Izingozi Nezinkinga Zokuhlinzwa Okubuyiselwe Kwamadolo Okuphelele

-Delile

• Zivame kangakanani izinkinga?
• Izinkinga ezivela ku-anesthesia
• Amahlule egazi
• Ukutheleleka
• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo
• Izinkinga ezivela ekumpontshelweni
• Ukungezwani komzimba nezinto zensimbi
• Izilonda nokuphuma kwegazi
• Ukulimala kwemithambo
• Ukonakala kwemizwa noma kwemithambo yegazi
• Ukuqina kwamadolo nokulahleka kokunyakaza
• Izinkinga zokutshala
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukuhlinzwa kabusha kwamadolo manje sekuyinqubo ejwayelekile, kepha kusamele wazi ngezingozi ngaphambi kokungena egumbini lokuhlinza.

Zivame kangakanani izinkinga?

Bangaphezu kuka-600,000 abantu abahlinzwa amadolo njalo ngonyaka e-United States. Izinkinga ezinzima, njengokutheleleka, akuvamile. Zenzeka ezimweni ezingaphansi kwamaphesenti amabili amacala.

Zimbalwa izinkinga ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlala esibhedlela ngemuva kokushintshwa kwedolo.

I-Healthline ihlaziye idatha kuma-Medicare angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.5 kanye nabantu abanomshwalense wangasese ukuze babhekisise. Bathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-4.5 abantu abaneminyaka engaphansi kuka-65 babhekana nezinkinga ngenkathi besesibhedlela ngemuva kokushintshwa kwedolo.

Kwabadala asebekhulile, nokho, ingozi yezinkinga yayingaphezu kokuphindwe kabili.

• Cishe iphesenti elilodwa labantu liba nokutheleleka ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
• Bangaphansi kwamaphesenti amabili abantu aba namahlule egazi.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, umuntu angaba ne-osteolysis. Lokhu ukuvuvukala okwenzeka ngenxa yokugqoka okuncane kwepulasitiki ekufakweni kwamadolo. Ukuvuvukala kubangela ukuthi ithambo liqede futhi libe buthakathaka.

Izinkinga ezivela ku-anesthesia

Udokotela ohlinzayo angasebenzisa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile noma yendawo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Imvamisa iphephile, kepha ingaba nemiphumela emibi.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ifaka phakathi:

• ukuhlanza
• isiyezi
• ngiqhaqhazela
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• izinhlungu nezinhlungu
• ukungakhululeki
• ukozela

Eminye imiphumela engahle ifake:

• ubunzima bokuphefumula
• ukusabela okweqile
• ukulimala kwemizwa

Ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho kusengaphambili nganoma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• imishanguzo kadokotela noma yamakhasimende
• izithasiselo
• ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi
• ukusebenzisa noma izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa noma utshwala

Lokhu kungasebenzisana nemithi futhi kungaphazamisa i-anesthesia.

Amahlule egazi

Kukhona ubungozi bokuba negazi ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okufana ne-vein thrombosis (DVT) ejulile.

Uma iqhwa lihamba lingena egazini futhi lidale ukuvinjelwa emaphashini, kungahle kube nomphumela we-pulmonary embolism (PE). Lokhu kungasongela impilo.

Amahlule egazi angenzeka ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlinzwa, kepha ajwayelekile kakhulu ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwamathambo njengokufakwa kwamadolo.

Izimpawu zivame ukuvela kungakapheli amasonto ama-2 wokuhlinzwa, kepha amahlule angakheka emahoreni ambalwa noma ngenkathi kwenziwa inqubo.

Uma uba nehlwili, kungadingeka ukuthi uchithe isikhathi esengeziwe esibhedlela.

Ukuhlaziywa kweHealthline kwe-Medicare nedatha yezimangalo zokukhokha ezizimele kuthole ukuthi:

• Bangaphansi kwamaphesenti ama-3 abantu ababike i-DVT ngesikhathi behlala esibhedlela.
• Ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ama-4 abike i-DVT kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-90 zokuhlinzwa.

Amahlule akha futhi ahlala emilenzeni abeka ubungozi obuncane. Kodwa-ke, indwangu esusa futhi ihambe emzimbeni iye enhliziyweni noma emaphashini ingadala izinkinga ezinkulu.

Izinyathelo ezinganciphisa ubungozi zifaka:

• Imithi yokuncipha kwegazi. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza imithi efana ne-warfarin (Coumadin), i-heparin, i-enoxaparin (i-Lovenox), i-fondaparinux (i-Arixtra), noma i-aspirin yokwehlisa ubungozi bamahlule ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
• Amasu wokuthuthukisa ukusakazwa. Izitokisi zokusekela, ukuvivinya imilenze okuphansi, amaphampu enkonyane, noma ukuphakamisa imilenze yakho kungakhulisa ukusakazeka futhi kuvimbele amahlule ukuba akheke.

Qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngezici zakho zobungozi zamahlule ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho. Ezinye izimo, ezifana nokubhema noma ukukhuluphala, zandisa ubungozi bakho.

Uma uqaphela okulandelayo endaweni ethile yomlenze wakho, kungaba uphawu lwe-DVT:

• ububomvu
• ukuvuvukala
• ubuhlungu
• imfudumalo

Uma kwenzeka lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, kungasho ukuthi ihlwili selifinyelele emaphashini:

• ukuphefumula kanzima
• isiyezi nokuquleka
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• umkhuhlane omncane
• ukukhwehlela, okungakhipha noma okungakhiqizi igazi

Yazisa udokotela wakho ngasikhathi sinye uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zinguquko.

Izindlela zokuvimbela amahlule egazi zifaka:

• ukugcina imilenze iphakanyisiwe
• ukuthatha noma imuphi umuthi udokotela awutusayo
• ukugwema ukuhlala unganyakazi isikhathi eside

Ukutheleleka

Ukutheleleka akuvamile ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kokufakwa ngamadolo, kepha kungenzeka. Ukutheleleka kuyinkinga enkulu, futhi kudinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ngokuya ngohlaziyo lukaHealthline lweMedicare nedatha yezimangalo ezizimele, amaphesenti ayi-1.8 abike ukutheleleka kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-90 zokuhlinzwa.

Ukutheleleka kungenzeka uma amabhaktheriya engena emadolweni ngokuhlangana ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo banciphisa le ngozi ngoku:

• ukuqinisekisa imvelo oyinyumba egumbini lokuhlinza
• kusetshenziswa imishini yokuhlanza kuphela kanye nokufakelwa
• ukunquma ama-antibiotics ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, phakathi nangemva kokuhlinzwa

Izindlela zokuvimbela noma zokulawula ukutheleleka zifaka:

• ukuthatha noma yimaphi ama-antibiotic udokotela ayalela
• ukulandela yonke imiyalelo mayelana nokugcina isilonda sihlanzekile
• ukuxhumana nodokotela uma kunezimpawu zokutheleleka, njengokubomvu, ukuba buhlungu, noma ukuvuvukala okuba kubi kakhulu kunokungcono
• uqinisekise ukuthi udokotela uyazi nganoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezempilo ongahle ube nazo noma imithi oyiphuzayo

Abanye abantu bathambekele kakhulu ekungenweni yizifo njengoba amasosha abo omzimba ethikamezeka ngenxa yesimo sezokwelapha noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi abantu abanesifo sikashukela, i-HIV, labo abasebenzisa imishanguzo yokuvikela amasosha omzimba, nalabo abathatha imishanguzo kulandela ukufakelwa.

Thola kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ukutheleleka kwenzeka kanjani ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kokuguqulwa kwamadolo nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma kwenzeka.

Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo

Kujwayelekile ukuba nobuhlungu ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kepha lokhu kufanele kuthuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Odokotela banganikeza ukukhululeka kobuhlungu kuze kwenzeke lokhu.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ubuhlungu bungaphikelela. Abantu abanezinhlungu eziqhubekayo noma eziya ziba zimbi kufanele bafune izeluleko kudokotela wabo, ngoba kungahle kube nenkinga.

Inkinga ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthi abantu abayithandi indlela idolo labo elisebenza ngayo noma baqhubeka nokuba nezinhlungu noma ukuqina.

Izinkinga ezivela ekumpontshelweni

Ezimweni ezingavamile, umuntu angadinga ukumpontshelwa igazi ngemuva kwenqubo yokuguqula idolo.

Amabhange egazi e-United States ahlola lonke igazi ukuze kutholakale izifo ezingenzeka. Akufanele kube khona ubungozi bezinkinga ngenxa yokumpontshelwa.

Ezinye izibhedlela zikucela ukuthi ulondoloze igazi lakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo angakweluleka ngalokhu ngaphambi kwenqubo.

Ukungezwani komzimba nezinto zensimbi

Abanye abantu bangathola ukusabela ensimbi esetshenziswe ekuhlanganisweni kwamadolo okufakelwa.

Izimila zingaqukatha i-titanium noma i-cobalt-chromium-based alloy. Iningi labantu abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nensimbi selivele liyazi ukuthi linayo.

Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ohlinzayo ngalokhu noma yikuphi okunye ukungezwani komzimba ongaba nakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Izilonda nokuphuma kwegazi

Udokotela ohlinzayo uzosebenzisa ama-suture noma okuyisisekelo okusetshenziselwa ukuvala isilonda. Zisusa lokhu ngemuva kwamasonto angaba ngu-2.

Izinkinga ezingavela zifaka:

• Lapho isilonda siphuza ukuphola futhi ukuphuma kwegazi kuyaqhubeka izinsuku ezimbalwa.
• Lapho ama-thinner egazi, angasiza ukuvimbela amahlule, afaka isandla ezinkingeni zokopha. Udokotela ohlinzayo angahle adinge ukuvula kabusha isilonda bese ekhipha uketshezi.
• Lapho i-cyst ye-Baker ivela, lapho uketshezi lwakha ngemuva kwedolo. Uchwepheshe wezempilo angadinga ukukhipha uketshezi ngenaliti.
• Uma isikhumba singapholi kahle, ungahle udinge ukufakelwa kwesikhumba.

Ukwehlisa ubungozi bezinkinga, gada inxeba bese wazisa udokotela wakho uma lingapholi noma liqhubeka nokopha.

Ukulimala kwemithambo

Imithambo emikhulu yomlenze isemuva ngqo kwedolo. Ngalesi sizathu, kunethuba elincane kakhulu lokulimala kule mikhumbi.

Udokotela ohlinzayo wemithambo ngokuvamile angalungisa imithambo yegazi uma kukhona umonakalo.

Ukonakala kwemizwa noma kwemithambo yegazi

Abantu abangafika emaphesentini ayi-10 bangathola ukulimala kwezinzwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ungahlangabezana:

• ukuba ndikindiki
• ukwehla konyawo
• ubuthakathaka
• ukuncinza
• umuzwa ovuthayo noma ohlabayo

Uma ubona lezi zimpawu, xhumana nodokotela wakho. Ukwelashwa kuzoya ngobukhulu bomonakalo.

Ukuqina kwamadolo nokulahleka kokunyakaza

Izicubu ezibucayi noma ezinye izinkinga kwesinye isikhathi zingathinta ukunyakaza emadolweni. Ukuzivocavoca okukhethekile noma ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kungasiza ukuxazulula lokhu.

Uma kunokuqina okukhulu, lowo muntu angadinga inqubo yokulandelela ukuze aqhekeze izicubu ezibomvu noma alungise isitho sokufakelwa ngaphakathi kwedolo.

Uma ingekho enye inkinga, izindlela zokuvimbela ukuqina zihlanganisa ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo futhi utshele udokotela wakho uma ukuqina kunganciphi ngesikhathi.

Izinkinga zokutshala

Kwesinye isikhathi, kungahle kube nenkinga ngokufakwa. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Idolo lingase lingaguqi kahle.
• Ukufakwa kungakhululeka noma kungazinzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Izingxenye zokufaka zingaphuka noma ziguge.

Ngokuya ngohlaziyo lukaHealthline lweMedicare kanye nedatha yezimangalo ezizimele, amaphesenti ayi-0.7 kuphela abantu ababhekana nezinkinga zemishini ngesikhathi sabo sokuhlala esibhedlela, kepha izinkinga zisengaphakama phakathi namasonto ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Uma lezi zinkinga zenzeka, umuntu angadinga inqubo yokulandelela, noma ukubuyekeza, ukulungisa inkinga.

Ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani kungabuyekezwa ukubuyekeza zifaka phakathi:

• ukutheleleka
• ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo
• ukuqina kwamadolo

Ukuhlaziywa kwemininingwane evela kwi-Medicare kukhombisa ukuthi isilinganiso esimaphakathi sokuhlinzwa okubuyekeziwe kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-90 singamaphesenti ayi-0.2, kepha lokhu kukhuphukela kumaphesenti angama-3.7 kungakapheli izinyanga eziyi-18.

Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukugqoka nokuxegiswa kokufakwa kwesikhathi eside kuthinta amaphesenti ayi-6 abantu ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5 namaphesenti ayi-12 ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi.

Sekukonke, ngaphezu kwamalunga wokuguqula amadolo asasebenza eminyakeni engama-25 kamuva, ngokusho kwezibalo ezishicilelwe ngo-2018.

Izindlela zokunciphisa ukuguga kanye nengozi yokulimala zifaka:

• ukugcina isisindo esinempilo
• ukugwema imisebenzi enomthelela omkhulu, njengokugijima nokugxuma, ngoba lokhu kungabeka ingcindezi kujoyini

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukushintshwa kwamadolo ngokuphelele kuyinqubo ejwayelekile izinkulungwane zabantu eziyenzayo minyaka yonke. Eziningi zazo azinazinkinga.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ziyini izingozi nokuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zenkinga.

Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uthathe isinqumo unolwazi mayelana nokuthi uzoqhubeka yini. Kuzokuhlomisela futhi nokuthatha isinyathelo uma kuvela inkinga.