Okudingeka Ukwazi Nge-V / Q Mismatch

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Kusho ukuthini ukungafani kwe-V / Q
• Ukungalingani kwe-V / Q izimbangela
• Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Isifuba Somoya
• Inyumoniya
• I-bronchitis engapheli
• I-edema yamaphaphu
• Ukuvinjelwa komoya
• Embolism yamaphaphu
• Ukungahambisani kahle nobungozi be-V / Q
• Ukulinganisa isilinganiso se-V / Q
• Ukwelashwa ngokungafani kwe-V / Q
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukubuka konke

Ngokwesilinganiso se-V / Q, i-V imele umoya, okungumoya ophefumula kuwo. I-oksijini iya e-alveoli nase-carbon dioxide. I-Alveoli yizikhwama zomoya ezincane ekugcineni kwama-bronchioles akho, okuyizibhubhu zakho zomoya ezincane kakhulu.

U-Q, okwamanje, umele ukuminyaniswa, okuwukugeleza kwegazi. Igazi elingenawo amandla avela enhliziyweni yakho liya kuma-capillary we-pulmonary, okuyimithambo yegazi emincane. Ukusuka lapho, i-carbon dioxide iphuma egazini lakho nge-alveoli bese kufakwa umoya-mpilo.

Isilinganiso se-V / Q yisilinganiso somoya esifinyelela ku-alveoli yakho esihlukaniswe inani lokugeleza kwegazi kuma-capillaries emaphashini akho.

Lapho amaphaphu akho esebenza kahle, amalitha ama-4 omoya angena emgudwini wokuphefumula ngenkathi amalitha ama-5 egazi edlula kuma-capillaries akho njalo ngomzuzu ngesilinganiso se-V / Q esingu-0.8. Inombolo ephezulu noma ephansi ibizwa ngokungafani kahle kwe-V / Q.

Kusho ukuthini ukungafani kwe-V / Q

Ukungafani kwe-V / Q kwenzeka lapho ingxenye yamaphaphu akho ithola umoya-mpilo ngaphandle kokuhamba kwegazi noma ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphandle komoya-mpilo. Lokhu kwenzeka uma unomoya ophazamisekile, njengalapho uminyaniswa, noma uma unomthambo wegazi ophazamisekile, njengegazi elihlangana nephaphu lakho. Kungenzeka futhi uma isimo sezempilo sikwenza ukuthi ulethe umoya kodwa ungakhiphi umoya-mpilo, noma ungenise igazi kepha ungawuthathi umoya-mpilo.

Ukungahambi kahle kwe-V / Q kungadala i-hypoxemia, okuyizinga eliphansi le-oxygen egazini lakho. Ukungabi ne-oxygen yegazi eyanele kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kokuphefumula.

Ukungalingani kwe-V / Q izimbangela

Noma yini ethinta amandla omzimba wakho wokuletha i-oxygen eyanele egazini lakho ingadala ukungafani kwe-V / Q.

Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD)

I-COPD yisifo esingapheli sokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu esivimbela ukuhamba komoya emaphashini akho. Ithinta ngaphezu kwabantu emhlabeni wonke.

I-Emphysema ne-bronchitis engapheli yizimo ezivame kakhulu ezihambisana ne-COPD. Abantu abaningi abane-COPD banakho kokubili. Isizathu esivame kakhulu seCOPD yintuthu kagwayi. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezinamakhemikhali nakho kungadala i-COPD.

I-COPD inyusa ingozi yakho yezinye izimo ezithinta amaphaphu nenhliziyo, njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu nesifo senhliziyo.

Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukukhwehlela okungapheli
• isifuba
• ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus ngokweqile

Isifuba Somoya

Isifuba somoya yisimo esidala ukuthi umoya wakho uvuvuke futhi ube mncane. Kuyisimo esivamile esithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-13.

Ochwepheshe abaqiniseki ukuthi yini ebangela abanye abantu ukuba baphathwe yisifuba somoya, kodwa izici zemvelo kanye nezofuzo kubonakala kudlala indima. I-asthma ingadalwa yizinto eziningi, kufaka phakathi ama-allergen ajwayelekile njenge:

• impova
• isikhunta
• izifo zokuphefumula
• izinto ezingcolisa umoya, njengentuthu kagwayi

Izimpawu zingahluka kusuka komoya kuya kokubi futhi zingafaka:

• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukuqina kwesifuba
• ukukhwehlela
• isifuba

Inyumoniya

I-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okungabangelwa amagciwane, igciwane noma ukhunta. Kungadala ukuthi i-alveoli igcwale uketshezi noma ubomvu, kwenze kube nzima ngawe ukuphefumula.

Isimo singahluka kusuka kwesincane ukuya kwesinzima, kuya ngesizathu nezici ezifana nobudala bakho nempilo yonke. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, labo abanezimo zenhliziyo, kanye nabantu abanamasosha omzimba abekekile baba sengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pneumonia enamandla.

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia zifaka:

• ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukukhwehlela nge-phlegm
• umkhuhlane namakhaza

I-bronchitis engapheli

I-bronchitis ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamashubhu akho we-bronchial. Amashubhu we-bronchial athutha umoya uye nawo nasemaphashini akho.

Ngokungafani ne-bronchitis enamandla efika ngokuzumayo, i-bronchitis engapheli ikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ibangele iziqephu eziphindaphindayo ezingadlula izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka. Ukuvuvukala okungapheli kubangela ukwakheka ngokweqile kwe-mucus ezindleleni zakho zomoya, eziphikisana nokungena komoya ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamaphaphu akho futhi kuqhubeka nokuba kubi. Abantu abaningi abane-bronchitis engapheli bagcina beba ne-emphysema ne-COPD.

Izimpawu ze-bronchitis engapheli zifaka:

• ukukhwehlela okungapheli
• amafinyila aminyene, anombala
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• isifuba
• ubuhlungu besifuba

I-edema yamaphaphu

I-edema ye-Pulmonary, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukuminyana kwamaphaphu noma ukuminyana kwamaphaphu, yisimo esidalwa uketshezi oluningi emaphashini. Uketshezi kuphazamisa ikhono lomzimba wakho ukuthola i-oxygen eyanele egazini lakho.

Kuvame ukubangelwa izinkinga zenhliziyo, njengokucinana kwenhliziyo, kodwa futhi kungadalwa ukuhlukumezeka esifubeni, inyumoniya, nokuchayeka kubuthi noma ezindaweni eziphakeme.

Izimpawu zifaka:

• ukuphefumula lapho ulele okuthuthuka lapho uhlala phansi
• ukuphefumula kanzima ngokuzikhandla
• isifuba
• ukuzuza ngokushesha kwesisindo, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni
• ukukhathala

Ukuvinjelwa komoya

Ukuvinjelwa kwezindiza ukuvinjelwa kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye yendiza yakho. Kungabangelwa ukugwinya noma ukuhogela into yangaphandle, noma nge:

• i-anaphylaxis
• ukuvuvukala kwentambo yezwi
• ukuhlukumezeka noma ukulimala emoyeni
• ukuhogela intuthu
• ukuvuvukala komphimbo, amalaka, noma ulimi

Ukuvinjelwa komoya kungenza kube mnene, kuvimbe ukuhamba komoya okuthile, kube nzima ngokwanele ukudala ukuvinjelwa okuphelele, okuyisimo esiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha.

Embolism yamaphaphu

I-embolism ye-pulmonary iyi-clot yegazi emaphashini. Igazi liyavimba ukuhamba kwegazi, okungalimaza iphaphu nezinye izitho.

Zivame ukubangelwa yi-vein thrombosis ejulile, okungamahlule egazi aqala emithanjeni kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, imilenze ngokuvamile. Amahlule egazi angadalwa ukulimala noma ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi, izimo zezokwelapha, nokungasebenzi isikhathi eside.

Ukuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile yizimpawu ezivamile.

Ukungahambisani kahle nobungozi be-V / Q

Lokhu okulandelayo kwandisa ubungozi bakho ngokungafani kahle kwe-V / Q:

• ukutheleleka kokuphefumula, njenge-pneumonia
• isimo samaphaphu, njenge-COPD noma i-asthma
• isimo senhliziyo
• ukubhema
• ukuvimbela ukuphefumula kokulala

Ukulinganisa isilinganiso se-V / Q

Isilinganiso se-V / Q silinganiswa kusetshenziswa uhlolo olubizwa nge-pulmonary ventilation / perfusion scan. Kubandakanya uchungechunge lwezikena ezimbili: esisodwa ukukala ukuthi umoya ugeleza kahle kanjani emaphashini akho kanti esinye ukukhombisa lapho igazi ligeleza khona emaphashini akho.

Isivivinyo sifaka umjovo wento enemisebe ehlangana ezindaweni zokuhamba komoya okungajwayelekile noma ukugeleza kwegazi. Lokhu kuzobe sekukhombisa ezithombeni ezikhiqizwa uhlobo olukhethekile lwesithwebuli.

Ukwelashwa ngokungafani kwe-V / Q

Ukwelashwa kokungafani kwe-V / Q kuzobandakanya ukwelapha imbangela. Lokhu kungafaka:

• bronchodilators
• i-corticosteroids ehogelwe
• ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo
• i-steroids yomlomo
• ama-antibiotic
• Ukwelashwa kokuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu
• abahlinza igazi
• ukuhlinzwa

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Udinga inani elifanele le-oxygen nokugeleza kwegazi ukuze uphefumule. Noma yini ephazamisa leli bhalansi ingadala ukungafani kwe-V / Q. Ukuphefumula okuncane, noma ngabe kumnene, kufanele kuhlolwe ngudokotela. Izimbangela eziningi zokungafani kwe-V / Q zingaphathwa noma zelashwe, yize ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kubalulekile.

Uma wena noma omunye umuntu ehlangabezana nokuphefumula okungazelelwe noma okukhulu noma ubuhlungu besifuba, thola ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.