Inhlanzi yeSwai: Ingabe Kufanele Uyidle Noma Uyigweme?

-Delile

• Yini uSwai futhi Ivelaphi?
• Inani lokudla okunempilo
• Ukukhathazeka Ngokulima Izinhlanzi ZaseSwai
• Ama-antibiotic Asetshenziswa Kakhulu Ngesikhathi Sokukhiqiza
• Kungenzeka Udla USwai Ungazi
• Indlela Eqondakalayo yeSwai Nezinye Izindlela Ezingcono
• Okusemqoka

Inhlanzi yeSwai iyanambitha okungabizi futhi kumnandi.

Ngokujwayelekile ingeniswa isuka eVietnam futhi isiyatholakala kabanzi futhi ithandwa e-US emashumini eminyaka edlule.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abadla i-swai kungenzeka bangazi lutho ngezinto ezikhathazayo mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwayo emapulazini ezinhlanzi aminyene.

Le ndatshana ikunikeza amaqiniso ngezinhlanzi ze-swai, ikusize unqume ukuthi kufanele uyidle noma uyigweme.

Yini uSwai futhi Ivelaphi?

I-Swai yinhlanzi emhlophe emhlophe, emanzi enokuthungwa okuqinile nokunambitheka okungathathi hlangothi. Ngakho-ke, kuthatha kalula ukunambitheka kwezinye izithako ().

Ngokwe-US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) yase-US, i-swai ibalwa njengenhlanzi yesithupha edume kakhulu esizweni (2).

Idabuka emfuleni iMekong wase-Asia. Kodwa-ke, i-swai etholakala kubathengi ivame ukukhiqizwa emapulazini ezinhlanzi eVietnam ().

Eqinisweni, ukukhiqizwa kweswai eMekong Delta yaseVietnam kungenye yezimboni ezinkulu zokufuya izinhlanzi zasemanzini emhlabeni wonke (3).

Phambilini i-swai engeniswe e-US yayibizwa nge-Asian catfish. Ngo-2003, i-US Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) yaphasisa umthetho wokuthi kudotshwa izinhlanzi kuphela Ictaluridae umndeni, okubandakanya i-American catfish kepha hhayi i-swai, ingabhalwa noma ikhangiswe njenge-catfish (4).

USwai uvela emndenini ohlukile kodwa ohlobene obiziwe Pangasiidae, negama layo ngokwesayensi IPangasius hypophthalmus.

Amanye amagama e-swai nezinhlobo ezifanayo yi-panga, i-pangasius, i-sutchi, i-cream dory, i-striped catfish, i-catfish yase-Vietnamese, i-tra, umsebenzi futhi - yize kungewona ushaka - i-iridescent shark ne-Siamese shark.

ISwai yinhlanzi emhlophe emhlophe, engathathi hlangothi evame ukungeniswa ivela emapulazini ezinhlanzi aseVietnam. Lapho isibizwa ngokuthi i-Asian catfish, imithetho yase-US ayisalivumeli leli gama ukuthi lisetshenziswe. I-American catfish ivela emndenini ohlukile kune-swai, kepha zihlobene.

Inani lokudla okunempilo

Ukudla izinhlanzi kuvame ukukhuthazwa njengoba kunikeza amaprotheni anciphile kanye namafutha we-omega-3 anempilo.

Okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni kwe-swai kumaphakathi ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile, kepha kunikeza amafutha amancane we-omega-3 (,).

I-4-ounce (113-gram) yokuphaka i-swai engaphekiwe iqukethe (,,, 8):

• Amakholori: 70
• Amaprotheni: 15 amagremu
• Amafutha: 1.5 amagremu
• Amafutha e-Omega-3: 11 mg
• Cholesterol: 45 amagremu
• AmaCarbs: 0 amagremu
• I-Sodium: 350 mg
• I-Niacin: I-14% ye-Reference Daily Intake (i-RDI)
• Uvithamini B12: U-19% we-RDI
• Selenium: Ama-26% we-RDI

Ukuqhathanisa, ukuphakelwa okufanayo kwamaphakethe esalmon ama-24 amagremu wamaprotheni no-1,200-2,400 mg wamafutha e-omega-3, kuyilapho i-American catfish iqukethe amagremu ayi-15 wamaprotheni kanye no-100-250 mg wamafutha omega-3 kuma-ounces amane (113 amagremu) ( 9, 10,).

I-sodium ku-swai ingaba ngaphezulu noma ibe ngaphansi kunalokho okuboniswe ngenhla ngokususelwa ekutheni ingakanani i-sodium tripolyphosphate, isengezo sokugcina umswakama, esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokucubungula ().

ISwai ingumthombo omuhle kakhulu we-selenium futhi ingumthombo omuhle we-niacin novithamini B12. Kodwa-ke, amanani angahluka ngokuya ngokuthi inhlanzi iphakelwa ini (, 8).

USwai akanakho ukudla okunempilo ikakhulukazi. Ngokuvamile zondliwa ngama-rice bran, i-soy, i-canola nezinhlanzi ngemikhiqizo. Imikhiqizo yesoya ne-canola ijwayele ukuguqulwa kofuzo, okuwumkhuba ophikisanayo (, 3,).

USwai ulinganiselwa kunani lokudla okunempilo, enikeza inani elifanelekile lamaprotheni kepha amafutha amancane kakhulu omega-3. Igalelo lalo eliyinhloko lamavithamini namaminerali yi-selenium, niacin ne-vitamin B12. Ukusetshenziswa kwesithasiselo ukugcina i-swai omanzi kwandisa okuqukethwe kwayo kwe-sodium.

Ukukhathazeka Ngokulima Izinhlanzi ZaseSwai

Umphumela wamapulazi ezinhlanzi ze-swai ku-ecosystem kukhathaza kakhulu ().

Uhlelo lweMonterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch lubala u-swai njengenhlanzi okufanele igwenywe, njengoba amanye amapulazi ama-swai fish ekhiqiza imfucuza elahlwa ngokungemthetho emifuleni (3).

Ukulahlwa ngendlela engafanele kwamanzi amdaka kukhathaza ikakhulukazi ngoba amapulazi ezinhlanzi ama-swai asebenzisa izinto eziningi zamakhemikhali, kufaka phakathi izibulala-magciwane, imishanguzo elwa nezifo kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane.

Ukungcoliswa kweMercury okunye ukucatshangelwa. Ezinye izifundo zithole amazinga amukelekile e-mercury e-swai avela eVietnam nakwezinye izindawo eziseningizimu-mpumalanga naseningizimu ye-Asia (,,).

Kodwa-ke, olunye ucwaningo lukhombise amazinga e-mercury e-swai angaphezulu komkhawulo onconyiwe we-World Health Organization kuma-50% amasampuli ahlolwe ().

Lezi zinselelo ziphakamisa isidingo samanzi angcono kumapulazi ezinhlanzi ze-swai kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yokulawulwa kwezinhlanzi ngesikhathi senqubo yokungenisa.

Uhlelo lweMonterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch lweluleka ngokugwema i-swai ngoba ama-agent amaningi amakhemikhali asetshenziswa emapulazini ezinhlanzi futhi angangcolisa amanzi aseduze. Okunye, kepha hhayi konke, ukuhlaziywa kusikisela ukuthi i-swai ingaba namazinga aphezulu e-mercury.

Ama-antibiotic Asetshenziswa Kakhulu Ngesikhathi Sokukhiqiza

Lapho i-swai nezinye izinhlanzi kutshalwa emapulazini ezinhlanzi aminyene, ingozi yezifo ezithathelwanayo ezinhlanzini iyanda.

Kwesinye isifundo, amasampula we-swai angama-70-80% athunyelwa ePoland, Germany nase-Ukraine angcoliswe yiwo Vibrio bacteria, igciwane elivame ukubandakanyeka ekufakweni kokudla kwe-shellfish kubantu ().

Ukuze kuliwe nokutheleleka kwamagciwane, ama-swai avame ukunikezwa ama-antibiotic nezinye izidakamizwa. Noma kunjalo, kunezinkinga. Izinsalela zemithi elwa namagciwane zingahlala ezinhlanzini, futhi izidakamizwa zingangena emizileni yamanzi eseduze (18).

Ocwaningweni lokudla kwasolwandle okungenisiwe, i-swai nezinye izilwane zasolwandle zase-Asia kweqe kakhulu imikhawulo yezinsalela zezidakamizwa. IVietnam ibe nenani elikhulu kakhulu lokwephula izinsalela zezidakamizwa phakathi kwamazwe athumela izinhlanzi kwamanye amazwe ().

Eqinisweni, amakhilogremu angama-84,000 amafishi efriziwe ama-swai angeniswe evela eVietnam futhi asatshalaliswa e-US akhunjulwa ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zase-US zokuhlola izinhlanzi ngezinsalela zezidakamizwa nokunye ukungcola (20).

Ngokwengeziwe, noma ngabe inhlanzi ihlolwe kahle futhi ama-antibiotic nezinye izinsalela zezidakamizwa zingaphansi kwemikhawulo yezomthetho, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kaningi kungakhuthaza ukumelana namagciwane emithini (18).

Amanye ama-antibiotic afanayo asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwabantu. Uma zisetshenziswe ngokweqile futhi amabhaktheriya ahluleka ukumelana nawo, kungashiya abantu bengenazo izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zezifo ezithile (18, 21).

Ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kakhulu ukulwa nezifo emapulazini ezinhlanzi agcwele i-swai. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic kwandisa ubungozi bokumelana nawo ngamagciwane, nakho okunganciphisa ukusebenza komuthi kubantu.

Kungenzeka Udla USwai Ungazi

Ungahle u-ode i-swai ezindaweni zokudlela ungazi nokwazi.

Ocwaningweni olwenziwe yi-Oceana, inhlangano yamazwe omhlaba yokongiwa kwemvelo nolwandle, i-swai ibingenye yezinhlobo ezintathu zezinhlanzi ezivame ukufakwa esikhundleni senhlanzi ebiza kakhulu.

Eqinisweni, i-swai yayithengiswa njengezinhlobo ezi-18 ezahlukahlukene zezinhlanzi - okuvame ukuthi kubhalwe kabi njenge-perch, grouper noma sole (22).

Ukwehliswa kwemibhalo okunjalo kungenzeka ezitolo zokudlela, ezitolo ezinkulu nasezitshalweni zokucubungula izinhlanzi zasolwandle. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kubhalwa ngendlela engeyiyo ukukhwabanisa ngamabomu kwazise i-swai ayibizi. Ngezinye izikhathi akuhlosile.

Ukudla kwasolwandle kuvame ukuhamba ibanga elide ukusuka lapho kubanjwe khona lapho uyithenga khona, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola umkhondo wemvelaphi yayo.

Isibonelo, ayikho indlela elula yokuthi abanikazi bezindawo zokudlela bahlole ukuthi ibhokisi lenhlanzi abalithengile yilokho elikushoyo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uhlobo lwenhlanzi lungakhonjwa, njengokuthi u-oda isemishi lenhlanzi endaweni yokudlela engacacisi uhlobo lwezinhlanzi, kungaba yi-swai.

Ocwaningweni lwemikhiqizo yezinhlanzi ehlinzekwa ezindaweni zokudlela ezingama-37 eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yedolobha laseMelika, cishe izitsha ezingama-67% ezibhalwe nje “njengenhlanzi” kwimenyu bekuyi-swai (23).

USwai kwesinye isikhathi ubhalwa kabi ngokungeyikho ngamabomu noma ngephutha njengolunye uhlobo lwezinhlanzi, njenge-perch, grouper noma i-sole. Ngokwengeziwe, izindawo zokudlela zingahle zingaluboni uhlobo lwezinhlanzi kwezinye izitsha, ngakho-ke kunethuba elihle lokuthi udle i-swai, noma ngabe ubungazi.

Indlela Eqondakalayo yeSwai Nezinye Izindlela Ezingcono

Uma uthanda i-swai, thenga imikhiqizo ene-eco-certification eqenjini elizimele, njenge-Aquaculture Stewardship Council. Imikhiqizo enjalo ngokuvamile ifaka ilogo ye-ejensi yokuqinisekisa ephaketheni.

Isitifiketi sikhombisa imizamo yokwehlisa ukungcola okungaba nomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu futhi kulimaze ikhwalithi yamanzi ().

Ngokwengeziwe, ungadli i-swai eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe. Pheka izinhlanzi ekushiseni kwangaphakathi okungu-145 ℉ (62.8 ℃) ukushabalalisa amagciwane angaba yingozi, njenge Vibrio.

Uma ukhetha ukudlulisa i-swai, kunezinye izindlela eziningi ezinhle. Ngezinhlanzi ezinenyama emhlophe, cabanga ngezinhlanzi zasendle ezibanjwe zasendle zase-US, i-Pacific cod (evela e-US naseCanada), haddock, sole noma flounder, phakathi kwabanye (25).

Ngezinhlanzi ezigcwele i-omega-3s, ezinye zezinketho zakho ezinhle kakhulu ezingenayo i-mercury eyeqile yi-salmon ebanjwe endle, ama-sardine, i-herring, ama-anchovies, ama-oysters asePacific kanye ne-freshwater trout ().

Okokugcina, yidla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlanzi kunokudla uhlobo olufanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi obungaqhamuka ekuchayekeni ngokweqile kokungcola okungaba yingozi kuhlobo olulodwa lwenhlanzi.

Uma udla i-swai, khetha uhlobo lomkhiqizo olunophawu lwe-eco-certification, olufana ne-Aquaculture Stewardship Council, bese ulupheka kahle ukubulala Vibrio namanye amabhaktheriya ayingozi. Ezinye izindlela ezinempilo ze-swai zifaka i-haddock, i-sole, i-salmon nezinye eziningi.

Okusemqoka

Izinhlanzi zeSwai zinomlando wokudla okunomsoco futhi zingagwemeka kangcono.

Ingeniswa ivela emapulazini ezinhlanzi agcwele phama lapho kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali nama-antibiotic ngokweqile, okudala ukungcola kwamanzi nokukhathazeka kwezempilo.

Kwesinye isikhathi kubhalwa kabi futhi kuthengiswe njengezinhlanzi ezinenani eliphakeme. Uma usidla, khetha umkhiqizo ophethe isitifiketi se-eco.

Ngokuvamile, kungcono ukudla izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi. Ezinye izindlela ezinempilo ze-swai zifaka i-haddock, i-sole, i-salmon nezinye eziningi.