Izigaba zeCancer Colon

-Delile

• Umdlavuza wekoloni uhlelwa kanjani
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba somdlavuza
• Isigaba 0
• Isigaba 1
• Isigaba 2
• Isigaba 3
• Isigaba 4
• Ibanga eliphansi vs. ibanga eliphakeme
• Izimpawu zomdlavuza wamathumbu
• Ukuhlolwa ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza wamathumbu
• Uphathwa kanjani umdlavuza wamathumbu esigabeni ngasinye
• Ukuthatha

Umdlavuza wekoloni uhlelwa kanjani

Uma utholwe unomdlavuza wekoloni (owaziwa nangokuthi umdlavuza we-colorectal cancer), enye yezinto zokuqala udokotela wakho azofuna ukunquma isigaba somdlavuza wakho.

Isiteji sisho ubukhulu bomdlavuza nokuthi ususabalale kangakanani. Ukubeka umdlavuza wamakholoni kubalulekile ukuthola indlela yokwelashwa engcono kakhulu.

Umdlavuza wamakholoni uvame ukuhlelwa kususelwa ohlelweni olusungulwe yiAmerican Joint Committee on Cancer olubizwa nge-TNM staging system.

Uhlelo lubheka lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Isigaxa sokuqala (i-T). Isimila sokuqala sisho ukuthi sikhulu kangakanani isimila sokuqala nokuthi umdlavuza usukhule waba wudonga lwekholoni noma usakazekela ezindaweni eziseduze.
• Ama-lymph node wesifunda (N). Ama-lymph node wesifunda abhekisa ekutheni ngabe amangqamuzana omdlavuza asabalalele kuma-lymph node aseduze.
• Ama-metastases akude (M): Ama-metastases akude abhekisa ekutheni umdlavuza usabalale kusuka koloni uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengamaphaphu noma isibindi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba somdlavuza

Esigabeni ngasinye, lesi sifo sihlukaniswa ngokuqhubekayo futhi sinikezwe inombolo noma incwadi ekhombisa ubukhulu besifo. Lezi zabelo zisuselwa ekwakhiweni kwekholoni, nokuthi umdlavuza usukhule kangakanani ngokusebenzisa izingqimba zodonga lwamakholoni.

Izigaba zomdlavuza wamathumbu zimi kanje:

Isigaba 0

Lesi yisigaba sokuqala somdlavuza wekoloni futhi kusho ukuthi asikakhuli ngaphezu kwe-mucosa, noma ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwekholoni.

Isigaba 1

Umdlavuza wesigaba 1 ukhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza usukhule waba ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwekholoni, olubizwa ngokuthi i-mucosa, kusendlalelo esilandelayo sokholoni, esibizwa ngokuthi i-submucosa. Akusakazekanga kuma-lymph node.

Isigaba 2

Esigabeni sesibili somdlavuza wamakholoni, lesi sifo sithuthuke kancane kunesigaba 1 futhi sikhule ngaphezu kwe-mucosa kanye ne-submucosa yekholoni.

Umdlavuza wesigaba sesi-2 uhlukaniswa ngokuqhubekayo njengesigaba 2A, 2B, noma 2C:

• 2A isigaba. Umdlavuza awusabalalanga kuma-lymph node noma izicubu eziseduze. Ifinyelele ezingqimbeni ezingaphandle zekholoni kodwa ayikakhuli ngokuphelele.
• 2B isigaba. Umdlavuza awusabalalanga kuma-lymph node, kepha ukhulile yize ungqimba olungaphandle lwekholoni kanye ne-visceral peritoneum. Lolu ulwelwesi oluphethe izitho zesisu endaweni yazo.
• 2C isigaba. Umdlavuza awutholakali kuma-lymph node aseduze, kodwa ngaphezu kokukhula ungqimba olungaphandle lwekholoni, ukhule waba izitho noma izakhiwo eziseduze.

Isigaba 3

Umdlavuza wesigaba sesi-3 uhlukaniswa njengesigaba 3A, 3B, no-3C:

• Isigaba se-3A. Isimila sikhule safinyelela noma ngokusebenzisa izingqimba zemisipha yekholoni futhi sitholakala kuma-lymph node aseduze. Akusakazekanga kuma-node noma izitho ezikude.
• 3B isigaba. Isimila sikhule ngokusebenzisa izingqimba ezingaphandle zekholoni futhi singena kwi-visceral peritoneum noma sihlasela ezinye izitho noma izakhiwo, futhi sitholakala ku-1 kuya ku-3 lymph node. Noma isimila asikho ngokusebenzisa izingqimba ezingaphandle zodonga lwamakholoni kodwa sitholakala kuma-lymph node angama-4 noma ngaphezulu.
• 3C isigaba. Isimila sikhule ngaphezu kwezingqimba zemisipha kanti umdlavuza utholakala kuma-lymph node angama-4 noma ngaphezulu, kepha hhayi kumasayithi akude.

Isigaba 4

Umdlavuza wesigaba sesine uhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili, isigaba 4A no-4B:

• Isigaba se-4A. Lesi sigaba sikhomba ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele endaweni eyodwa ekude, njengesibindi noma amaphaphu.
• Isigaba se-4B. Lesi sigaba esithuthuke kakhulu somdlavuza wekoloni sikhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele ezindaweni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezikude, njengamaphaphu nesibindi.

Ibanga eliphansi vs. ibanga eliphakeme

Ngaphezu kwesiteji, umdlavuza wamakholoni ubuye uhlukaniswe njengebanga eliphansi noma eliphakeme.

Lapho udokotela wezifo ezihlola amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, babela inombolo kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-4 ngokuya ngokuthi amangqamuzana abukeka kanjani njengamaseli aphilile.

Ukuphakama kwebanga, lapho amaseli ebukeka ngokungavamile. Yize ingahluka, umdlavuza osezingeni eliphansi uvame ukukhula kancane kunomdlavuza osezingeni eliphakeme. Isibikezelo sibhekwa kangcono kubantu abanomdlavuza we-colon wezinga eliphansi.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wamathumbu

Ngesikhathi sokuqala komdlavuza wekoloni, ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu noma izimpawu. Ezinyangeni zakamuva, izimpawu zivame ukwehluka ngokususelwa kusayizi wesimila nendawo emathunjini akho amakhulu.

Lezi zimpawu zingafaka:

• shintsha imikhuba yamathumbu
• igazi esitokisini noma ukuphuma kwegazi
• ubuhlungu besisu
• ukukhathala
• ukuncipha kwesisindo okungaqondakali

Ukuhlolwa ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza wamathumbu

Kunezinketho ze-4 zokuhlola ezitholakalayo zomdlavuza obala:

• ukuhlolwa kwe-fecal immunochemical (FIT) minyaka yonke
• FIT njalo eminyakeni emibili
• sigmoidoscopy
• ikholoscopy

Ngokusho kwe-American College of Physicians, i-colonoscopy isivivinyo esijwayelekile somdlavuza wekoloni. Kodwa-ke, uma ngasizathu simbe, ungeyena umuntu ofanelekayo we-colonoscopy, bancoma kokubili ukuhlolwa kwe-FIT kanye ne-sigmoidoscopy.

Uma ngemuva kokuthatha ukuhlolwa kwe-FIT noma i-sigmoidoscopy uhlola ukuthi unomdlavuza obala kakhulu, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzophakamisa i-colonoscopy ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwakho.

I-colonoscopy ukuhlolwa kokuhlola lapho udokotela esebenzisa ithubhu ende, encanyana enekhamera encane enamathiselwe ukubuka ingaphakathi lekholoni lakho.

Uma kutholakala umdlavuza wekoloni, kuvame ukudingeka izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuthola ubukhulu besimila nokuthi ngabe sesisabalele ngaphesheya kwekholoni.

Ukuhlola okuxilongayo okwenziwe kungafaka ukucabanga kwesisu, isibindi, nesifuba ngezikena ze-CT, ama-X-ray, noma ama-MRI scan.

Kungaba nezimo lapho isigaba sesifo singeke sanqunywa ngokuphelele kuze kube ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwekoloni. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, udokotela wezifo angahlola isimila sokuqala kanye nama-lymph node asusiwe, asiza ukunquma isigaba sesifo.

Uphathwa kanjani umdlavuza wamathumbu esigabeni ngasinye

Ukwelashwa okunconyelwe umdlavuza wamathumbu kuncike kakhulu esigabeni sesifo. Khumbula, ukwelashwa kuzobheka nezinga lomdlavuza, iminyaka yakho, nempilo yakho iyonke.

Ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society, ngokuvamile isigaba ngasinye somdlavuza wekoloni siphathwa ngokulandelayo:

• Isigaba 0. Ukuhlinzwa imvamisa kuyindlela yokwelashwa kuphela edingekayo yomdlavuza wesigaba 0 wamathumbu.
• Isigaba 1. Ukuhlinzwa kukodwa kunconyelwa umdlavuza wesigaba soku-1. Inqubo esetshenzisiwe ingahluka ngokuya ngendawo nosayizi wesimila.
• Isigaba 2. Ukuhlinzwa kunconywa ukususa isigaba somdlavuza se-colon nama-lymph node aseduze. Kunganconywa i-Chemotherapy ezimweni ezithile, njengokuthi umdlavuza ubhekwa njengophakeme noma uma kunezici ezinobungozi obukhulu.
• Isigaba 3. Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila nama-lymph node kulandele ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa ngemisebe nakho kunganconywa.
• Isigaba 4. Ukwelashwa kungafaka ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe noma i-immunotherapy nakho kunganconywa.

Ukuthatha

Isigaba somdlavuza wekoloni sizothinta umbono wakho. Abantu abatholakala benomdlavuza wesigaba 1 no-2 wekoloni ngokuvamile banamazinga aphezulu okusinda.

Khumbula, isigaba somdlavuza wekoloni akuyona ukuphela kwento enquma amazinga okusinda. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ziningi izinto ezizothinta umbono wakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi usabela kanjani ekwelashweni, iminyaka yakho, izinga lakho lomdlavuza, kanye nempilo yakho yonke ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.