Ukushaqeka Kwama-Septic

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu zokushaqeka okubalulekile?
• Yini ebangela ukushaqeka okubucayi?
• Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi?
• Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukushaqeka kweseptic?
• Yiziphi izinkinga ezingahle zibangelwe ukushaqeka kwamehlo?
• Kusatshalaliswa kanjani ukushaqeka okubangwa yizinzwa?
• Umbono wesikhathi eside wokushaqeka kweseptic

Kuyini ukushaqeka okubalulekile?

I-Sepsis ingumphumela wokutheleleka, futhi idala izinguquko ezinqala emzimbeni. Kungaba yingozi kakhulu futhi kusongele impilo.

Kwenzeka lapho amakhemikhali alwa nokutheleleka ngokubangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala ekhishelwa egazini.

Odokotela bathole izigaba ezintathu ze-sepsis:

• I-Sepsis yilapho ukutheleleka kufinyelela khona egazini futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.
• I-sepsis enamandla lapho ukutheleleka kunzima ngokwanele ukuthi kungathinta ukusebenza kwezitho zakho, njengenhliziyo, ubuchopho nezinso.
• Ukushaqeka kwe-Septic kulapho uhlangabezana nokwehla okuphezulu kwengcindezi yegazi okungaholela ekuphefumuleni noma ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo, ekushayweni unhlangothi, ukwehluleka kwezinye izitho, nasekufeni.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuvuvukala okubangelwa i-sepsis kubanga amahlule amancane egazi. Lokhu kungavimbela umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ekufinyeleleni ezithweni ezibalulekile.

Ukuvuvukala kwenzeka kakhulu kubantu abadala asebekhulile noma kulabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Kepha zombili i-sepsis nokwethuka okwenzeka ngasese kungenzeka kunoma ngubani.

Ukushaqeka kwe-Septic kuyimbangela yokufa ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ezindaweni zokunakekela abagula kakhulu e-United States.

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Ziyini izimpawu zokushaqeka okubalulekile?

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-sepsis akufanele zinganakwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• umkhuhlane uvame ukuba ngaphezu kuka-101˚F (38˚C)
• izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphansi (hypothermia)
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukuphefumula okusheshayo, noma ukuphefumula okungaphezu kwama-20 ngomzuzu

I-sepsis enamandla ichazwa njenge-sepsis enobufakazi bokulimala komzimba okuvame ukuthinta izinso, inhliziyo, amaphaphu, noma ubuchopho. Izimpawu ze-sepsis ezinzima zifaka:

• umchamo ophansi kakhulu
• ukudideka okukhulu
• isiyezi
• izinkinga ezinzima ukuphefumula
• ukushintsha kombala okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwamadijithi noma izindebe (i-cyanosis)

Abantu ababhekene nokushaqeka okubangelwa i-septic bazohlangabezana nezimpawu ze-sepsis ebucayi, kepha futhi bazoba nomfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu ongaphenduli ekushintsheni oketshezi.

Yini ebangela ukushaqeka okubucayi?

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane, ukhunta, noma igciwane kungadala i-sepsis. Noma yikuphi ukutheleleka kungaqala ekhaya noma ngenkathi usesibhedlela ukwelashwa kwesinye isimo.

I-Sepsis imvamisa ivela ku:

• izifo zesisu noma zokugaya ukudla
• izifo zamaphaphu njenge-pneumonia
• ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo
• ukutheleleka kohlelo lokuzala

Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi?

Izici ezithile ezinjengobudala noma ukugula kwangaphambilini kungakubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuthola ukushaqeka okubucayi. Lesi simo sivamile ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, kubantu abadala, kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, nalabo abanamasosha omzimba acindezelwe abangelwa yi-HIV, izifo zamathambo ezifana ne-lupus ne-rheumatoid arthritis, noma i-psoriasis. Futhi izifo ezivuthayo zamathumbu noma ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungayibangela.

Izici ezilandelayo zingenza futhi kube namathuba amaningi okuthi umuntu aqale ukushaqeka okubangelwa ukugula:

• ukuhlinzwa okukhulu noma ukulaliswa esibhedlela isikhathi eside
• isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kanye nohlobo 2 lokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zomjovo
• iziguli ezibhedlela esezivele zigula kakhulu
• ukuvezwa kumadivayisi anjenge-catheters efakwa emithanjeni, ama-catheters we-urinary, noma amashubhu okuphefumula, angangenisa amabhaktheriya emzimbeni
• ukungondleki kahle

Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukushaqeka kweseptic?

Uma unezimpawu ze-sepsis, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza izivivinyo ukuthola ukuthi kude kangakanani nokutheleleka. Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lunganquma ukuthi kukhona yini kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• amagciwane egazini
• izinkinga zokujiya ngenxa yokubalwa kweplatelet okuphansi
• imfucuza eyeqile egazini
• ukusebenza kwesibindi noma kwezinso okungajwayelekile
• inani eliphansi le-oxygen
• ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte

Ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi, kunezinye izivivinyo udokotela angafuna ukuzenza ukuthola umthombo wesifo sakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukuhlolwa komchamo
• ukuhlolwa kwemfihlo yesilonda uma unendawo evulekile ebukeka inegciwane
• ukuhlolwa kwemfihlo kwe-mucus ukubona ukuthi hlobo luni lwegciwane oluyimbangela yokutheleleka
• ukuhlolwa komgogodla

Ezimweni lapho umthombo wokutheleleka ungacacile ezivivinyweni ezingenhla, udokotela angasebenzisa futhi izindlela ezilandelayo zokuthola ukubuka kwangaphakathi komzimba wakho:

• Ama-X-ray
• Iskena se-CT
• i-ultrasound
• I-MRI

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingahle zibangelwe ukushaqeka kwamehlo?

Ukushaqeka kwe-Septic kungadala izinkinga ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi kakhulu nezisongela impilo ezingabulala. Izinkinga ezingaba khona zifaka:

• ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• ukujiya kwegazi ngokungajwayelekile
• ukwehluleka kwezinso
• ukwehluleka ukuphefumula
• unhlangothi
• ukwehluleka kwesibindi
• ukulahlekelwa yingxenye yamathumbu
• ukulahleka kwezingxenye zamaphethelo

Izinkinga ongazithola, nomphumela wesimo sakho ungancika ezintweni ezinjenge:

• ubudala
• ukwelashwa kuqala kanjani ngokushesha
• imbangela nemvelaphi ye-sepsis ngaphakathi komzimba
• izimo zezokwelapha ebezikhona

Kusatshalaliswa kanjani ukushaqeka okubangwa yizinzwa?

I-sepsis yangaphambilini itholakala futhi yelashwa, maningi amathuba okuthi uphile. Lapho nje sepsis kutholakala, cishe uzongeniswa e-Intensive Care Unit (ICU) ukuze welashwe. Odokotela basebenzisa imishanguzo eminingana ukwelapha ukushaqeka okubangelwa ukumangala, okubandakanya:

• imishanguzo elwa namagciwane ukulwa nokutheleleka
• imishanguzo ye-vasopressor, okuyizidakamizwa ezithibaza imithambo yegazi nokusiza ukukhuphula umfutho wegazi
• i-insulin yokuqina koshukela wegazi
• ama-corticosteroids

Kuzohanjiswa uketshezi oluningi olufakwa emthanjeni (IV) ukwelapha ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi nokusiza ukukhuphula umfutho wegazi nokugeleza kwegazi kuya ezithweni. Umshini wokuphefumula nawo ungadingeka. Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ukuze kususwe umthombo wokutheleleka, njengokukhipha ithumba eligcwele ubomvu noma ukususa izicubu ezinesifo.

Umbono wesikhathi eside wokushaqeka kweseptic

Ukushaqeka kwe-Septic yisimo esibi, futhi amacala angaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50 azoholela ekufeni. Amathuba akho okusinda ekushayweni yisifo septic kuzoncika emthonjeni wokutheleleka, zingaki izitho ezithintekile, nokuthi uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha kangakanani ngemuva kokuqala ukuzibona.