Isifo sokuphefumula esibucayi (i-SARS)

Isifo sokuphefumula esibucayi (i-SARS) siyindlela ebucayi ye-pneumonia. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-SARS kubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula (ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula), futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukufa.

Lo mbhalo umayelana nokuqubuka kwe-SARS okwenzeka ngo-2003. Ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nokuqubuka kwe-coronavirus ka-2019, sicela ubheke i-Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

I-SARS idalwa yi-coronavirus ehambisana ne-SARS (SARS-CoV). Ungomunye wemindeni yama-coronavirus wamagciwane (umndeni ofanayo ongadala umkhuhlane ovamile). Ubhadane lweSARS lwaqala ngo-2003 lapho igciwane lisakazeka lisuka ezilwaneni ezincelisayo laya kubantu baseChina. Lokhu kubheduka kwafinyelela ezingeni lomhlaba ngokushesha, kodwa kwaqukethwe ngo-2003. Awekho amacala amasha akwa-SARS abikiwe kusukela ngo-2004.

Lapho umuntu one-SARS ekhwehlela noma ethimula, amaconsi athelelekile afafaza emoyeni. Ungalithola igciwane le-SARS uma uphefumula noma uthinta lezi zinhlayiya. Igciwane le-SARS lingaphila ezandleni, ezicutshini nakwezinye izindawo kuze kube ngamahora amaningana kula mathonsi. Igciwane lingakwazi ukuhlala izinyanga noma iminyaka lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kwamakhaza.

Ngenkathi ukusakazeka kwamaconsi ngokuxhumana okuseduze kudale amacala amaningi okuqala akwa-SARS, abakwaSARS bangasabalala ngezandla nangezinye izinto amaconsi athintekile. Ukudluliswa komoya kungenzeka ngempela kwezinye izimo. Igciwane elibukhoma litholakale esitokisini sabantu abane-SARS, lapho kukhonjiswe ukuthi bahlala khona kuze kube yizinsuku ezi-4.

Ngamanye ama-coronaviruses, ukutheleleka bese uphinde ugule (ukuphinda uthelele kabusha) kujwayelekile. Lokhu kungaba njalo nakuSARS.

Izimpawu zivame ukwenzeka cishe ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-10 ngemuva kokuthintana naleli gciwane. Kwezinye izimo, abakwaSARS baqale kungekudala noma ngemuva kokuxhumana okokuqala. Abantu abanezimpawu ezisebenzayo zokugula bayathathelana. Kepha akwaziwa ukuthi umuntu angathathelana isikhathi esingakanani ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpawu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Khwehlela
• Kunzima ukuphefumula
• Imfiva engu-100.4 ° F (38.0 ° C) noma ngaphezulu
• Ezinye izimpawu zokuphefumula

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukugodola nokuqhaqhazela
• Ukukhwehlela, kuvame ukuqala ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezi-7 ngemuva kwezinye izimpawu
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukukhathala

Izimpawu ezingavamile kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukukhwehlela okukhiqiza i-phlegm (isikhwehlela)
• Uhudo
• Isiyezi
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Kwabanye abantu, izimpawu zamaphaphu ziba zimbi kakhulu phakathi nesonto lesibili lokugula, noma ngabe umkhuhlane umile.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angase ezwe imisindo yamaphaphu engajwayelekile ngenkathi elalele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope. Kubantu abaningi abane-SARS, i-x-ray yesifuba noma i-chest CT show pneumonia, ejwayelekile kwa-SARS.

Izivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-SARS zingafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngemithambo yegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali egazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba noma isifuba se-CT scan
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)

Ukuhlolwa okusetshenziselwa ukukhomba ngokushesha igciwane elibanga abakwaSARS kufaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody kwa-SARS
• Ukuhlukaniswa okuqondile kwegciwane le-SARS
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ngegciwane le-SARS

Zonke izivivinyo zamanje zinemikhawulo ethile. Bangase bangakwazi ukukhomba kalula icala lakwa-SARS phakathi nesonto lokuqala lokugula, lapho kubaluleke kakhulu ukulikhomba.

Abantu okucatshangwa ukuthi bane-SARS kufanele bahlolwe ngokushesha ngumhlinzeki. Uma kusolwa ukuthi bane-SARS, kufanele bagcinwe bodwa esibhedlela.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Imithi elwa namagciwane yokwelapha amabhaktheriya adala i-pneumonia (kuze kukhishwe inyumoniya yebhaktheriya ngaphandle noma uma kukhona i-pneumonia yebhaktheriya ngaphezu kwe-SARS)
• Imithi elwa namagciwane (yize ingaziwa ukuthi isebenza kanjani kwa-SARS)
• Ukweqiwa okuphezulu kwama-steroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emaphashini (akwaziwa ukuthi asebenza kahle kanjani)
• Oxygen, ukuphefumula ukwesekwa (mechanical ventilation), noma ukwelashwa kwesifuba

Kwezinye izimo ezibucayi, ingxenye engamanzi yegazi evela kubantu asebevele balulama kwa-SARS inikezwe njengokwelapha.

Abukho ubufakazi obuqinile bokuthi lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisebenza kahle. Kunobufakazi bokuthi umuthi wamagciwane, i-ribavirin, awusebenzi.

Ekuqubukeni kwalesi sifo ngo-2003, izinga lokushona kwabakwaSARS lalingu-9% laya ku-12% walabo abatholakala. Kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65, izinga lokufa laliphezulu kunama-50%. Ukugula kwakunzima kubantu abasha.

Kubantu abadala, abantu abaningi kakhulu bagula ngokwanele ukuthi badinge usizo lokuphefumula. Futhi abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe kwakudingeka baye ezibhedlela zabagula kakhulu.

Izinqubomgomo zezempilo zomphakathi ziphumelele ekulawuleni ukuqubuka. Izizwe eziningi zinqande ubhadane emazweni azo. Wonke amazwe kufanele aqhubeke nokuqikelela ukugcina lesi sifo silawulwa. Amagciwane emndenini we-coronavirus ayaziwa ngekhono lawo lokushintsha (ukuguqula) ukuze lisabalale phakathi kwabantu.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula
• Ukuhluleka kwesibindi
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Izinkinga zezinso

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma wena noma omunye umuntu obusondelene kakhulu uno-SARS.

Njengamanje, akukho ukudluliswa kwe-SARS okwaziwayo noma kuphi emhlabeni. Uma kwenzeka ukuqubuka kwe-SARS, ukunciphisa ukuxhumana kwakho nabantu abane-SARS kwehlisa ingozi yesifo. Gwema ukuhambela izindawo lapho kukhona ukuqubuka okungalawuleki kwe-SARS. Uma kungenzeka, gwema ukuxhumana ngqo nabantu abane-SARS kuze kube okungenani izinsuku eziyi-10 ngemuva kokuphela komkhuhlane nezinye izimpawu.

• Ukuhlanzeka kwesandla yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni abakwaSARS. Geza izandla zakho noma uzihlanze nge-sanitizer yesandla esheshayo esuselwa kotshwala.
• Vala umlomo wakho namakhala lapho uthimula noma ukhwehlela. Amaconsi akhishwa lapho umuntu ethimula noma ekhwehlela ayathelelana.
• UNGABI ngokuhlanganyela ukudla, isiphuzo, noma izitsha.
• Hlanza izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa ngesibulali-magciwane esivunyelwe i-EPA.

Amaski nezibuko kungaba wusizo ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwesifo. Ungasebenzisa amagilavu ​​lapho uphatha izinto okungenzeka zithinte amaconsi anegciwane.

Abakwa-SARS; Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula - abakwa-SARS; SARS coronavirus; I-SARS-CoV

• Amaphaphu
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Isifo sokuphefumula esibucayi (SARS). www.cdc.gov/sars/index.html. Kubuyekezwe uDisemba 6, 2017. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 16, 2020.

UGerber SI, uWatson JT. Ama-coronavirus. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 342.

I-Perlman S, McIntosh K. Coronaviruses, kufaka phakathi i-acute acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) ne-Middle East syndrome yokuphefumula (MERS). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 155.