Tourette's syndrome: kuyini, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Yini ebangela lesi sifo
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ngabe kunesidingo sokuthi ingane iyeke isikole?

Isifo i-Tourette's syndrome yisifo semizwa esidala ukuthi umuntu enze izinto ngokuxhamazela, eziphindaphindayo neziphindaphindwayo, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-tics, ezingathiya ukuhlangana nabantu futhi zenze izinga lempilo lomuntu libe nzima kakhulu, ngenxa yezimo ezihlazo.

I-Tourette syndrome tics ivame ukuvela phakathi kweminyaka engu-5 nengu-7 ubudala, kepha ijwayele ukwanda ngamandla phakathi kweminyaka eyi-8 nengu-12 ubudala, kuqala ngokunyakaza okulula, njengokucwayiza amehlo akho noma ukuhambisa izandla nezingalo, okuye kube kubi kakhulu, kuphindaphinde amagama avela, ukunyakaza okungazelelwe nemisindo njengokukhonkotha, ukukhononda, ukumemeza noma ukuthuka, isibonelo.

Abanye abantu bayakwazi ukucindezela ama-tics ngezikhathi zezenhlalo, kepha abanye bakuthola kunzima ukubalawula, ikakhulukazi uma bedlula esikhathini sokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, okungenza impilo yabo yesikole neyomsebenzi ibenzima. Kwezinye izimo, ama-tics angathuthuka futhi aze anyamalale ngemuva kokuthomba, kepha kokunye, lawa ma-tics angagcinwa ngesikhathi sokukhula.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu zesifo sikaTourette's zivame ukubonwa ekuqaleni ngothisha, abaqaphela ukuthi ingane iqala ukwenza isimanga ekilasini.

Ezinye zalezi zimpawu nezimpawu zingaba:

Izimoto

• Ukucwayiza kweso;
• Nyakazisa ikhanda lakho;
• Shrug amahlombe akho;
• Thinta ikhala;
• Yenza ubuso;
• Hambisa iminwe yakho;
• Yenza ukushukuma komzimba okuyihlazo;
• Ukukhahlela;
• Ukuxhawula intamo;
• Shaya isifuba.

I-Vocal tics

• Ukuthuka inhlamba;
• Isikhubekiso;
• Memeza;
• Ukukhafula;
• Ukukhomba;
• Ukububula;
• Hewula;
• Sula umphimbo;
• Phinda amagama noma imishwana;
• Sebenzisa amathoni ahlukene wezwi.

Lezi zimpawu zivela kaninginingi futhi kunzima ukuzilawula, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, zingakhula zibe ama-tics ahlukene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuvamile, ama-tics avela ebuntwaneni kepha angavela okokuqala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-21.

Ama-Tics nawo ajwayele ukunyamalala lapho umuntu elele, nokusetshenziswa kweziphuzo ezidakayo noma emsebenzini odinga ukugxila okukhulu futhi kube kubi kakhulu lapho ubhekene nezimo zokuxineka, ukukhathala, ukukhathazeka nenjabulo.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuze uhlolisise lesi sifo, udokotela kungadingeka ukuthi abheke iphethini yokunyakaza, okuvame ukwenzeka kaningana ngosuku futhi cishe nsuku zonke okungenani unyaka owodwa.

Azikho izivivinyo ezithile ezidingekayo ukukhomba lesi sifo, kepha kwezinye izimo, udokotela wezinzwa anga-oda i-magnetic resonance imaging noma i-computed tomography, ngokwesibonelo, ukubheka ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kube khona esinye isifo sezinzwa esinezimpawu ezifanayo.

Yini ebangela lesi sifo

I-Tourette's syndrome yisifo sofuzo, esivame kakhulu kubantu bomndeni owodwa futhi akwaziwa kahle ukuthi iyini imbangela yayo. Kunemibiko yomuntu otholwe ngemuva kokulimala ekhanda, kepha ukutheleleka nezinkinga zenhliziyo nakho kuvame kakhulu emndenini ofanayo. Iziguli ezingaphezu kuka-40% nazo zinezimpawu zokuphazamiseka ngokweqile noma ukungasebenzi ngokweqile.

Yelashwa kanjani

I-Tourette's syndrome ayinalo ikhambi, kodwa ingalawulwa ngokwelashwa okufanele. Ukwelashwa kufanele kuqondiswe yi-neurologist futhi imvamisa kuqala kuphela lapho izimpawu zesifo zithinta imisebenzi yansuku zonke noma zibeka impilo yomuntu engcupheni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukwelashwa kungenziwa nge:

• I-Topiramate: kungumuthi osiza ukulawula ama-tics amancane noma alinganiselayo, lapho kunokukhuluphala okuhambisanayo;
• Ama-antipsychotic okujwayelekile, njenge-haloperidol noma i-pimozide; noma i-atypical, njenge-aripiprazole, i-ziprasidone noma i-risperidone;
• Imijovo ye-Botox: zisetshenziswa kuma-motor tics ukukhubaza imisipha ethintekile ukunyakaza, ukunciphisa ukubukeka kwe-tics;
• Amakhambi we-Adrenergic inhibitor: njenge-Clonidine noma i-Guanfacina, esiza ukulawula izimpawu zokuziphatha njengokungacabangi nokuhlaselwa ngentukuthelo, isibonelo.

Yize kunamakhambi amaningi angakhonjiswa ekwelapheni i-Tourette's syndrome, akuwona wonke amacala adinga ukwelashwa ngemithi. Okufanelekile, kufanele uhlale uthintana nodokotela bengqondo noma udokotela wezifo zengqondo ukuthola ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu, okungafaka kuphela ukwelashwa kwengqondo noma izikhathi zokwelashwa kokuziphatha, isibonelo.

Ngabe kunesidingo sokuthi ingane iyeke isikole?

Ingane etholwe ine-Tourette's Syndrome ayidingi ukuyeka ukufunda, ngoba inamandla onke okufunda, njengabo bonke abanye abangenayo le syndrome. Ingane ingaqhubeka nokufunda esikoleni esijwayelekile, ngaphandle kwesidingo semfundo ekhethekile, kepha umuntu kufanele akhulume nothisha, abaxhumanisi nothishanhloko ngenkinga yezempilo yengane ukuze bakwazi ukusiza ekukhuleni kwabo ngendlela enhle.

Ukugcina othisha nabantu ofunda nabo benolwazi olufanele mayelana nezimpawu nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo kusiza ingane ukuthi iqondwe kangcono, igweme ukuzihlukanisa okungaholela ekucindezelekeni. Amakhambi angasiza ukusiza ukulawula ama-tics, kepha izikhathi zokwelashwa kwengqondo nazo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa, ngoba ingane iyazi ngenkinga yayo yezempilo futhi ayikwazi ukuyilawula ngokuphelele, imvamisa izizwa inecala futhi inganele.