Ukuqonda Ukugula KweSerum

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu?
• Kuyini ukusabela okufana nokugula kwe-serum?
• Kubangelwa yini?
• Kutholakala kanjani?
• Ilashwa kanjani?
• Uyini umbono?

Kuyini ukugula kwe-serum?

Ukugula kwe-Serum kuyisenzo sokuzivikela esifana nokusabela okweqile. Kwenzeka lapho ama-antigen (izinto ezibangela ukuphendula komzimba) emithini ethile nakuma-antiserum enza amasosha akho omzimba asabele.

Ama-antigen abandakanyeka ekuguleni kwe-serum angamaprotheni avela emithonjeni engeyona eyomuntu - imvamisa izilwane. Umzimba wakho wenza amaphutha la maprotheni njengayingozi, okwenza impendulo yomzimba yokuzivikela iwashabalalise. Lapho amasosha omzimba ehlangana nalawa maprotheni, ama-immune complexes (inhlanganisela yama-antigen ne-antibody) ayakheka. Lezi zinkimbinkimbi zingahlangana futhi zihlale emithanjeni yegazi encane, okuholela ezimpawu.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Ukugula kwe-serum kuvame ukukhula phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kuye emavikini amathathu wokuchayeka emithini noma ku-antiserum, kepha kungahle kukhule ngokushesha njengehora elilodwa ngemuva kokuvezwa kwabanye abantu.

Izimpawu ezintathu eziyinhloko zokugula kwe-serum zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ukuqubuka, namalunga avuvukele abuhlungu.

Ezinye izimpawu ezikhona zokugula nge-serum zifaka:

• isifuba
• ubuhlungu bemisipha nobuthakathaka
• ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezithambile
• isikhumba esikhanyayo
• isicanucanu
• isifo sohudo
• ukuqunjelwa yisisu
• ukulunywa
• ikhanda
• ukuvuvukala kobuso
• ukungaboni kahle
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ama-lymph node avuvukile

Kuyini ukusabela okufana nokugula kwe-serum?

Ukusabela okufana nokugula kwe-serum kufana kakhulu nokugula kwe-serum, kepha kubandakanya uhlobo oluhlukile lokuphendula komzimba. Kuvame kakhulu kunokugula kwangempela kwe-serum futhi kungenzeka njengokuphendula ku-cefaclor (i-antibiotic), imishanguzo yokuthithibalisa, namanye ama-antibiotic, kufaka phakathi i-penicillin.

Izimpawu zokuphendula okufana nokugula kwe-serum nazo ziqala kungakapheli isonto elilodwa kuya kwamathathu lokuchayeka emithini emisha futhi zifaka:

• ukuqubuka
• ukulunywa
• imfiva
• ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• ngizizwa ngingaphilile
• ukuvuvukala kobuso

Ukuze uhlukanise phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbili, udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokubheka ukuqubuka kwakho. Ukuqubuka okubangelwa ukusabela okufana nokugula kwe-serum kuvame ukunwaya kakhulu futhi kuqale umbala ofana nokulimala. Udokotela wakho futhi angahlola igazi lakho ukuba khona kwezakhiwo zokuzivikela ezifweni. Uma unalolu hlobo lwe-molecule egazini lakho, kungenzeka ukuthi unesifo se-serum, hhayi ukusabela okufana nokugula kwe-serum.

Kubangelwa yini?

Ukugula kweSerum kubangelwa amaprotheni angewona awabantu emithini ethile nasekwelapheni okwenziwa amaphutha emzimbeni wakho njengokuyingozi, kubangele ukusabela komzimba.

Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zemithi ebangela ukugula kwe-serum yi-antivenin. Lokhu kunikezwa abantu abalunywe yinyoka enobuthi. Ezifundweni ezinhlanu zase-U.S., Ububanzi obubikiwe bokugula kwe-serum ngemuva kokwelapha i-antivenin buphakathi kwamaphesenti ama-5 nama-23.

Ezinye izimbangela zokugula kwe-serum zifaka:

• Ukwelashwa kwe-monoclonal antibody. Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha luvame ukusebenzisa amasosha omzimba avela kumagundane nakwamanye amagundane. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezizimele, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis ne-psoriasis. Iphinde isetshenziswe kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza.
• I-anti-thymocyte globulin. Lokhu kuvame ukuqukethe ama-antibody avela konogwaja noma amahhashi. Isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukwaliwa kwesitho kubantu abasanda kufakelwa izinso.
• Umjovo wenyosi wezinyosi. Lokhu kungenye futhi kuyaphelelisa izimo zokuvuvukala nobuhlungu obungapheli.

Kutholakala kanjani?

Ukuhlonza ukugula kwe-serum, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukwazi ukuthi unaziphi izimpawu nokuthi ziqale nini. Qiniseka ukuthi ubatshela nganoma yimiphi imithi emisha obukade uyiphuza.

Uma une-rash, bangaqala ngokwenza i-biopsy, okubandakanya ukuthatha isampula elincane lezicubu kusuka ekuqubukeni bese ulibuka ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi bakhiphe ezinye izimbangela zokuqubuka kwakho.

Bangahle baqoqe nesampula segazi nesampula yomchamo ukuze bahlole izimpawu zesimo esingaphansi esingadala izimpawu zakho.

Ilashwa kanjani?

Ukugula kweSerum kuvame ukuzixazulula kukodwa uma ungasatholakali emithini ebangele ukusabela.

Okwamanje, udokotela wakho angase asikisele eminye yale mithi ukukusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho:

• izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala, ezifana ne-ibuprofen (Advil), ukunciphisa umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bamalunga, nokuvuvukala
• Ama-antihistamine okusiza ukunciphisa ukuqubuka nokushaywa
• i-steroids, efana ne-prednisone, yezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ungadinga ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma.

Uyini umbono?

Yize kungadala izimpawu ezimbi, ukugula kwe-serum kuvame ukuzihambela ngokwakho kungakapheli isonto kuye emasontweni ayisithupha. Uma usanda kuthatha imithi equkethe amaprotheni angewona awabantu futhi unezimpawu, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Bangasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi unesifo se-serum futhi bakuqale emithini yokusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho.