Izinhlobo Zokuhlinzwa Komhlathi Nezizathu Zezinye

-Delile

• Kungani kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa komhlathi?
• I-Maxillary osteotomy
• Inqubo yokubuka konke
• I-osteotomy yama-Mandibular
• Inqubo yokubuka konke
• I-bimaxillary osteotomy
• Inqubo yokubuka konke
• I-Genioplasty
• Inqubo yokubuka konke
• Ukuhlinzwa kweTMJ
• Yini engingayilindela ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa?
• Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
• Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa
• Ukubuyiselwa
• Ziyini izingozi?
• Kubiza malini ukuhlinzwa komhlathi?
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukuhlinzwa komhlathi kungalungisa noma kuqondanise kabusha umhlathi. Kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlinzwa nge-orthognathic. Kwenziwa odokotela abahlinzayo bomlomo noma be-maxillofacial abasebenza kanye nodokotela wamazinyo isikhathi esiningi.

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani kunganconywa ukuhlinzwa komhlathi. Isibonelo, ukuhlinzwa komhlathi kungalungisa ukulunywa okungafanele ngenxa yokukhula komhlathi ngokungajwayelekile noma ukulungisa ukulimala.

Qhubeka ufunde njengoba singena shí ezinhlotsheni zokuhlinzwa komhlathi, lapho zenziwa, nokuningi.

Kungani kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa komhlathi?

Ukuhlinzwa komhlathi kunganconywa uma unenkinga yomhlathi engakwazi ukubhekwa nge-orthodontics kuphela. I-Orthodontics uhlobo olukhethekile lwamazinyo oluphathelene nokuma kwemihlathi namazinyo.

Udokotela wakho wamazinyo nodokotela ohlinzayo womlomo bazosebenza ndawonye ukusiza ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelashwa olulungele isimo sakho.

Ezinye izibonelo zezinto lapho ukuhlinzwa komhlathi kungasiza ngazo kufaka phakathi:

• ukulungisa ukuluma kwakho, okuyindlela amazinyo akho ahlangana ngayo lapho umlomo wakho uvaliwe
• ukulungisa izimo ezithinta ukulinganisa kobuso bakho
• ukusiza ukunciphisa izinhlungu ngenxa yesifo se-temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
• ukulungisa ukulimala noma isimo sokuzalwa esihilela ubuso, njenge-palate palate
• ukuvimbela ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo nokudabuka emazinyweni akho
• ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokuluma, ukuhlafuna, noma ukugwinya kube lula
• ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuphefumula, njengokuphefumula umlomo nokuphazamiseka kokulala

Isikhathi esikahle sokuhlinzwa komhlathi ngemuva kokuthi umhlathi usuyekile ukukhula, imvamisa eminyakeni yentsha noma eminyakeni yama-20s.

I-Maxillary osteotomy

I-Maxillary osteotomy ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa emihlathini yakho ephezulu (maxilla).

Izimo ezingadinga i-maxillary osteotomy zifaka:

• umhlathi ongaphezulu ophumela noma ohlehla kakhulu
• ukuluma okuvulekile, okuyilapho amazinyo akho emuva (ama-molars) engathinti lapho umlomo wakho uvaliwe
• i-crossbite, okuyilapho amanye amazinyo akho aphansi ahlala ngaphandle kwamazinyo akho aphezulu lapho umlomo wakho uvaliwe
• i-midplacial hyperplasia, okuyisimo lapho kukhula khona engxenyeni ephakathi yobuso bakho

Inqubo yokubuka konke

Phakathi nale nqubo, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzo:

1. yenza imbobo ezinsinini ezingaphezulu kwamazinyo akho aphezulu, uzivumele ukuthi zifinyelele emathanjeni emihlathi yakho engenhla
2. uthathe ithambo lomhlathi wakho ongaphezulu ngendlela evumela ukuthi balihambise njengeyunithi eyodwa
3. hambisa le ngxenye yomhlathi wakho ongaphezulu phambili ukuze ihambisane futhi ilingane kahle namazinyo akho aphansi
4. beka amapuleti noma izikulufo ukubamba ithambo elilungisiwe endaweni yalo entsha
5. sebenzisa iziqu ukuvala imbotshana ezinsinini zakho

I-osteotomy yama-Mandibular

I-mandibular osteotomy isho ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa emhlathini wakho ophansi (mandible). Kuvame ukwenziwa lapho umhlathi wakho ophansi uphuma noma wehla kakhulu.

Inqubo yokubuka konke

Uma une-osteotomy e-mandibular, udokotela ohlinzayo uzokwenza lokhu:

1. yenza imbobo kwizinsini zakho ohlangothini ngalunye lomhlathi wakho ophansi, ngemuva nje kwama-molars akho
2. usike ithambo lomhlathi ongezansi, ovumela udokotela ohlinzayo ukuba aligudlisele ngokucophelela endaweni entsha
3. hambisa umhlathi ongezansi noma phambili noma emuva uye endaweni entsha
4. beka amapuleti noma izikulufo ukubamba umhlathi oshintshiwe endaweni yawo entsha
5. vala ukusikeka ezinsinini zakho ngemithungo

I-bimaxillary osteotomy

I-bimaxillary osteotomy ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa emihlathini yakho ephezulu nangaphezulu. Kwenziwa lapho isimo sithinta yomibili imihlathi.

Inqubo yokubuka konke

Amasu asetshenzisiwe kulokhu kuhlinzwa afaka lawo esixoxe ngawo ngenqubo ye-maxillary and mandibular osteotomy.

Ngoba ukusebenza emhlathini ophezulu nangaphansi kungaba yinkimbinkimbi, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo angasebenzisa isoftware yokumodela engu-3-D ukusiza ukuhlela ukuhlinzwa.

I-Genioplasty

I-Genioplasty ukuhlinzwa esilevini. Kungasiza ukulungisa isilevu esihlehlayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kungenziwa nge-mandibular osteotomy yomhlathi ophansi ophelile.

Inqubo yokubuka konke

Ngesikhathi se-genioplasty, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzokwenza lokhu:

1. yenza imbobo kwizinsini zakho ezungeze udebe lwakho olungezansi
2. usike ingxenye yesikhumba, esivumela ukuthi bayigudluze
3. hambisa ngokucophelela i-chinbone endaweni yayo entsha
4. beka amapuleti amancane noma izikulufo ukusiza ukubamba ithambo elilungisiwe endaweni yalo entsha
5. vala imbobo ngemithungo

Ukuhlinzwa kweTMJ

Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlinzwa kwe-TMJ uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingazange ziphumelele ekunciphiseni izimpawu zakho ze-TMJ.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zokuhlinzwa kwe-TMJ:

• I-Arthrocentesis. I-Arthrocentesis yinqubo encane engahlaseli efaka ukusebenzisa izinaliti ezincane ukujova uketshezi kwi-TMJ.Lokhu kungasiza ukugcoba ilunga futhi ugeze noma yimiphi imfucumfucu ebambekayo noma umkhiqizo wokuvuvukala.
• I-arthroscopy. Ngesikhathi se-arthroscopy, kufakwa ishubhu elincanyana elibizwa ngokuthi i-cannula kujoyini. Udokotela ohlinzayo ube esesebenzisa isikalo esincane (i-arthroscope) namathuluzi amancane ukuze asebenze ejoyinini.
• Vula ukuhlinzwa ngokuhlanganyela. Ukuhlinzwa okuhlanganyelwe okuvulekile (i-arthrotomy) uhlobo oluhlasela kakhulu lokuhlinzwa kwe-TMJ. Ngale nqubo, kusikwa phambi kwendlebe yakho. Udokotela wakho angabe esesebenzela ukufaka noma ukususa izingxenye ze-TMJ ezithintekile.

Yini engingayilindela ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa?

Ngezansi, sizohlola ukuthi yini ongayilindela lapho uhlinzwa umhlathi.

Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa

Ezimweni eziningi, i-orthodontist ifake ama-brace noma ama-aligners emazinyweni akho ezinyangeni ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho. Lokhu kusiza ukuqondanisa amazinyo akho ukulungiselela inqubo yakho.

Kungenzeka ube nama-aphoyintimenti ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho. Lokhu kusiza udokotela wamazinyo nodokotela wakho ohlinzayo ahlele inqubo yakho. Ukulungiselela kungafaka ukuthatha izilinganiso, isikhunta, noma ama-X-ray womlomo wakho.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ukumodeliswa kwe-3-D kukhompyutha kuyasetshenziswa futhi.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa komhlathi kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Lokho kusho ukuthi uzobe ulele ngesikhathi senqubo yakho.

Ukuhlinzwa okuningi kuthatha amahora amabili kuya kwangu-5, kepha ubude besikhathi buya ngokwenqubo ethile eyenziwayo.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa komhlathi, ukusikeka okuningi kwenziwa ngaphakathi komlomo wakho, noma kwezinye izimo kucutshungulwa okuncane kakhulu ngaphandle.

Sekukonke, ukusikeka ebusweni noma esilevini akunakwenzeka.

Ukubuyiselwa

Iningi labantu lihlala esibhedlela usuku olulodwa kuya kwezingu-4 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwabo.

Lapho ukwazi ukuphuma esibhedlela, udokotela wakho uzokunika imiyalo yokudla nokuhlanzeka ngomlomo. Kubalulekile ukulandela le miyalo ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokululama.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwakho, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuzwa ukuvuvukala, ukuqina, nokungaphatheki kahle ebusweni nasemhlathini. Lezi kufanele zihambe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Okwamanje, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi yokusiza ukunciphisa lezi zimpawu.

Kwezinye izimo, ungahle uzizwe ndikindiki endebeni yakho ephezulu noma engezansi. Lokhu kuvame ukuba kwesikhashana futhi kuzodlula isikhathi esingamasonto noma izinyanga. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungaba unomphela.

Ukubuyiselwa kungathatha noma yikuphi phakathi kwamaviki ayisithupha kuya kwayi-12. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa wokululama, i-orthodontist yakho izoqhubeka nokuvumelanisa amazinyo akho nezinsimbi.

Lapho ama-brace akho esuswa, i-orthodontist yakho izokunikeza umgcini wokusiza ukugcina amazinyo akho ehambelana.

Ziyini izingozi?

Ukuhlinzwa emhlathini wakho ngokuvamile kuphephe kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezithile. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo kufanele akwazise ngalezi zingozi ngaphambi kwenqubo yakho.

Izingozi ezingaba khona zokuhlinzwa komhlathi zifaka:

• ukusabela okubi ku-anesthesia
• ukopha ngokweqile
• ukutheleleka endaweni yokuhlinzwa
• ukulinyazwa izinzwa zomhlathi
• ukuphuka komhlathi
• izinkinga ngokuluma noma ukuqondanisa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, okungadinga inqubo eyengeziwe
• ukubuyela umhlathi emuva esimweni sawo sokuqala
• ubuhlungu obusha be-TMJ

Okunye ukuhlinzwa kungahle kube nengozi eyengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nokunye.

Ucwaningo lwango-2019 luthole ukuthi abantu abathola i-bimaxillary osteotomy babenobungozi obandayo bezinkinga uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abathola i-maxillary noma i-mandibular osteotomy bodwa.

Kubiza malini ukuhlinzwa komhlathi?

Izindleko zokuhlinzwa komhlathi zingahluka ngokuya ngezici ezithile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezifana:

• udokotela ohlinzayo
• inqubo
• indawo okuyo

Futhi, khumbula ukuthi inani eliphelele lokuhlinzwa komhlathi lifaka izinto eziningana, njenge:

• imali kadokotela ohlinzayo
• imali yesikhungo
• imali yokubulala izinzwa
• noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okwenziwayo
• noma imiphi imithi enqunyiwe

Njalo hlola umhlinzeki wakho womshuwalense ukuze ubone ukuthi yini okumboziwe ngaphambi kokuhlela ukuhlinzwa kwakho komhlathi. Izinkampani eziningi zomshuwalense zizomboza ukuhlinzwa komhlathi uma kuzokwelapha isimo esibhaliwe, esithile sempilo noma inkinga.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukuhlinzwa komhlathi kuvame ukwenziwa ukusiza ukulungisa noma ukulungisa ukulungiswa komhlathi wakho. Kungabandakanya umhlathi wakho ophezulu, umhlathi ophansi, noma kokubili.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlinzwa komhlathi ezitholakalayo. Udokotela wakho wamazinyo nodokotela ohlinzayo bazosebenzisana ukuhlela inqubo ebhekana nesimo sakho esithile.

Yize ukuhlinzwa komhlathi ngokuvamile kuphephile, kunezingozi ezithile ezihambisana nakho. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo kufanele akwazise ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho.

Izindleko zokuhlinzwa komhlathi zingancika ezintweni eziningana, njengodokotela ohlinzayo othize nohlobo lokuhlinzwa. Njalo qiniseka ukuthi uqinisekisa ukuthi umshwalense wakho uhlanganisa ini ngaphambi kokuhlela inqubo yakho.