Ukwelashwa Kwamaseli E-Stem Yezifo Ezingapheli Zokuvimbela Amaphaphu (COPD)

-Delile

• Ukuqonda i-COPD
• Amaseli esiqu 101
• Izinzuzo ezingaba khona ze-COPD
• Ucwaningo lwamanje
• Ezilwaneni
• Kubantu
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukuqonda i-COPD

Isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD) yisifo samaphaphu esiqhubekayo esenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.

Ngokusho kwe-American Lung Association, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-16.4 e-United States batholakale benalesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abanye abantu abayizigidi eziyi-18 bangaba ne-COPD futhi bangayazi.

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-COPD yi-bronchitis engapheli ne-emphysema. Abantu abaningi abane-COPD banenhlanganisela yakho kokubili.

Okwamanje alikho ikhambi le-COPD. Kukhona kuphela izindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo nokunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ucwaningo oluthembisayo oluphakamisa ukuthi ama-stem cells angasiza ekwelapheni lolu hlobo lwesifo samaphaphu.

Amaseli esiqu 101

Amaseli esiqu abalulekile kukho konke okuphilayo futhi abelana ngezici ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Bangazivuselela ngokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli.
• Yize ekuqaleni bengahlukaniseki, bangazihlukanisa futhi bathathe izakhiwo zezakhiwo nezicubu eziningana ezahlukahlukene, njengoba isidingo sivela.
• Zingafakelwa kwesinye isidalwa, lapho zizoqhubeka zihlukane ziphinde ziphindaphindwe.

Ama-stem cell angatholakala emibungwini yabantu enezinsuku ezine kuya kwezinhlanu ubudala ebizwa ngama-blastocysts. Le mibungu ivame ukutholakala ku i-in vitro kokukhulelwa. Amanye amaseli ama-stem akhona ezakhiweni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wabantu abadala, kufaka phakathi ubuchopho, igazi nesikhumba.

Ama-stem cell alele emzimbeni wabantu abadala futhi awahlukani ngaphandle kokuthi kusebenze ngomcimbi, njengokugula noma ukulimala.

Kodwa-ke, njengamaseli ama-embryonic stem, ayakwazi ukudala izicubu zezinye izitho nezakhiwo zomzimba. Zingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha noma ukuvuselela, noma ukuvuselela izicubu ezilimele.

Amaseli esiqu angakhishwa emzimbeni futhi ahlukaniswe namanye amaseli. Bese babuyiselwa emzimbeni, lapho bangaqala khona ukukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa endaweni ethintekile.

Izinzuzo ezingaba khona ze-COPD

I-COPD ibangela ushintsho olulodwa noma ngaphezulu emaphashini nasemigwaqweni yomoya:

• Amasaka omoya nemigwaqo yomoya balahlekelwa amandla abo okunweba.
• Izindonga zezikhwama zomoya ziyabhujiswa.
• Izindonga zemigwaqo yomoya ziyaqina futhi zivuthe.
• Izindlela zomoya zigcwala amafinyila.

Lezi zinguquko zinciphisa inani lomoya ongena naphuma emaphashini, uncisha umzimba umoya-mpilo odingeka kakhulu futhi kwenze kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumula.

Ama-stem cell angazuzisa abantu abane-COPD ngo:

• ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala ezindleleni zomoya, okungasiza ukuvimbela ukulimala okuqhubekayo
• ukwakha izicubu ezintsha, ezinempilo zamaphaphu, ezingasusa noma iziphi izicubu ezilimele emaphashini
• ukugqugquzela ukwakheka kwama-capillaries amasha, okuyimithambo yegazi emincane, emaphashini; lokhu kungaholela ekusebenzeni kwamaphaphu okuthuthukisiwe

Ucwaningo lwamanje

Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa (i-FDA) akuvumanga noma yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa kwama-stem cell zabantu abane-COPD, futhi izivivinyo zokwelashwa azikadluli ngaphezu kwesigaba II.

Isigaba II yilapho abacwaningi bezama khona ukufunda kabanzi ngokuthi ngabe ukwelashwa kuyasebenza yini kanye nemiphumela yako emibi. Kuze kube yisigaba III lapho ukwelashwa okukhulunywa ngako kuqhathaniswa neminye imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isimo esifanayo.

Ezilwaneni

Ezifundweni zangaphambi komtholampilo ezibandakanya izilwane, uhlobo lwe-stem cell olwaziwa ngokuthi i-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) noma i-mesenchymal stromal cell luye lwathembisa kakhulu. Ama-MSC angamaseli wezicubu ezihlanganayo angaguquka abe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaseli, kusuka kumaseli amathambo kuye kumaseli anamafutha.

Ngokuya ngokubuyekezwa kwezincwadi zango-2018, amagundane namagundane abebezofakelwa ama-MSCs ngokuvamile abahlangabezana nokukhuliswa kokuncishiswa komoya nokuvuvukala. Ukwandiswa kwe-airspace kungumphumela we-COPD, kanye ne-emphysema ikakhulukazi, kuchitha izindonga zezikhwama zomoya zamaphaphu.

Kubantu

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kubantu kusamele kuveze imiphumela emihle efanayo ebonwe ezilwaneni.

Abaphenyi bathi lokhu kunezici eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Izifundo zangaphambi komtholampilo zazisebenzisa kakhulu izilwane ezinesifo esifana ne-COPD esifana nesakho, kuyilapho izivivinyo zomtholampilo zibheke abantu abane-COPD elinganiselayo.
• Izilwane zithole amanani aphakeme ama-MSC, ahlobene nezisindo zomzimba wazo, kunabantu. Lokho kushiwo, izifundo zokwelashwa zezinye izimo ziphakamisa ukuthi imithamo ephakeme yamaseli we-stem ayiholeli njalo emiphumeleni engcono.
• Kukhona ukungahambelani ezinhlotsheni zama-MSC asetshenzisiwe. Isibonelo, ezinye izifundo zisebenzise ama-stem cell afriziwe noma asanda kuncibilikiswa kanti amanye asebenzise amasha.

Yize bungekho ubufakazi obuqinile okwamanje bokuthi ukwelashwa kwama-stem cell kungayithuthukisa impilo yabantu abane-COPD, futhi abukho nobufakazi obuqinile bokuthi ukufakwa kwamaseli we-stem akuphephile.

Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka kulokhu, ngethemba lokuthi izivivinyo zokwelashwa eziklanywe ngokucophelela zizoveza imiphumela ehlukile.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Abaphenyi bacabanga ukuthi ama-stem cells angasetshenziswa ngelinye ilanga ukukhiqiza amaphaphu amasha, anempilo kubantu abanezifo ezingalapheki zamaphaphu. Kungathatha iminyaka eminingana yocwaningo ngaphambi kokuzama ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell kubantu abane-COPD.

Kodwa-ke, uma lokhu kwelashwa kuphumelela, abantu abane-COPD kungenzeka bangabe besadlula ekuhlinzweni kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu okubuhlungu futhi okuyingozi. Kungase kuvule nendlela yokuthola ikhambi le-COPD.