Kuyini Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo?

-Delile

• Kungani udinga ukwelashwa kokukhuluma?
• Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokukhuluma?
• Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo yezingane
• Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kubantu abadala
• Udinga isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa kokukhuluma?
• Iphumelela kangakanani ukwelashwa kokukhuluma?
• Okubalulekile

Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa kwezinkinga zokuxhumana nokuphazamiseka kwenkulumo. Kwenziwa ngabahlengikazi bolimi lwenkulumo (SLPs), okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi abelaphi bokukhuluma.

Izindlela zokwelapha inkulumo zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa kokucacisa, imisebenzi yokungenelela kolimi, nokunye kuya ngohlobo lwenkulumo noma ukuphazamiseka kolimi.

Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kungadingeka ekuphazamiseni ukukhuluma okukhula ebuntwaneni noma ekukhubazekeni kwenkulumo kubantu abadala okubangelwa ukulimala noma ukugula, njengokushaywa unhlangothi noma ukulimala ebuchosheni.

Kungani udinga ukwelashwa kokukhuluma?

Kunokuphazamiseka kokukhuluma nokukhuluma okuningana okungalashwa ngokwelashwa kokukhuluma.

• Ukuphazamiseka kwamagama. Isifo sokukhuluma ukungakwazi ukwakha kahle imisindo ethile yamagama. Ingane enale nkinga yokukhuluma ingahle yehle, ishintshe, iphazamise, noma ingeze imisindo yamagama. Isibonelo sokuhlanekezela igama kungaba ukuthi "thith" esikhundleni sokuthi "lokhu".
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuqonda. Ukuphazamiseka kokuqephuza kuthinta ukuhamba, isivinini, nesigqi senkulumo. Ukungingiza nokuququda kungukuphazamiseka kokuqephuza. Umuntu onamalimi unenkinga yokukhipha umsindo futhi angaba nenkulumo evinjiwe noma ephazanyisiwe, noma engaphinda ingxenye yawo wonke amagama. Umuntu onokuminyana uvame ukukhuluma ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ahlanganise amagama ndawonye.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwama-resonance. Ukuphazamiseka kwemisindo kwenzeka lapho ukuvinjelwa noma ukuvinjelwa kokuhamba komoya okujwayelekile emakhaleni nangomlomo kuguqula ukunyakaza okubhekele ikhwalithi yezwi. Kungenzeka futhi uma i-valve ye-velopharyngeal ingavali kahle. Ukuphazamiseka kwama-resonance kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-palate palate, ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi, namathansela avuvukile.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuthola. Umuntu onenkinga yolimi olwamukelayo unenkinga yokuqonda nokucubungula okushiwo abanye. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi ubonakale ungathandeki lapho othile ekhuluma, unenkinga yokulandela izinkomba, noma unesilulumagama esilinganiselwe. Ezinye izinkinga zolimi, i-autism, ukulahleka kokuzwa, nokulimala ekhanda kungaholela ekuphazamisekeni kolimi olwamukelayo.
• Izinkinga ezichazayo. Ukuphazamiseka kolimi okuchazayo kunzima ukudlulisa noma ukuveza imininingwane. Uma unesifo esizwakalayo, ungaba nenkinga yokwakha imisho enembile, njengokusebenzisa isikhathi sesenzo esingalungile. Kuhlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka kokukhula, njenge-Down syndrome nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Kungabangelwa ukuhlukumezeka kwekhanda noma isimo sezokwelapha.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuqonda kwengqondo. Kunzima ukuxhumana ngenxa yokulimala engxenyeni yobuchopho elawula ikhono lakho lokucabanga kubhekiswa njengokuphazamiseka kokuqonda. Kungaba nezinkinga zememori, ukuxazulula izinkinga, nobunzima bokukhuluma, noma ukulalela. Kungabangelwa yizinkinga zebhayoloji, ukukhula okungavamile kobuchopho, izimo ezithile zemizwa, ukulimala ebuchosheni noma ukushaywa unhlangothi.
• I-Aphasia. Lesi inkinga yokuxhumana etholakele ethinta ikhono lomuntu lokukhuluma nokuqonda abanye. Kuyaye kuthinte nekhono lomuntu lokufunda nokubhala. Ukushaywa unhlangothi kuyimbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-aphasia, noma ezinye izifo zobuchopho nazo zingakubangela.
• I-Dysarthria. Lesi simo sibonakala ngokukhuluma ngokunensa noma okungahambi kahle ngenxa yobuthakathaka noma ukungakwazi ukulawula imisipha esetshenziselwa ukukhuluma. Kuvame ukubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa nezimo ezibangela ukukhubazeka kobuso noma ubuthakathaka bomphimbo nolimi, njenge-multiple sclerosis (MS), i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), nesifo sohlangothi.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokukhuluma?

Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kuvame ukuqala ngokuhlolwa yi-SLP ezokhomba uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kokuxhumana kanye nendlela engcono yokuyelapha.

Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo yezingane

Enganeni yakho, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kungenzeka ekilasini noma eqenjini elincane, noma kulowo nalowo, kuye ngenkinga yokukhuluma. Ukuzivocavoca nokwelashwa kwenkulumo kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesifo sengane yakho, ubudala, nezidingo zakho. Ngesikhathi sokwelapha izingane, i-SLP inga:

• sebenzelana ngokukhuluma nokudlala, nangokusebenzisa izincwadi, izithombe ezinye izinto njengengxenye yokungenelela kolimi ukusiza ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kolimi
• khombisa imisindo efanele kanye namaqoqo ezinhlamvu ezinganeni ngesikhathi sokudlala okufanele iminyaka yokufundisa ingane ukwenza imisindo ethile
• hlinzeka ngamasu kanye nomsebenzi wesikole wengane nomzali noma umnakekeli wokuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukwelashwa kokukhuluma ekhaya

Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kubantu abadala

Ukwelashwa kwabantu abadala nakho kuqala ngokuhlola ukuthola izidingo zakho kanye nokwelashwa okuhle kakhulu. Ukuzivocavoca ngokwelashwa kwabantu abadala kungakusiza ngenkulumo, ulimi, nokuxhumana kwengqondo.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka futhi ukuqeqeshwa kabusha komsebenzi wokugwinya uma ukulimala noma isimo sezempilo, esifana nesifo sikaParkinson noma umdlavuza womlomo kubangele ubunzima bokugwinya.

Ukuzivocavoca kungabandakanya:

• ukuxazulula izinkinga, inkumbulo, nokuhleleka, kanye neminye imisebenzi ehlose ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwengqondo
• amaqhinga wokuxoxa wokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana nomphakathi
• izivivinyo zokuphefumula ukuze kuzwakale umsindo
• ukuzivocavoca ukuqinisa imisipha yomlomo

Kunezinsizakusebenza eziningi ezitholakalayo uma ufuna ukuzama izivivinyo zokwelapha inkulumo ekhaya, kufaka phakathi:

• izinhlelo zokusebenza zokwelapha inkulumo
• imidlalo yokuthuthukisa ulimi namathoyizi, njengama-flip card nama-flash card
• izincwadi zomsebenzi

Udinga isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa kokukhuluma?

Isikhathi sokuthi umuntu adinge ukwelashwa ngenkulumo sincike ezintweni ezimbalwa, kufaka phakathi:

• iminyaka yabo
• uhlobo nobukhali bokuphazamiseka kokukhuluma
• imvamisa yokwelashwa
• isimo sezempilo esiyisisekelo
• ukwelashwa kwesimo esiyisisekelo sezempilo

Ezinye izinkinga zokukhuluma ziqala ebuntwaneni futhi zithuthuke ngobudala, kanti ezinye ziyaqhubeka zibe abantu abadala futhi zidinga ukwelashwa nokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside.

Ukuphazamiseka kokuxhumana okubangelwa isifo sohlangothi noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha kungathuthuka njengakwelashwa futhi njengoba isimo sithuthuka.

Iphumelela kangakanani ukwelashwa kokukhuluma?

Izinga lempumelelo lokwelashwa kokukhuluma liyahlukahluka phakathi kwesifo eselaswayo namaqembu eminyaka yobudala. Lapho uqala ukwelashwa kokukhuluma nakho kungaba nomthelela emphumeleni.

Ukwelashwa kwezinkulumo ezinganeni ezisencane kube okuphumelela kakhulu lapho kuqalwa kusenesikhathi futhi kwenziwa ekhaya ngokubandakanyeka komzali noma umnakekeli.

Okubalulekile

Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kungaphatha uhla olubanzi lokulibaziseka kwenkulumo nolimi nokuphazamiseka ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Ngokungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kungathuthukisa ukuxhumana futhi kuthuthukise ukuzethemba.