zi-odelwe wonke umuntu, ngoba abukho ubufakazi bokuthi lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa izinkinga. Isibonelo, kubantu abangenazo izimpawu, benengozi ephansi yokuhlinzwa futhi ngubani ozohlinzwa engcupheni, akudingekile ukwenza izivivinyo.

Noma kunjalo, ezinye zezivivinyo ezivame ukucelwa nezinconyiwe yilezi:

• Ukubalwa kwegazi: abantu abahlinzwa okuphakathi noma okuyingozi kakhulu, abanomlando wokushoda kwegazi, nokusola kwamanje noma ngezifo ezingadala ushintsho kumaseli egazi;
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Coagulation: abantu abasebenzisa ama-anticoagulants, ukwehluleka kwesibindi, umlando wezifo ezibangela ukopha, ukuhlinza okuphakathi noma okuyingozi kakhulu;
• Isikali se-Creatinine: abantu abanesifo sezinso, isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sesibindi, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo;
• I-X-ray yesifuba: abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-emphysema, isifo senhliziyo, abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60, abantu abasengozini enkulu yenhliziyo, abanezifo eziningi noma abazohlinzwa esifubeni noma esiswini;
• I-Electrocardiogram: abantu abanesifo senhliziyo esisolwayo, umlando wezinhlungu esifubeni nabanesifo sikashukela.

Ngokuvamile, lezi zivivinyo zisebenza izinyanga eziyi-12, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphindaphinda ngalesi sikhathi, noma kunjalo, kwezinye izimo, udokotela angakuthola kunesidingo sokuziphinda ngaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye odokotela bangakubona kubalulekile uku-oda lezi zivivinyo ngisho nakubantu ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezisolwayo.

Ezinye izivivinyo, njengokuhlolwa kwengcindezi, i-echocardiogram noma i-holter, ngokwesibonelo, ingahle ihlelelwe ezinye izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlinzwa noma zabantu abanezifo ezisolwa ngenhliziyo.

5. Ukwenza ukulungiswa kokuhlinzwa

Ngemuva kokwenza izivivinyo nezivivinyo, udokotela angakuhlelela ukuhlinzwa, uma konke kuhamba kahle, noma anganikeza imihlahlandlela ukuze ingozi yezinkinga ekuhlinzeni inciphe ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngaleyo ndlela, angancoma ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo ezithile, ukulungisa umthamo noma ukwethula umuthi othile, ahlole isidingo sokulungiswa kokusebenza kwenhliziyo, ngokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqondisa ukwenza okuthile komzimba, ukwehlisa isisindo noma ukuyeka ukubhema, phakathi kwabanye .