Ama-steroid we-COPD

-Delile

• Ama-steroids omlomo
• Izinzuzo
• Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
• Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
• I-steroids engatholakali
• Izinzuzo
• Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
• Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
• Inhalers yenhlanganisela
• Izinzuzo
• Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
• Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
• Izingozi nezixwayiso
• Eminye imithi ye-COPD
• Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lwe-COPD
• Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu
• Ukuyeka ukubhema
• Indlela yokuphila enempilo
• Okubalulekile

Ukubuka konke

Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD) igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izimo ezimbalwa zamaphaphu ezinzima. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-emphysema, i-bronchitis engalapheki, nesifuba somoya esingalungiseki.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-COPD yilezi:

• ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza
• isifuba
• ukukhwehlela
• i-mucus ezindleleni zakho zomoya

Ngenkathi lingekho ikhambi le-COPD, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi ezingahle zehlise ukuqina kwezimpawu.

Ama-steroid aphakathi kwemithi ejwayele ukunikezwa abantu abane-COPD. Basiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emaphashini akho okubangelwa ukuqhuma.

Ama-steroid eza ngezindlela zomlomo neziphefumulwayo. Kukhona nemithi ehlanganisiwe efaka i-steroid nomunye umuthi. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-steroid lusebenza ngokuhlukile okuncane ekulawuleni noma ekuvimbeleni ukuqhuma kwezimpawu.

Ama-steroids omlomo

Ngokuvamile uzosebenzisa ama-steroids ngephilisi noma ngefomu eliwuketshezi ukwenza i-flare-up elinganiselayo noma ebucayi, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukukhushulwa okukhulu.

Le mithi esebenza ngomlomo esebenza ngokushesha ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana, imvamisa izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa. Umthamo wakho uzoncika ebukhulwini bezimpawu zakho, amandla omuthi othize, nezinye izinto.

Isibonelo, umthamo wabantu abadala we-prednisone ungaba kusuka kuma-milligram ama-5 kuye kwangama-60 (mg) nsuku zonke.

Imithi kadokotela nezinye izinqumo zokwelashwa kufanele njalo zenziwe ngazodwana.

Phakathi kwe-steroids yomlomo ebekwa ngokujwayelekile ye-COPD yile:

• i-prednisone (Prednisone Intensol, Rayos)
• i-hydrocortisone (Cortef)
• i-prednisolone (yenziwe ngaphambili)
• i-methylprednisolone (Medrol)
• i-dexamethasone (i-Dexamethasone Intensol)

I-Prednisone ne-prednisolone zibhekwa njengezidakamizwa ezingekho kwelebuli zokwelapha i-COPD.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho kwelebula kusho ukuthi umuthi ovunyelwe yi-FDA ngenhloso eyodwa usetshenziselwa injongo eyehlukile engavunyelwe. Kodwa-ke, udokotela usengasisebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa ngaleyo njongo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-FDA ilawula ukuhlolwa nokuvunywa kwezidakamizwa, kodwa hhayi ukuthi odokotela bazisebenzisa kanjani izidakamizwa ukwelapha iziguli zabo. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho angakunikeza umuthi kodwa bacabanga ukuthi kungcono kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwakho. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho kwelebula.

Izinzuzo

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-steroids yomlomo ivame ukukusiza ukuthi uqale ukuphefumula ngokushesha okukhulu.

Zibuye zivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esifushane. Lokhu kukwenza ube mancane amathuba okuba nezinkinga ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside komuthi.

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo

Imiphumela emibi evela ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhashana kwe-steroids imvamisa imincane, uma kwenzeka nhlobo. Kubandakanya:

• ukugcinwa kwamanzi
• ukuvuvukala, imvamisa kusezandleni nasezinyaweni zakho
• ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi
• ukushintsha kwemizwelo

Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwale mithi kungaphakamisa ingozi yakho:

• isifo sikashukela
• ngamehlo
• i-osteoporosis, noma ukulahleka kwesisindo samathambo
• ukutheleleka

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela

I-Oral steroids inganciphisa amasosha akho omzimba. Qaphela ikakhulukazi ukugeza izandla zakho futhi unciphise ukuvezwa kwakho kubantu abangahle batheleleke kalula.

Imithi ingasiza futhi ekuqandeni amathambo, ngakho-ke udokotela wakho angakweluleka ukuthi ukwandise uvithamini D wakho kanye nokudla kwe-calcium noma uqale ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukulwa nokulahleka kwamathambo.

Ama-steroids omlomo kufanele athathwe nokudla.

I-steroids engatholakali

Ungasebenzisa i-inhaler ukuletha i-steroids ngqo emaphashini akho. Ngokungafani ne-steroids yomlomo, i-steroids ehogelwayo ijwayele ukuba ngcono kakhulu kubantu abanezimpawu ezizinzile.

Ungasebenzisa futhi i-nebulizer. Lo ngumshini oguqula umuthi ube yinkungu enhle ye-aerosol. Ibese ipompa inkungu ngeshubhu eliguquguqukayo futhi ifake imaski oyigqoka emakhaleni nasemlonyeni.

I-steroids engatholakali ivame ukusetshenziswa njengemithi yesondlo ukugcina izimpawu zilawulwa isikhathi eside. Imithamo ilinganiswa ngama-micrograms (mcg). Imithamo ejwayelekile isukela kuma-40 mcg ngokukhukhumala kusuka ku-inhaler kuye kuma-250 mcg ngokudonsa ngakunye.

Amanye ama-steroids adonswayo agxilwe kakhulu futhi anamandla ukuze akwazi ukusiza ukulawula izimpawu ze-COPD eziphambili kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezinamandla ze-COPD zingalawulwa ngemithamo ebuthakathaka.

Izibonelo ze-steroids ezithathwa ngaphakathi ze-COPD zifaka:

• i-beclomethasone dipropionate (Qvar Redihaler)
• i-budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler)
• i-ciclesonide (Alvesco)
• i-flunisolide (i-Aerospan)
• i-fluticasone propionate (i-Flovent)
• i-mometasone (Asmanex)

Lawa ma-steroids adonswayo awavunyelwe yi-FDA ukwelapha i-COPD kepha angasetshenziswa njengengxenye yezinhlelo ezithile zokwelashwa. Imikhiqizo yokuhlanganiswa echazwe ngezansi isetshenziswa kakhulu.

Izinzuzo

Uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kancane kancane, i-steroids ephefumulelwe ingabasiza ukuba bangathuthuki ngokushesha okukhulu. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi nabo banganciphisa inani lezikhukhula ezinzima ohlangabezana nazo.

Uma i-asthma iyingxenye ye-COPD yakho, i-inhaler ingasiza kakhulu.

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ye-steroids ehogelwayo ifaka umphimbo obuhlungu nokukhwehlela, kanye nokutheleleka emlonyeni wakho.

Kukhona nobungozi obandayo be-pneumonia ngokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-steroids emuncwe.

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela

Ama-steroids angenayo awahloselwe ukukhululeka okusheshayo kusuka ekuqhumeni kwe-COPD. Kulezi zimo, umuthi ohogelwayo obizwa nge-bronchodilator ungasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhwehlela futhi kukusize ubambe umoya wakho.

Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka ngomlomo, hlambulula umlomo wakho bese ugaxeka ngamanzi ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-inhaler.

Inhalers yenhlanganisela

Ama-steroid nawo angahlanganiswa nama-bronchodilators. Le yimithi esiza ukukhulula imisipha ezungeze umoya wakho.Imithi ehlukahlukene esetshenziswa kwinhlanganisela ye-inhaler ingakhomba ezindleleni ezinkulu noma ezincane.

Amanye ama-inhalers ajwayelekile wokuhlanganisa afaka:

• i-albuterol ne-ipratropium bromide (i-Combivent Respimat)
• i-fluticasone-salmeterol inhalation powder (Advair Diskus)
• i-budesonide-formoterol inhalation powder (Symbicort)
• i-fluticasone-umeclidinium-vilanterol (iTrelegy Ellipta)
• i-fluticasone-vilanterol (uBreo Ellipta)
• i-mometasone-formoterol inhalation powder (i-Dulera), engeyona ilebula yalokhu kusetshenziswa

Izinzuzo

Ama-inhalers okuhlanganiswa asebenza ngokushesha ukumisa ukuqhuma nokukhwehlela, nokusiza ukuvula imigwaqo yomoya yokuphefumula kalula. Amanye ama-inhalers okuhlanganiswa aklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngalezo zinzuzo isikhathi eside ngemuva kokusetshenziswa.

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokuhlanganiswa kwama-inhaler afaka:

• ukukhwehlela nokuhefuzela
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• uvalo
• isicanucanu
• ikhanda
• isiyezi
• ukutheleleka emphinjeni noma emlonyeni

Shayela ihhovisi likadokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nalezi noma eminye imiphumela emibi ngemuva kokuqala inhlanganisela ye-inhaler (noma yimuphi umuthi). Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula noma unezinhlungu esifubeni, shayela ku-911 noma funa usizo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela

Imiphumela emihle ivela uma uthatha umuthi wokuhlanganiswa nsuku zonke, noma ngabe izimpawu zakho zilawulwa. Ukuma ngokuzumayo kungaholela ezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu.

Njengase-inhaler ejwayelekile ye-steroid, ukusetshenziswa kwenhlanganisela ye-inhaler kufanele kulandelwe ngomlomo ogeza ukuze usize ukuvikela ukutheleleka emlonyeni wakho.

Izingozi nezixwayiso

Ama-steroid nganoma iyiphi indlela abeka ingozi uma esetshenziswa isikhathi eside.

I-Steroids nayo ingaxhumana neminye imithi. Ukuxuba i-prednisone nama-painkillers afana ne-aspirin (Bayer) noma i-ibuprofen (i-Advil, iMidol), kungakhuphula ingozi yezilonda nokopha esiswini.

Ukuthatha ama-NSAID kanye ne-steroids ndawonye isikhathi eside nakho kungadala ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, okukubeka engcupheni yezinkinga zenhliziyo nezinso.

Udinga ukwazisa udokotela wakho yonke imithi nezithako ozithathayo ukuze zikwazise ngokusebenzisana okungenzeka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ongazithatha ngezikhathi ezithile ukuphathwa ikhanda.

Eminye imithi ye-COPD

Ngaphezu kwama-steroids kanye nama-bronchodilators, eminye imithi ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqhuma nokulawula izimpawu.

Phakathi kwabo kukhona i-phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors. Basiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala futhi baphumule izindlela zomoya. Ziwusizo ikakhulukazi kubantu abane-bronchitis.

Ungase futhi unikezwe ama-antibiotic uma une-bacterial infection eyenza izimpawu zakho ze-COPD zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ama-antibiotic angasiza futhi ekulawuleni ukukhushulwa okunamandla, kepha awenzelwe ukulawula izimpawu zesikhathi eside.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lwe-COPD

Ama-steroid neminye imishanguzo kuyizingxenye zendlela yokwelapha jikelele i-COPD. Ungadinga futhi ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo.

Ngosizo lwamathangi oksijini aphathekayo nalula, ungaphefumula umoya-mpilo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi umzimba wakho uthola okwanele. Abanye abantu bathembela ekwelashweni komoya-mpilo lapho belele. Abanye bayayisebenzisa lapho bekhuthele emini.

Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu

Uma usanda kuthola ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD, ungadinga ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu. Lolu uhlelo lwemfundo olukusiza ukuthi ufunde ngokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukondleka, kanye nezinye izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ongazenza ukuze uthuthukise impilo yakho yamaphaphu.

Ukuyeka ukubhema

Enye yezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazithatha uma ubhema ukuyeka ukubhema. Ukubhema kuyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-COPD, ngakho-ke ukuyeka lo mkhuba kubalulekile ekwehliseni izimpawu nasekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kwalesi simo esisongela impilo.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemikhiqizo nangezindlela zokwelapha ezingakusiza uyeke.

Indlela yokuphila enempilo

Ukwehlisa isisindo nokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke nakho kuyanconywa ukusiza ukunciphisa izimpawu.

Ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo futhi esebenzayo ngeke kuyelaphe i-COPD, kepha kuzokusiza ukuthi uthuthukise impilo yamaphaphu futhi kukhulise namandla akho.

Okubalulekile

I-COPD iyinselele enkulu yezempilo. Kodwa-ke, uma ulandela imiyalo kadokotela wakho futhi wenze izinguquko ezidingekayo empilweni yakho, unganweba impilo yakho yokuphefumula kanye nekhwalithi yakho yokuphila.