Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Nge-Stroke

-Delile

• Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi
• Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi kwabesifazane
• Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi emadodeni
• Izinhlobo zesifo sohlangothi
• Ischemic stroke
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic kwesikhashana (i-TIA)
• Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu
• Yini ebangela isifo sohlangothi?
• Izici zobungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi
• Ukudla
• Ukungasebenzi
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi
• Isizinda somuntu siqu
• Umlando wezempilo
• Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sohlangothi
• Uvivinyo lokuthola imivimbo
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI ne-CT
• EKG
• I-angiogram yobuchopho
• I-Carotid ultrasound
• I-Echocardiogram
• Ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi
• Ischemic stroke ne-TIA
• Ama-antiplatelet nama-anticoagulants
• Izidakamizwa zokwephula izingubo
• I-mechanical thrombectomy
• Ama-stents
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu
• Imithi
• Ukugoqa
• Ukubamba
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Imithi yesifo sohlangothi
• Ukululama kohlangothi
• Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo
• Ukuthola amakhono wezinzwa
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba
• Ungasinqanda kanjani isifo sohlangothi
• Ukuthatha

Yini isifo sohlangothi?

Ukushaywa unhlangothi kwenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni uqhekeka futhi wopha, noma lapho kukhona ukuvinjelwa ekunikezelweni kwegazi ebuchosheni. Ukuqhekeka noma ukuvinjelwa kuvimbela igazi ne-oxygen ekufinyeleleni ezicutshini zobuchopho.

Ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), isifo sohlangothi siyimbangela yokufa kwabantu eMelika. Njalo ngonyaka, ngaphezu kwabantu base-U.S. Banesifo sohlangothi.

Ngaphandle komoya-mpilo, amaseli obuchopho nezicubu ziyalimala bese ziqala ukufa kungakapheli mizuzu. Bheka ukuthi umzimba unomphumela onjani wohlangothi.

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi

Ukulahleka kokugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni kulimaza izicubu ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zivela ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezilawulwa yizindawo ezilimele zobuchopho.

Ngokushesha lapho umuntu ophethwe yisifo sohlangothi ethola ukunakekelwa, imiphumela yabo ingaba ngcono kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyasiza ukwazi izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha. Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zingabandakanya:

• ukukhubazeka
• ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka engalweni, ebusweni nasemlenzeni, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba
• ukukhuluma ngenkinga noma ukuqonda inkulumo
• ukudideka
• inkulumo exegayo
• izinkinga zombono, njengokukhathazeka ukubona kwelinye noma womabili amehlo ngombono omnyama noma ukufiphala, noma umbono ophindwe kabili
• ukuhamba kanzima
• ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi noma ukuxhumanisa
• isiyezi
• ezinzima, ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo ngesizathu esingaziwa

Isifo sohlangothi sidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma omunye umuntu unesifo sohlangothi, funa othile abize u-911 ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungukhiye ekuvimbeleni imiphumela elandelayo:

• ukulimala kwengqondo
• ukukhubazeka isikhathi eside
• ukufa

Kungcono ukuphepha kunokuzisola lapho ubhekene nesifo sohlangothi, ngakho-ke ungesabi ukushayela u-911 uma ucabanga ukuthi uyazibona izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi. Yenza ngokushesha futhi ufunde ukubona izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi.

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi kwabesifazane

I-Stroke iyimbangela yokufa kwabesifazane base-U.S. Abesifazane banobungozi obuphakeme kakhulu bokuphila unhlangothi kunokuba nesifo sohlangothi kunabesilisa.

Ngenkathi ezinye izibonakaliso ze-stroke zifana nakwabesifazane nakwabesilisa, ezinye zivame kakhulu kwabesifazane.

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi ezenzeka kaningi kwabesifazane zifaka:

• isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• ukusangana
• ubuhlungu
• ubuthakathaka jikelele
• ukuphelelwa umoya noma ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukuquleka noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• isithuthwane
• ukudideka, ukudideka, noma ukungaphenduli
• izinguquko zokuziphatha okungazelelwe, ikakhulukazi ukukhushulwa okwandayo

Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthi babulawe yisifo sohlangothi kunabesilisa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ukwazi ukukhomba unhlangothi ngokushesha okukhulu. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokubona izimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi kwabesifazane.

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi emadodeni

Unhlangothi uyimbangela yokufa emadodeni. Abesilisa basengozini yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi eminyakeni yabo emincane kunabesifazane, kodwa mancane amathuba okuthi bafe kuso, ngokusho kwe-.

Abesilisa nabesifazane bangaba nezimpawu ezifanayo zesifo sohlangothi (bheka ngenhla). Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zenzeka kaningi emadodeni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukujula ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso noma ukumamatheka okungalingani
• inkulumo engacacile, ubunzima bokukhuluma, nenkinga yokuqonda enye inkulumo
• ubuthakathaka bengalo noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba

Yize ezinye izimpawu zingahluka phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane, kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukuthi bobabili bakwazi ukubona isifo sohlangothi kusenesikhathi futhi bathole usizo. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi emadodeni.

Izinhlobo zesifo sohlangothi

Ukushaywa unhlangothi kwehlela ezigabeni ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-trioent ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic stroke, kanye ne-hemorrhagic stroke. Lezi zigaba ziphinde zihlukaniswe nezinye izinhlobo zemivimbo, kufaka phakathi:

• unhlangothi embolic
• unhlangothi thrombotic
• unhlangothi intracerebral
• unhlangothi subarachnoid

Uhlobo lwe-stroke onalo luthinta inqubo yakho yokwelashwa nokutakula. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemivimbo.

Ischemic stroke

Ngesikhathi sokushaywa yischemic, imithambo ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni iyancipha noma ivaleke. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kubangelwa amahlule egazi noma ukugeleza kwegazi okunciphe kakhulu. Zingabangelwa futhi yizicucu zoqweqwe ngenxa yokuqaqamba kwemithambo yegazi nokuqaqeka komthambo wegazi.

Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zemivimbo ye-ischemic yi-thrombotic ne-embolic. Ukushaywa yisifo sokuqaqamba komzimba kwenzeka lapho amahlule egazi akha komunye wemithambo ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni. Ihlule lidlula emgudwini wegazi bese lingena, okuvimba ukuhamba kwegazi. Ukushaywa yisimo okuyimbumba kulapho kuvela khona igazi noma enye imfucumfucu kwenye ingxenye yomzimba bese iya ebuchosheni.

Ngokwe-CDC, imivimbo imivimbo ye-ischemic. Thola ukuthi kungani imivimbo ye-ischemic yenzeka.

Isifo sohlangothi

Ukushaywa ngomzimba kungenye yezinhlobo ezimbili zemivimbo ye-ischemic. Kwenzeka lapho ihlule legazi lakha kwenye ingxenye yomzimba - imvamisa inhliziyo noma imithambo esifubeni nasentanyeni ephezulu - futhi lihamba ngokuhamba kwegazi liye ebuchosheni. Ihlwili linamathela emithanjeni yobuchopho, lapho limisa khona ukuhamba kwegazi futhi lidale unhlangothi.

Ukushaywa yisifo okungumbungu kungaba ngumphumela wesimo senhliziyo. I-Atrial fibrillation, uhlobo oluvamile lokushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile, ingadala amahlule egazi enhliziyweni. Lawa mahlule angahle asuse futhi ahambe phakathi kwegazi aye ebuchosheni. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukushaywa yizimpawu kanye nezimpawu ezingazibangela.

Ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic kwesikhashana (i-TIA)

Ukuhlaselwa kweschemic okudlulayo, okuvame ukubizwa nge-TIA noma i-ministroke, kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni kuvinjelwe okwesikhashana. Izimpawu, ezifana nokushaywa unhlangothi ngokugcwele, ngokwesikhashana ziyanyamalala ngemuva kwemizuzu noma amahora ambalwa.

I-TIA ivame ukubangelwa ihlule legazi. Isebenza njengesixwayiso sohlangothi oluzayo, ngakho-ke ungayinaki i-TIA. Funa ukwelashwa okufanayo ongakufuna ngesifo sohlangothi esikhulu bese ushayela u-911.

Ngokwe-CDC, kubantu abahlangabezana ne-TIA futhi abangayitholi imishanguzo banesifo sohlangothi esikhulu kungakapheli unyaka. Kuze kube kubantu abathola i-TIA banesifo sohlangothi esikhulu ezinyangeni ezintathu. Nakhu ukuthi ungawaqonda kanjani ama-TIA nokuthi ungasinqanda kanjani isifo sohlangothi esibi kakhulu ngokuzayo.

Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu

Ukushaywa yisifo esopha kakhulu kwenzeka lapho umthambo ebuchosheni uqhekeka uvuleke noma uvuza igazi. Igazi elivela kulowo mthambo lidala ingcindezi eyeqile kogebhezi futhi livuvukele ubuchopho, lilimaze amangqamuzana obuchopho nezicubu.

Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zemivimbo eyopha kakhulu yi-intracerebral ne-subarachnoid. I-intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sohlangothi, kwenzeka lapho izicubu ezizungeze ubuchopho zigcwala igazi ngemuva kokuqhuma komthambo. I-subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke ayijwayelekile kakhulu. Kubanga ukopha endaweni phakathi kobuchopho nezicubu ezikumbozayo.

Ngokusho kwe-American Heart Association, amaphesenti angaba ngu-13 okushaywa unhlangothi aphuma kakhulu. Funda kabanzi ngezimbangela zesifo sohlangothi, kanye nokwelashwa nokuvimbela.

Yini ebangela isifo sohlangothi?

Imbangela yesifo sohlangothi incike ohlotsheni lwesifo sohlangothi. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokushaywa unhlangothi ukuhlaselwa yischemic transient (TIA), ischemic stroke, kanye ne-hemorrhagic stroke.

I-TIA idalwa ukuvinjelwa kwesikhashana emthanjeni okuholela ebuchosheni. Ukuvinjelwa, imvamisa ihlule legazi, kumisa igazi ukuba lingagxili liye ezingxenyeni ezithile zobuchopho. I-TIA ijwayele ukuhlala imizuzu embalwa kuze kufike emahoreni ambalwa, bese ukuvinjelwa kuhamba nokunyakaza kwegazi kuyabuyiselwa.

Njenge-TIA, isifo sohlangothi esibuhlungu sibangelwa ukuvimba umthambo okuholela ebuchosheni. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kungaba yindlala yegazi, noma kungabangelwa yi-atherosclerosis. Ngalesi simo, uqweqwe (into enamafutha) luyanda ezindongeni zesitsha segazi. Ucezu lwengcwecwe lungaphuka futhi lungene emthanjeni, luvimbele ukuphuma kwegazi futhi lubangele isifo sohlangothi.

I-stroke esopha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sidalwa ukuqhuma noma ukuvuza kwegazi. Igazi lingena noma lizungeze izicubu zobuchopho, lidale ingcindezi futhi lilimaze amaseli obuchopho.

Kunezimbangela ezimbili ezingaba khona zesifo sohlangothi. I-aneurysm (ingxenye ebuthakathaka, ejiyile yomthambo wegazi) ingadalwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme futhi ingaholela ekuqhumeni kwegazi. Ngaphansi kokujwayelekile, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-arteriovenous malformation, okuwukuxhumeka okungavamile phakathi kwemithambo yakho nemithambo yegazi, kungaholela ekuphumeni kwegazi ebuchosheni. Qhubeka ufunda ngezimbangela zezinhlobo ezahlukene zemivimbo.

Izici zobungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi

Izici ezithile zobungozi zikwenza uthambekele ekushayweni unhlangothi. Ngokuya ngezici zobungozi onazo, maningi amathuba okuthi ube nohlangothi. Izingozi zobungozi zifaka:

Ukudla

Ukudla okungenampilo okwandisa ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi kuphezulu lapho:

• usawoti
• amafutha agcwele
• Amafutha we-trans
• cholesterol

Ukungasebenzi

Ukungasebenzi, noma ukuntuleka kokuvivinya umzimba, nakho kungakhuphula ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi.

Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kunezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo. I-CDC incoma ukuthi abantu abadala bathole okungenani ukuvivinya umzimba ngeviki. Lokhu kungasho ukumane uhambe ngokushesha izikhathi ezimbalwa ngesonto.

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala

Ingozi yakho yokushaywa unhlangothi iyakhuphuka uma uphuza kakhulu utshwala. Ukuphuza utshwala kufanele kwenziwe ngokulinganisela. Lokhu kusho ukuphuza okungaphezu kwesisodwa ngosuku kwabesifazane, futhi hhayi okungaphezu kwamabili kwabesilisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho kungakhuphula amazinga omfutho wegazi kanye namazinga e-triglyceride, angadala i-atherosclerosis.

Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi

Ukusebenzisa ugwayi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo kukhulisa nengozi yokushaywa unhlangothi, ngoba kungalimaza imithambo yegazi nenhliziyo yakho. Lokhu kuyanda lapho ubhema, ngoba umfutho wegazi uyakhuphuka uma usebenzisa i-nicotine.

Isizinda somuntu siqu

Kunezici ezithile zobungozi bomuntu siqu zesifo sohlangothi ongeke ukwazi ukuzilawula. Ubungozi besifo sohlangothi bungaxhunyaniswa ne:

• Umlando womndeni. Ingcuphe yokushaywa unhlangothi iphakeme kweminye imindeni ngenxa yezinkinga zezempilo zofuzo, ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Ucansi. Ngokusho kuka, ngenkathi bobabili abesifazane nabesilisa bengaba nohlangothi, bavame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa kuyo yonke iminyaka yobudala.
• Ubudala. Uma ukhulile, maningi amathuba okuthi ube nesifo sohlangothi.
• Ubuhlanga nobuzwe. Abantu baseCaucasus, abaseMelika baseMelika nabaseSpain abanamathuba amancane okuba nesifo sohlangothi kunama-Afrika aseMelika, ama-Alaska aboMdabu kanye namaNdiya aseMelika.

Umlando wezempilo

Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zixhunyaniswe nengozi yokushaywa unhlangothi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• isifo sohlangothi esedlule noma i-TIA
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• cholesterol ephezulu
• ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, njenge-coronary artery disease
• ukukhubazeka kwe-valve yenhliziyo
• amakamelo enhliziyo akhulisiwe nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• isifo se-sickle cell
• isifo sikashukela

Ukuze uthole ngezici ezithile zobungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Okwamanje, thola ukuthi yini ongayenza ukunciphisa ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sohlangothi

Udokotela wakho uzokubuza noma ilungu lomndeni mayelana nezimpawu zakho nokuthi wenzani lapho zivela. Bazothatha umlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuthola izici zakho zobungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi. Bazophinda futhi:

• buza ukuthi imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo
• hlola umfutho wegazi lakho
• Lalela inhliziyo yakho

Futhi uzoba nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, lapho udokotela ezokuhlolela khona:

• ibhalansi
• ukuxhumanisa
• ubuthakathaka
• ukuba ndikindiki ezingalweni, ebusweni, noma emilenzeni
• izimpawu zokudideka
• izingqinamba zombono

Udokotela wakho uzobe esenza izivivinyo ezithile. Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola ukutholakala kwesifo sohlangothi. Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza odokotela ukunquma:

• uma ngabe unestroke
• okungenzeka ukuthi kubangelwe yini
• iyiphi ingxenye yobuchopho ethintekayo
• noma ngabe wopha ebuchosheni

Lezi zivivinyo zinganquma nokuthi izimpawu zakho zibangelwa yini enye into.

Uvivinyo lokuthola imivimbo

Ungaqhubeka nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ukuze uqhubeke nokusiza udokotela wakho anqume ukuthi ngabe uke washaywa unhlangothi, noma ukukhipha esinye isimo. Lezi zivivinyo zifaka:

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Udokotela wakho angadonsa igazi ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunganquma:

• amazinga kashukela egazini lakho
• uma unesifo
• amazinga akho eplatelet
• igazi lakho ligijima ngokushesha okungakanani

Ukuskena kwe-MRI ne-CT

Ungahle uthwebule noma uskene kokubili i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) kanye ne-computerised tomography (CT) scan.

I-MRI izosiza ukubona ukuthi ngabe kukhona izicubu zobuchopho noma amaseli obuchopho alimele. Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kuzohlinzeka ngesithombe esinemininingwane nesicacile sobuchopho bakho esibonisa noma yikuphi ukopha noma ukulimala ebuchosheni. Kungakhombisa nezinye izimo zobuchopho ezingadala izimpawu zakho.

EKG

Udokotela wakho angalawula i-electrocardiogram (EKG), futhi. Lesi sivivinyo esilula siqopha umsebenzi kagesi enhliziyweni, silinganisa isigqi saso futhi siqophe ukuthi sishaya ngokushesha kangakanani. Inganquma ukuthi ngabe unezimo zenhliziyo okungenzeka eziholele ekushayweni unhlangothi, njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma i-atrial fibrillation.

I-angiogram yobuchopho

Olunye uvivinyo udokotela wakho angaluyalela ukunquma ukuthi ngabe uke waba nesifo sohlangothi yi-angiogram yobuchopho. Lokhu kunikeza ukubukeka okuningiliziwe kwemithambo esentanyeni yakho nasebuchosheni. Ukuhlolwa kungakhombisa ukuvinjelwa noma amahlule okungenzeka ukuthi kubangele izimpawu.

I-Carotid ultrasound

I-carotid ultrasound, ebizwa nangokuthi i-carotid duplex scan, ingakhombisa okunamafutha (i-plaque) emithanjeni yakho ye-carotid, enikeza igazi ebusweni bakho, entanyeni nasebuchosheni. Ingakhombisa nokuthi imithambo yakho ye-carotid incishisiwe noma ivinjiwe.

I-Echocardiogram

I-echocardiogram ingathola imithombo yamahlule enhliziyweni yakho. Lawa mahlule kungenzeka ukuthi aye ebuchosheni bakho futhi adala isifo sohlangothi.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi

Ukuhlolwa okufanele kwezokwelapha nokwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile ukuze ululame kohlangothi. Ngokusho kwe-American Heart Association, "Isikhathi esilahlekile silahlekile ebuchosheni." Shayela u-911 ngokushesha nje lapho uqaphela ukuthi ungahle ube nesifo sohlangothi, noma uma usola ukuthi othandekayo unesifo sohlangothi.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi kuncike ohlotsheni lwesifo sohlangothi:

Ischemic stroke ne-TIA

Lezi zinhlobo zokushaywa unhlangothi zidalwa ihlule legazi noma okunye ukuvimba ebuchosheni. Ngaleso sizathu, baphathwa kakhulu ngamasu afanayo, afaka:

Ama-antiplatelet nama-anticoagulants

I-aspirin engaphezulu kwekhawunta ngokuvamile iyindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela ekulimaleni kohlangothi. Izidakamizwa ze-Anticoagulant kanye ne-antiplatelet kufanele zithathwe kungakapheli amahora angama-24 kuye kwangama-48 ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi.

Izidakamizwa zokwephula izingubo

Izidakamizwa ze-thrombolytic zingabhidliza amahlule egazini emithanjeni yobuchopho bakho, okusamisa ukunqamuka nokunciphisa ukulimala ebuchosheni.

Esinye sezidakamizwa, i-activator ye-tissue plasminogen (tPA), noma i-Alteplase IV r-tPA, sithathwa njengezinga legolide ekwelashweni kwe-ischemic stroke. Isebenza ngokuqeda amahlule egazi ngokushesha, uma ilethwa kungakapheli amahora amathathu kuya kwayi-4,5 emva kokuqala kwezimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi. Abantu abathola umjovo we-tPA maningi amathuba okuthi balulame ekushayweni unhlangothi, futhi mancane amathuba okuthi babe nokukhubazeka okuhlala njalo ngenxa yohlangothi.

I-mechanical thrombectomy

Phakathi nale nqubo, udokotela ufaka i-catheter emthanjeni omkhulu wegazi ngaphakathi kwekhanda lakho. Bese basebenzisa ithuluzi ukukhipha amahlwili emkhunjini. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuphumelela kakhulu uma kwenziwa emahoreni ayisithupha kuya kwangu-24 ngemuva kokuqala kwesifo.

Ama-stents

Uma udokotela wakho ethola lapho izindonga zomthambo ziye zancipha khona, bangenza inqubo yokufaka umthambo omncane futhi basekele izindonga zomthambo nge-stent.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ezimweni ezingavamile ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingasebenzi, udokotela wakho angenza ukuhlinzwa ukuze asuse ihlule legazi namacwecwe emithanjeni yakho. Lokhu kungenziwa nge-catheter, noma uma i-clot inkulu kakhulu, udokotela wakho angavula umthambo ukususa ukuvinjelwa.

Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu

Ukushaywa unhlangothi okubangelwa ukopha noma ukuvuza ebuchosheni kudinga amasu ahlukene okwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kwesifo esibuhlungu kubandakanya:

Imithi

Ngokungafani nesifo sohlangothi esibuhlungu, uma unesifo sohlangothi esibuhlungu, umgomo wokwelashwa ukwenza igazi lakho lijiye. Ngakho-ke, unganikezwa umuthi wokulwa nanoma yibaphi abanciphisa igazi obathathayo.

Ungahle unikezwe nemithi enganciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi, yehlise ingcindezi ebuchosheni bakho, ivimbele ukuquleka, futhi ivimbele ukucinana kwemithambo yegazi.

Ukugoqa

Phakathi nale nqubo, udokotela wakho uqondisa ithubhu ende endaweni yokopha noma isitsha segazi esibuthakathaka. Bese befaka insimbi efana nekhoyili endaweni lapho udonga lwe-artery lubuthaka khona. Lokhu kuvimba ukugeleza kwegazi kuya endaweni, kunciphise ukopha.

Ukubamba

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-imaging, udokotela wakho angathola i-aneurysm engakaqali ukopha okwamanje noma eyekile. Ukuvimbela ukopha okwengeziwe, udokotela ohlinzayo angafaka isibopho esincane ngaphansi kwe-aneurysm. Lokhu kunciphisa ukunikezwa kwegazi futhi kuvimbele ukopha kwegazi okungenzeka kuphukile noma ukuphuma kwegazi okusha.

Ukuhlinzwa

Uma udokotela wakho ebona ukuthi i-aneurysm iqhume, bangenza ukuhlinzwa ukuze banqume i-aneurysm futhi bavimbele ukopha okwengeziwe. Ngokufanayo, i-craniotomy ingadingeka ukudambisa ingcindezi ebuchosheni ngemuva kwesifo esikhulu.

Ngokungeziwe ekwelashweni okuphuthumayo, abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo bazokweluleka ngezindlela zokuvikela unhlangothi ozayo. Ufuna ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi nezindlela zokuzivikela? Chofoza lapha.

Imithi yesifo sohlangothi

Imithi eminingana isetshenziselwa ukwelapha imivimbo. Uhlobo udokotela wakho akubeka ngalo lincike kakhulu ohlotsheni lwesifo sohlangothi obukade unaso. Umgomo weminye imithi ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi sesibili, kanti ezinye zihlose ukuvimbela ukuthi isifo sohlangothi singenzeki kwasekuqaleni.

Imithi ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ihlanganisa:

• I-activator ye-Tissue plasminogen (tPA). Le mithi yezimo eziphuthumayo ingahlinzekwa ngesikhathi sokushaywa yisifo sokuqaqamba kwegazi elibangela unhlangothi. Yimithi kuphela ekhona njengamanje engenza lokhu, kepha kufanele inikezwe kungakapheli amahora amathathu kuya kwayi-4,5 emva kokuqala kwezimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi. Lesi sidakamizwa sijojelwa emthanjeni wegazi ukuze umuthi uqale ukusebenza ngokushesha okukhulu, okunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezivela kohlangothi.
• Ama-anticoagulants. Le mithi yehlisa amandla wegazi lakho lokugcwala. I-anticoagulant ejwayelekile kakhulu yi-warfarin (Jantoven, Coumadin). Le mithi futhi ingavimbela amahlule egazi akhona ukuthi akhule abe makhulu, yingakho engabekwa ukuthi avimbele isifo sohlangothi, noma ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sokushaywa yischemic noma i-TIA.
• Izidakamizwa ze-antiplatelet. Le mithi ivimbela amahlule egazi ngokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngama-platelet egazi ukuthi anamathele ndawonye. Izidakamizwa ezivame ukwedlula i-antiplatelet zifaka i-aspirin ne-clopidogrel (Plavix). Zingasetshenziswa ukuvimbela imivimbo ye-ischemic futhi ibaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni isifo sohlangothi. Uma ungakaze ube nesifo sohlangothi ngaphambili, kufanele usebenzise i-aspirin kuphela njengomuthi wokuvikela uma unengozi enkulu yesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (isb., Isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi) kanye nengozi ephansi yokopha.
• Izitatimende. Izitatimende, ezisiza ukwehlisa amazinga aphezulu we-cholesterol egazini, ziphakathi kwemithi e-United States. Le mithi ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-enzyme engaguqula i-cholesterol ibe yi-plaque - into ewugqinsi, enamathelayo engakha ezindongeni zemithambo futhi ibangele imivimbo nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Izitatimende ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi i-rosuvastatin (Crestor), i-simvastatin (iZocor), ne-atorvastatin (Lipitor).
• Izidakamizwa zomfutho wegazi. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungadala ukuthi izingcezu zokwakha uqweqwe emithanjeni yakho ziqhume. Lezi zingcezu zingavimba imithambo yegazi, idale isifo sohlangothi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme kungasiza ekuvimbeleni isifo sohlangothi.

Udokotela wakho angakunika eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yale mithi ukwelapha noma ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi, kuya ngezici ezifana nomlando wakho wezempilo nobungozi bakho. Kunemithi eminingi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha nokuvikela ukushaywa unhlangothi, hlola uhlu olugcwele lapha.

Ukululama kohlangothi

IStroke siyimbangela ehamba phambili yokukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside e-United States. Kodwa-ke, iNational Stroke Association ibika ukuthi amaphesenti ayi-10 abasindile kohlangothi bashona cishe ngokuphelele, kanti amanye amaphesenti angama-25 alulama ngokukhubazeka okuncane kuphela.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ukululama nokuvuselelwa kusuka kunhlangothi kuqale ngokushesha okukhulu. Eqinisweni, ukululama unhlangothi kufanele kuqale esibhedlela. Lapho, iqembu lokunakekela lingazinzisa isimo sakho, lihlole imiphumela yesifo sohlangothi, likhombe izimbangela, bese liqala ukwelashwa ukukusiza uphinde uthole amanye amakhono akho athintekile.

Ukubuyiselwa kwesifo sohlangothi kugxile ezindaweni ezine eziyinhloko:

Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo

Isifo sohlangothi singadala ukukhubazeka ekukhulumeni nasolimini. Uchwepheshe wezinkulumo nolimi uzosebenzisana nawe ukuthola ukuthi ukhuluma kanjani. Noma, uma uthola ukuthi ukukhuluma ngomlomo kunzima ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi, bazokusiza uthole izindlela ezintsha zokuxhumana.

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo

Ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi, abaningi abasindile banezinguquko emakhonweni abo okucabanga nawokucabanga. Lokhu kungadala izinguquko zokuziphatha nezemizwa. Uchwepheshe wezomsebenzi angakusiza usebenze ukuze uphinde uthole izindlela zakho zangaphambili zokucabanga nokuziphatha futhi ulawule izimpendulo zakho ezingokomzwelo.

Ukuthola amakhono wezinzwa

Uma ingxenye yobuchopho bakho edlulisa amasiginali wezinzwa iyathinteka ngesikhathi sohlangothi, ungathola ukuthi izinzwa zakho “zifiphele” noma azisasebenzi. Lokho kungasho ukuthi awuzizwa kahle izinto, njengokushisa, ingcindezi, noma ubuhlungu. Umelaphi angakusiza ufunde ukuzivumelanisa nalokhu kushoda kwemizwa.

Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba

Ithoni yemisipha namandla kungahle kwenziwe buthakathaka ngenxa yohlangothi, futhi ungathola ukuthi awukwazi ukunyakazisa umzimba wakho ngendlela owawungenza ngayo phambilini. Udokotela osebenza ngokomzimba uzosebenzisana nawe ukuthola amandla nokulinganisela kwakho, futhi uthole izindlela zokuzivumelanisa nanoma ikuphi ukulinganiselwa.

Ukuvuselelwa kungenzeka emtholampilo wokuhlumelelisa, ekhaya labahlengikazi abanamakhono, noma ekhaya lakho. Nakhu ongakulindela ngesikhathi senqubo yokululama ngempumelelo.

Ungasinqanda kanjani isifo sohlangothi

Ungathatha izinyathelo zokusiza ukuvimbela unhlangothi ngokuphila impilo enempilo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Yeka ukubhema. Uma ubhema, ukuyeka manje kuzokwehlisa ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi.
• Phuza utshwala ngokulinganisela. Uma uphuza ngokweqile, zama ukunciphisa indlela odla ngayo. Ukuphuza utshwala kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi.
• Gcina isisindo phansi. Gcina isisindo sakho sisezingeni eliphilile. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kwandisa ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi. Ukusiza ukuphatha isisindo sakho:
  • Yidla ukudla okugcwele izithelo nemifino.
  • Yidla ukudla okuphansi kwe-cholesterol, amafutha we-trans, namafutha agcwele.
  • Hlala usebenza ngokomzimba. Lokhu kuzokusiza ugcine isisindo esinempilo futhi kukusize wehlise umfutho wegazi kanye namazinga e-cholesterol.
• Thola ukuhlolwa. Hlala phezu kwempilo yakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthola ukuhlolwa njalo nokuhlala uxhumana nodokotela wakho. Qiniseka ukuthi uthatha lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo ukuphatha impilo yakho:
  • Hlola i-cholesterol yakho nomfutho wegazi.
  • Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushintsha indlela ophila ngayo.
  • Xoxa ngezinketho zakho zemithi nodokotela wakho.
  • Xazulula noma yiziphi izinkinga zenhliziyo ongaba nazo.
  • Uma unesifo sikashukela, thatha izinyathelo zokukulawula.

Ukuthatha zonke lezi zinyathelo kuzokusiza ukuthi ukubeke esimeni esingcono ukuvikela ukushaywa unhlangothi. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukushaywa unhlangothi.

Ukuthatha

Uma usola ukuthi uhlangabezana nezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, kubalulekile ukuthi ufune ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Imithi yokuqothula ingubo inganikezwa kuphela emahoreni okuqala ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, kanti ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga zesikhathi eside nokukhubazeka.

Ukuvimbela kungenzeka, noma ngabe uvimbela unhlangothi wokuqala noma uzama ukuvimbela owesibili. Imithi ingasiza ekwehliseni ubungozi bamahlule egazi, okuholela kohlangothi. Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukuthola isu lokuvimbela elikusebenzelayo, kufaka phakathi ukungenelela kwezokwelapha kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila.