Zibukeka Kanjani Izimpawu Zesigaba 4 seMelanoma?

-Delile

• Zibukeka kanjani izicubu zesigaba 4?
• Ukuqina kwesigaxa
• Usayizi isimila
• Isilonda sesilonda
• Ukuzihlola
• Kuphi futhi lapho i-melanoma isakazekela khona?
• Uphatha kanjani isigaba 4 se-melanoma?
• Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo
• Uyini umbono wesigaba 4 se-melanoma?
• Amanani okusinda
• Ukuthola ukwesekwa

Kusho ukuthini ukuxilongwa kwesigaba 4 se-melanoma?

Isigaba 4 yisigaba esithuthuke kakhulu se-melanoma, uhlobo olubucayi lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele kusuka kuma-lymph node uye kwezinye izitho, imvamisa amaphaphu. Abanye odokotela baphinde babheke isigaba 4 se-melanoma njenge-melanoma esezingeni eliphakeme.

Ukuxilonga isigaba 4 se-melanoma, udokotela wakho uzoqhuba:

• ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukubheka ukubalwa kwegazi nokusebenza kwesibindi
• ama-scan, njenge-ultrasound kanye ne-imaging, ukubheka ukuthi umdlavuza usabalale kanjani
• biopsies, ukususa isampula ukuze ihlolwe
• imihlangano yeqembu elihlukahlukene, noma imihlangano neqembu lochwepheshe bomdlavuza wesikhumba

Kwesinye isikhathi i-melanoma ingaphinde yenzeke ngemuva kokuba isisusiwe.

Udokotela wakho uzobheka lapho umdlavuza usabalale khona kanye nezinga lakho eliphakeme le-serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ukunquma ukuthi umdlavuza ukufinyelele esigabeni sesi-4 kangakanani. Funda ukuze uthole ukuthi izimpawu zesigaba 4 se-melanoma zibukeka kanjani.

Zibukeka kanjani izicubu zesigaba 4?

Ukushintshelwa kumvukuzane ekhona noma isikhumba esijwayelekile kungaba uphawu lokuqala lokuthi umdlavuza ususakazekile. Kodwa izimpawu zomzimba zesigaba 4 se-melanoma azifani nawo wonke umuntu. Udokotela uzohlonza isigaba 4 se-melanoma ngokubheka isimila sokuqala, ukusabalala kuma-lymph node aseduze, nokuthi ngabe isimila sesinabele yini ezithweni ezahlukahlukene. Ngenkathi udokotela wakho engeke asekele ukuxilongwa kwabo kuphela ekutheni isimila sakho sibukeka kanjani, ingxenye yokuxilongwa kwabo ihilela ukubheka isimila sokuqala.

Ukuqina kwesigaxa

Lesi sibonakaliso sesigaba 4 se-melanoma kulula ukuzwa kunalokho esikubonayo. Lapho i-melanoma isakazeka kuma-lymph node aseduze, lawo ma-node angaba matted, noma ahlangane. Uma ucindezela ama-lymph node ahlanganisiwe, azozizwa enesigaxa futhi elukhuni. Udokotela, ohlola i-melanoma ethuthukile, angaba ngumuntu wokuqala ukuthola lolu phawu lwesigaba 4 se-melanoma.

Usayizi isimila

Ubukhulu besimila abuhlali buyinkomba engcono kakhulu yokufakwa komdlavuza wesikhumba. Kodwa i-American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) ibika ukuthi isigaba sesine sezimila zemisundu sithambekele ekubeni sikhulu - ngaphezu kwamamilimitha amane ukujula. Kodwa-ke, ngoba isigaba sesine se-melanoma sitholakala uma i-melanoma isisabalalele kuma-lymph node akude noma kwezinye izitho, ubukhulu besimila buyahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Ngokwengeziwe, ukwelashwa kungasinciphisa isimila, kepha umdlavuza usengakhula.

Isilonda sesilonda

Ezinye izicubu zomdlavuza wesikhumba ziba nesilonda, noma ikhefu esikhunjeni. Lokhu kuvulwa kungaqala ekuqaleni kwesigaba 1 se-melanoma futhi kungaqhubekela ezigabeni ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Uma unesigaba 4 se-melanoma, isimila sakho sesikhumba kungenzeka siphuke noma singophi.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, ama-melanomas anezilonda abonisa izinga eliphansi lokusinda.

Ukuzihlola

Ungalandela futhi ama-ABCDE ukuze uzihlolele i-melanoma. Funa i:

• i-asymmetry: lapho imvukuzane ingalingani
• umngcele: umngcele ongajwayelekile noma ongachazwanga kahle
• umbala: ukuhlukahluka kombala kumvukuzane
• ubukhulu: ama-melanomas ngokuvamile alingana nezisuli zepensela noma ezinkudlwana
• evolving: ushintsho esimweni, usayizi, noma umbala wemvukuzane noma isilonda

Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ubona imvukuzane entsha noma isilonda sesikhumba emzimbeni wakho, ikakhulukazi uma ngaphambilini uke watholakala une-melanoma.

Kuphi futhi lapho i-melanoma isakazekela khona?

Lapho i-melanoma iqhubekela esigabeni sesi-3, kusho ukuthi isimila sesisabalalele kuma-lymph node noma esikhumbeni esizungeze isimila sokuqala kanye nama-lymph node. Esigabeni 4, umdlavuza uthuthele kwezinye izindawo ezikude kakhulu kwama-lymph node, njengezitho zakho zangaphakathi. Izindawo ezivame kakhulu ukusakazwa yi-melanoma yilezi:

• amaphaphu
• isibindi
• amathambo
• ubuchopho
• isisu, noma isisu

Lokhu kukhula kuzodala izimpawu ezahlukahlukene, kuya ngokuthi kusabalale ziphi izindawo. Isibonelo, ungazizwa uphefumula kanzima noma ukhwehlela njalo uma umdlavuza ususakaze emaphashini akho. Noma ungaba nekhanda lesikhathi eside elingapheli uma selinabele ebuchosheni bakho. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpawu zesigaba sesine se-melanoma kungenzeka zingaveli iminyaka eminingi ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesimila sokuqala.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma uzwa izinhlungu ezintsha nobuhlungu noma izimpawu. Bazokwazi ukusiza ukuxilonga imbangela futhi bancome izinketho zokwelashwa.

Uphatha kanjani isigaba 4 se-melanoma?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngisho nesigaba 4 se-melanoma singelashwa. Lapho umdlavuza utholakala ngokushesha, ungasuswa ngokushesha - futhi amathuba akho okuba alulame ayanda. I-Stage 4 melanoma nayo inezinketho zokwelashwa eziningi, kepha lezi zinketho zincike ku:

• ukuphi umdlavuza
• lapho umdlavuza usabalale khona
• izimpawu zakho
• umdlavuza usuthuthuke kangakanani
• iminyaka yakho nempilo yonke

Indlela ophendula ngayo ekwelashweni ithinta nezinketho zakho zokwelashwa. Izindlela zokwelashwa ezinhlanu ezijwayelekile ze-melanoma yilezi:

• ukuhlinzwa: ukususa isimila sokuqala kanye nama-lymph node athintekile
• i-chemotherapy: ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ukunqanda ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza
• ukwelashwa ngemisebe: ukusetshenziswa kwe-X-ray enamandla amakhulu ukuvimbela ukukhula namaseli omdlavuza
• immunotherapy: ukwelashwa okwandisa amasosha akho omzimba
• ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe: ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma ezinye izinto ukuhlasela izidakamizwa zomdlavuza

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingancika futhi lapho umdlavuza usabalalele khona. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngezinketho zakho ukusiza ukumaka uhlelo lokwelashwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo

Eziningi zokwelashwa komdlavuza kwanamuhla kwakususelwa ekuhlolweni kokuqala komtholampilo. Ungahle ufune ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo se-melanoma, ikakhulukazi uma kuyi-melanoma engenakususwa ngokuhlinzwa. Isivivinyo ngasinye sizoba nenqubo yaso. Abanye badinga abantu abangakatholi ukwelashwa ngenkathi abanye behlola izindlela ezintsha zokunciphisa imiphumela emibi yomdlavuza. Ungathola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ngeMelanoma Research Foundation noma.

Uyini umbono wesigaba 4 se-melanoma?

Lapho umdlavuza ususakazekile, ukuthola nokwelapha amangqamuzana anomdlavuza kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe. Wena nodokotela wakho ningenza uhlelo olulinganisa izidingo zakho. Ukwelashwa kufanele kukwenze ukhululeke, kepha futhi kufanele kufune ukususa noma ukunciphisa ukukhula komdlavuza. Izinga elilindelwe lokushona elihlobene ne-melanoma ngabantu abayi-10,130 ngonyaka. Umbono wesigaba 4 se-melanoma uncike ekutheni umdlavuza usabalale kanjani. Ngokuvamile kungcono uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kuphela ezingxenyeni ezikude zesikhumba nama-lymph node esikhundleni sezinye izitho.

Amanani okusinda

Ngo-2008, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda kwesigaba 4 se-melanoma sasicishe sibe ngamaphesenti ayi-15-20, kanti izinga lokusinda leminyaka eyishumi lalicishe libe ngamaphesenti ayi-10-15. Khumbula ukuthi lezi zinombolo zibonisa ukwelashwa okutholakalayo ngaleso sikhathi. Izindlela zokwelashwa zihlala zithuthuka, futhi lezi zilinganiso ziyizilinganiso kuphela. Umbono wakho ubuye uxhomeke ekuphenduleni komzimba wakho ekwelashweni nakwezinye izinto ezinjengobudala, indawo onayo umdlavuza, nokuthi unesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somzimba esibuthakathaka.

Ukuthola ukwesekwa

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo kungaba nzima kakhulu. Ukufunda kabanzi ngesimo sakho nezinketho zokwelashwa kungakusiza uzizwe ukwazi ukulawula ikusasa lakho. Futhi, ukwazisa abangane bakho nomndeni wakho ngesinyathelo ngasinye sohambo lwakho kungasiza futhi njengoba uthuthuka ngokwelashwa kwakho.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngombono wakho kanye nokuhlolwa okungahle kube khona emitholampilo, uma ngabe ufanelekile. Futhi ungafinyelela kumaqembu osizo omphakathi wangakini ukuze wabelane ngolwazi lwakho futhi ufunde ukuthi abanye abantu banqobe kanjani izinselelo ezifanayo. I-American Melanoma Foundation inohlu lwamaqembu asekela i-melanoma ezweni lonke.