Yini ebangela ukububula kwenhliziyo nokuthi kufanele uyiphathe kanjani

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Yini ebangela ukububula kwenhliziyo
• Inhliziyo yezinsana ibubula
• Inhliziyo ibubula kubantu abadala
• Indlela yokwelapha
• Ukwelashwa ngemithi
• Ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa
• Inhliziyo ibubula lapho ukhulelwe

Ukububula kungumsindo wesiphithiphithi esihlukunyezwa yigazi ngesikhathi kudlula enhliziyweni, lapho siwela amavalvu aso noma sishayisana nemisipha yaso. Akusikho konke ukukhononda okukhombisa isifo senhliziyo, njengoba kwenzeka kubantu abaningi abaphilile,, kulezi zimo, okuthiwa ukububula komzimba noma kokusebenza.

Kodwa-ke, ukukhononda kungakhombisa nokukhubazeka kuma-valve enhliziyo, emisipheni yenhliziyo noma isifo esishintsha ijubane lokugeleza kwegazi, njenge-rheumatic fever, i-anemia, i-mitral valve prolapse noma izifo zokuzalwa, ngokwesibonelo.

Kwezinye izimo lezi zimo zingadala izimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya, ukuvuvukala emzimbeni nokushaywa yizisu futhi, kulezi zimo, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa noma kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa, ngaphansi kokuqondiswa ngudokotela wenhliziyo.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Ngokuvamile, ukukhononda kwenhliziyo akuhambisani nezinye izimpawu noma izimpawu, futhi ukuba khona kwayo kukodwa akukubi. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukukhonona kubangelwa yisifo esidala ubunzima ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo, kungavela izimpawu ezikhombisa ubunzima bokumpompa igazi nokufaka umoya-mpilo kumaseli omzimba.

Ezinye zezimpawu eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukuphefumula okufishane;
• Khwehlela;
• Ukushaya kancane;
• Ubuthakathaka.

Ezinganeni, kujwayelekile ukubona ubunzima bokubeletha, ubuthakathaka nokuba khona komlomo nezandla ezi-purplish, futhi lokhu kungenxa yobunzima bokufaka umoya-mpilo egazini, ngoba inhliziyo ayisebenzi kahle.

Yini ebangela ukububula kwenhliziyo

Ukububula kwenhliziyo kuyisibonakaliso, okungaba ngokomzimba, kepha futhi kungakhombisa uhlobo oluthile lokuguqulwa noma kwesifo, ngezimbangela ezahlukahlukene, kubantu abadala nasezinganeni.

Inhliziyo yezinsana ibubula

Ezinganeni nasezinganeni, imbangela enkulu yokububula inesibindi futhi iyanyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imvamisa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhula kwezinhliziyo, okungenzeka kungalingani.

Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yokuba khona kwesifo sokuzalwa ekwakhekeni kwenhliziyo, esivele izalwe nengane, ngenxa yezifo zofuzo noma ukuphambana ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengokutheleleka nge-rubella, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile, ukuphuza ngokweqile noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngabakhulelwe. Kunezinhlobo eziningi, kepha ukukhubazeka okuvame kakhulu okungadala ukuphefumula yilawa:

• Amaphutha emakamelweni noma kuma-valve enhliziyo, njenge-mitral valve prolapse, i-bicuspid aortic valve, i-aortic stenosis noma i-aortic coarctation, isibonelo;
• Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamagumbi enhliziyo, okungenzeka ngenxa yokubambezeleka noma ukukhubazeka ekuvaleni imisipha yamakamelo enhliziyo, futhi ezinye izibonelo ukuphikelela kwe-ductus arteriosus, ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi noma ukuhlangana, ukukhubazeka kwe-septum ye-atrioventricular kanye ne-tetralogy ye-Fallot.

Izimo ezimnene zingabhekwa ngudokotela wezinhliziyo ezingane, noma zithuthukiswe ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, njengezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, ezisetshenziselwa ukuphikelela kwe-ductus arteriosus. Kodwa-ke, lapho ushintsho lubi, luze lufike ezingeni lokudala izimpawu ezifana nomlomo nezitho ezibubende, kubalulekile ukuhlela ukuhlinzwa.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungasibona kanjani isifo senhliziyo esizalwe naso.

Inhliziyo ibubula kubantu abadala

Ukububula kwenhliziyo kubantu abadala futhi akubonisi ubukhona besifo, futhi, ezimweni eziningi, kungenzeka ukuthi uphile naso ngokujwayelekile, futhi ungazijwayeza nokuzivocavoca umzimba ngemuva kokukhishwa ngudokotela wenhliziyo. Noma kunjalo, ukuba khona kwalesi sibonakaliso kungakhombisa nokuba khona koshintsho, olufana nalokhu:

• Ukuncishiswa kwevalvu elilodwa noma amaningi enhliziyo, okuthiwa yi-stenosis, ngenxa yezifo ezifana ne-rheumatic fever, ukubalwa ngenxa yobudala, isimila noma ukuvuvukala ngenxa yokutheleleka kwenhliziyo, isibonelo, okuvimbela ukudlula kwegazi kwamahhala ngesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo;
• Ukungalingani kwe-valve eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, ngenxa yezifo ezinjengokwanda kwe-mitral valve, i-rheumatic fever, i-dilation noma i-hypertrophy yenhliziyo noma uhlobo oluthile lokuguqulwa oluvimbela ukuvalwa okufanele kwama-valve ngesikhathi sokumpompa kwenhliziyo;
• Izifo eziguqula ukugeleza kwegazi, njenge-anemia noma i-hyperthyroidism, okwenza igazi ligijime lapho lidlula.

Ukuxilongwa kokukhononda kwenhliziyo kungenziwa ngudokotela ojwayelekile noma udokotela wenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komtholampilo kwenhliziyo, futhi isiqiniseko saso senziwa izivivinyo zokucabanga, njenge-echocardiography.

Indlela yokwelapha

Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kokububula kwenhliziyo yomzimba akudingekile, ngokulandelwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma ezi-12 nodokotela wenhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, uma kunezimpawu noma ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kwanoma yisiphi isifo, inhliziyo idinga ukwelashwa, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa noma ukuhlinzwa.

Ukwelashwa ngemithi

Ukwelashwa kubandakanya imishanguzo yokulawula ingcindezi nokwenza lula umsebenzi wenhliziyo, ngemithi elawula imvamisa yayo njengepropranolol, metoprolol, verapamil noma i-digoxin, eyehlisa ukuqongelela koketshezi emaphashini, njenge-diuretics, futhi elawula ingcindezi nokwenza lula ukudlula kwegazi emithanjeni, njenge-hydralazine ne-enalapril.

Ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kuboniswa ngudokotela wezinhliziyo nodokotela ohlinzayo wenhliziyo, ngemuva kokuhlola izinto ezinjengezimpawu ezingathuthuki ngemithi, ubukhulu besici senhliziyo nokuba khona kwezinye izimpawu, njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo noma i-arrhythmia.

Izinketho zokuhlinzwa yilezi:

• Balloon ukulungiswa valve, okwenziwe ngokwethulwa kwe-catheter kanye ne-insufflation yebhaluni, kuboniswa kakhulu kumacala okuncipha;
• Ukulungiswa ngokuhlinzwa, eyenziwe ngokuvulwa kwesifuba nenhliziyo ukulungisa iphutha ku-valve noma imisipha;
• Ukuhlinzwa kabusha kwe-Valve, engashintshwa yi-valve yokwenziwa noma yensimbi.

Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa nalo luyehluka kuye ngesimo ngasinye nangencomo kadokotela wenhliziyo nodokotela ohlinzayo wenhliziyo.

Ukululama kokuqala kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kuvame ukwenziwa e-ICU cishe izinsuku ezi-1 kuye kwezi-2. Ngemuva kwalokho lo muntu uzoqhubeka nokungeniswa esibhedlela, lapho ezohlolwa khona yi-cardiologist aze abuyele ekhaya, lapho ezohlala khona amasonto ambalwa ngokuzikhandla futhi alulame.

Ngesikhathi sokululama, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ngokudla okunempilo nokwelashwa komzimba. Thola imininingwane eminingi mayelana nokuhlinzwa kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo.

Inhliziyo ibubula lapho ukhulelwe

Kwabesifazane abebenohlobo oluthile lokuthula kwenhliziyo buthule noma ukububula kwenhliziyo emnene, ukukhulelwa kungadala ukuncipha komtholampilo, kubangele izimpawu ezinjengokuphelelwa umoya nokuphefumula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona ukwanda kwevolumu yegazi kanye nenani legazi elimpompwe yinhliziyo, elidinga umsebenzi omningi ngohlaka. Thola kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izimbangela ezingaba khona zokuphefumula okhulelwe.

Kulezi zimo, ukwelashwa ngemithi kungenziwa ukulawula izimpawu, futhi uma kungekho ukuthuthuka nokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka, kwenziwa kangcono ngemuva kwe-trimester yesibili, lapho ukukhulelwa kuzinzile ngokwengeziwe.