Isistimu yenhliziyo: I-Anatomy, i-physiology nezifo

-Delile

• I-anatomy yesistimu yenhliziyo
• 1. Inhliziyo
• 2. Imithambo yegazi nemithambo
• I-Physiology yesistimu yenhliziyo
• Izifo ezingaba khona ezingavela

Isistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi isethi ehlanganisa inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi futhi inesibopho sokuletha igazi elinothe nge-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide ephansi kuzo zonke izitho zomzimba, okuzivumela ukuthi zisebenze kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye umsebenzi obalulekile walolu hlelo ukubuyisa igazi elivela emzimbeni wonke, elinomoya-mpilo omncane futhi elidinga ukudlula emaphashini futhi ukuze kwenziwe ukushintshana kwegesi.

I-anatomy yesistimu yenhliziyo

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu yenhliziyo yilezi:

1. Inhliziyo

Inhliziyo iyisitho esiyinhloko sohlelo lwezinhliziyo futhi ibonakala ngemisipha engenalutho, etholakala maphakathi nesifuba, esebenza njengephampu. Ihlukaniswe ngamakamelo amane:

• Ama-atria amabili: lapho igazi lifika enhliziyweni lisuka emaphashini nge-atrium yesobunxele noma emzimbeni nge-atrium yangakwesokudla;
• Ama-ventricles amabili: yilapho igazi liya khona emaphashini noma kuwo wonke umzimba.

Uhlangothi lwangakwesokudla lwenhliziyo luthola igazi elicebile nge-carbon dioxide, elaziwa nangokuthi igazi eliyingozi, futhi liyise emaphashini, lapho lithola khona umoya-mpilo. Kusuka emaphashini, igazi ligeleza liye e-atrium engakwesobunxele futhi lisuke lapho liye ku-ventricle yangakwesobunxele, kusuka lapho kuvela khona i-aorta, ethwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo nezakhi zomzimba emzimbeni wonke.

2. Imithambo yegazi nemithambo

Ukusabalalisa umzimba wonke, igazi ligelezela emithanjeni yegazi, engahlukaniswa njenge:

• Imithambo yegazi: zinamandla futhi ziyaguquguquka njengoba zidinga ukuhambisa igazi lisuke enhliziyweni futhi zimelane nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ukunwebeka kwayo kusiza ekugcineni umfutho wegazi ngesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo;
• Imithambo emincane nemithambo yegazi: babe nezindonga zemisipha ezilungisa ububanzi bazo ukuze zikhuphule noma zehlise ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni enikeziwe;
• Ama-Capillaries: yimithambo yegazi emincane nezindonga ezizacile ngokwedlulele, ezisebenza njengamabhuloho phakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuvumela umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ukuthi kudlule kusuka egazini kuye ezicutshini kanye nemfucumfucu yemethabolikhi yokudlula isuke ezicutshini iye egazini;
• Imithambo: zithwala igazi libuyele enhliziyweni futhi ngokuvamile alikho ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, futhi akudingeki ukuthi ziguquguquke njengemithambo yegazi.

Konke ukusebenza kwesistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kusekelwe ekushayeni kwenhliziyo, lapho i-atria nama-ventricles enhliziyo akhululeka khona futhi enza inkontileka, kwakheka umjikelezo ozoqinisekisa ukusakazeka konke komzimba.

I-Physiology yesistimu yenhliziyo

Uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi lungahlukaniswa lube izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukujikeleza kwamaphaphu (ukusakazwa okuncane), okususa igazi lisuke enhliziyweni liye emaphashini nasemaphashini libuyele enhliziyweni kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi (ukujikeleza okukhulu), okuthatha igazi inhliziyo kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba ngomthambo i-aorta.

I-physiology yesistimu yenhliziyo nayo iqukethe izigaba ezimbalwa, ezibandakanya:

1. Igazi eliphuma emzimbeni, elingenayo i-oxygen futhi elicebile nge-carbon dioxide, ligeleza nge-vena cava liye e-atrium efanele;
2. Lapho ugcwalisa, i-atrium elungile ithumela igazi kwi-ventricle efanele;
3. Lapho i-ventricle efanele igcwele, ipompa igazi nge-valve yamaphaphu iye emithanjeni yamaphaphu, enikezela amaphaphu;
4. Igazi ligeleza liye kuma-capillaries emaphashini, limunca i-oksijini futhi lisuse isikhutha;
5. Igazi elinothe nge-oksijeni ligeleza ngemithambo yamaphaphu liye e-atrium yesobunxele enhliziyweni;
6. Lapho igcwaliswa, i-atrium yangakwesobunxele ithumela igazi elinomoya-mpilo ku-ventricle yesobunxele;
7. Lapho i-ventricle yangakwesokunxele igcwele, ipompa igazi nge-valve ye-aortic iye ku-aorta;

Ekugcineni, igazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo linisela sonke isidalwa, linikeze amandla adingekayo ekusebenzeni kwazo zonke izitho.

Izifo ezingaba khona ezingavela

Kunezifo eziningana ezingathinta uhlelo lwezinhliziyo. Okuvame kakhulu kufaka:

• Isifo senhliziyo: ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni obudalwa ukungabi bikho kwegazi enhliziyweni, okungaholela ekufeni. Yazi izimpawu eziyinhloko zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
• Ukuhlelwa kwenhliziyo: ibonakala ngokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, okungadala ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokuhefuzela komoya. Yazi izimbangela zale nkinga nokuthi ungayibona kanjani.
• Ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwenhliziyo: kuvela lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi elanele ukwanelisa izidingo zomzimba, kubangele ukuphefumula okuncane nokuvuvukala emaqakaleni;
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso: kungukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okukhona lapho kuzalwa, njengokukhononda kwenhliziyo;
• I-Cardiomyopathy: yisifo esithinta ukusikwa kwemisipha yenhliziyo;
• I-Valvulopathy: iqoqo lezifo ezithinta noma yimaphi ama-valve e-4 alawula ukuhamba kwegazi enhliziyweni.
• Unhlangothi: kubangelwa yimithambo yegazi evalekile noma eqhekekile ebuchosheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushaywa unhlangothi kungaholela ekulahlekelweni yinkinga yokuhamba, yokukhuluma neyokubona.

Izifo zesistimu yenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi isifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi, yizimbangela ezihamba phambili zokufa emhlabeni wonke. Intuthuko kwezokwelapha isizile ukunciphisa lezi zinombolo, kepha ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuhlala kukuvikela. Bona ukuthi wenzeni ukuvimbela unhlangothi kuzeluleko ezi-7 zokwehlisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.