I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) neCancer Yomlomo Wesibeletho

-Delile

• Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesibeletho
• Ukopha okungajwayelekile
• Ukukhishwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane
• Izimpawu ezithuthukisiwe
• Izinhlobo ze-HPV ezibhekele umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho
• Ngubani osengozini?
• Ukuvimbela i-HPV nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho
• Ukuhlola
• Ukugoma

Uyini umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho?

Umlomo wesibeletho yingxenye engezansi yesibeletho evulekela esithweni sangasese. I-human papillomavirus (HPV) idala cishe zonke izehlo zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, okuyisifo esijwayelekile esithathelwana ngocansi. Izilinganiso zikhombisa ukuthi cishe izifo ezintsha zenzeka minyaka yonke.

Abantu abaningi abanezifo ze-HPV abakaze babe nezimpawu, futhi amacala amaningi ayaphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezithile zegciwane zingahlasela amaseli futhi zidale izinkinga ezinjengezinsumpa zangasese noma umdlavuza.

Umdlavuza wesibeletho ubukade ungowabesifazane baseMelika, kepha manje usuthathwa njengomdlavuza wabesifazane okulula ukuwuvikela. Ukuhlolwa njalo kwePap, imishanguzo ye-HPV, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV kwenze kwaba lula ukuvikela umdlavuza wesibeletho. Ukwazi izimpawu zomdlavuza wesibeletho nakho kungaholela ekutholeni kusenesikhathi nasekwelashweni okusheshayo.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesibeletho

Abantu abavamile ukuba nezimpawu zomdlavuza wesibeletho kusaqala. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwePap okujwayelekile ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala nokwelashwa kwezilonda ezingaphambi kwesikhathi. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela kuphela lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza ekhula ngokusebenzisa ungqimba oluphezulu lwezicubu zomlomo wesibeletho kwezicubu ezingezansi kwawo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana angaphambi kokuhlinzwa eshiywa engalashwa futhi ethuthukela kumdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Kuleli qophelo, abantu kwesinye isikhathi benza amaphutha ezimpawu ezijwayelekile njengezinto ezinobungozi, njengokuphuma kwegazi lesitho sangasese okungajwayelekile nokukhishwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

Ukopha okungajwayelekile

Ukopha okungafanele kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kuyisifo esivame kakhulu somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ukopha kungenzeka phakathi kwezikhathi zokuya esikhathini noma ngemuva kocansi. Kwesinye isikhathi, kukhombisa njengokukhishwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane okugcwele igazi, okuvame ukuxoshwa njengokubona.

Ukopha kwesitho sangasese sangasese nakho kungenzeka kwabesifazane be-postmenopausal, abangasenazo izikhathi zokuya esikhathini. Lokhu akukaze kwejwayelekile futhi kungaba uphawu oluxwayisa ngomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho noma enye inkinga enkulu. Kufanele uye kudokotela uma lokhu kwenzeka.

Ukukhishwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane

Kanye nokuphuma kwegazi, abantu abaningi futhi baqala ukuzwa ukukhishwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane okungavamile. Ukukhishwa kungaba:

• okumhlophe
• kucace
• namanzi
• nsundu
• ukunuka kabi
• kufakwe igazi

Izimpawu ezithuthukisiwe

Ngenkathi ukuphuma nokukhipha kungaba yizimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu zizovela ezigabeni zakamuva. Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesibeletho osezingeni eliphakeme zingabandakanya:

• ubuhlungu emuva noma okhalo
• ubunzima bokuchama noma ukuzikhulula
• ukuvuvukala komlenze owodwa noma womabili
• ukukhathala
• ukuncipha komzimba

Izinhlobo ze-HPV ezibhekele umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

I-HPV idluliselwa ngokuxhumana kocansi. Ukudluliswa kwenzeka lapho isikhumba noma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lomuntu onegciwane luthintana ngokomzimba nesikhumba noma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lomuntu ongenagciwane.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukutheleleka akubangeli izimpawu, okwenza kube lula ukudlulisela igciwane komunye umuntu ngokungazi.

Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-40 ze-HPV zidluliselwa ngocansi, kepha yizinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zegciwane ezikhiqiza izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Isibonelo, bangela izinsumpa zangasese kepha hhayi umdlavuza. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-HPV zingadala umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, yizinhlobo ezimbili kuphela,, ezibhekene nezimo eziningi zomdlavuza ohlobene ne-HPV.

Ngubani osengozini?

Ukwazi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso kanye nobungozi bakho kukhulisa amathuba akho wokuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho ne-HPV ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke. Izici zobungozi zomdlavuza wesibeletho zifaka:

• ingozi ephezulu ye-HPV
• ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside ngomlomo kwamaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha
• amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• ukusetshenziswa kukamama kwe-diethylstilbestrol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Izici zobungozi be-HPV zifaka:

• inombolo ephezulu yabalingani ocansini
• ukuya ocansini kokuqala usemncane
• amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka

Ukuvimbela i-HPV nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

Ukuhlola

Ukugonyelwa i-HPV kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikela, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa okuvamile kwePap ukuvikela umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

I-Pap test, noma i-smear, ingenye yezivivinyo ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu zokuhlola umdlavuza ezitholakalayo. Lezi zivivinyo zingathola amangqamuzana angajwayelekile nezinguquko ezingaphazamiseki emlomo wesibeletho. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuvumela la maseli angajwayelekile nezinguquko ukuthi ziphathwe ngaphambi kokuba zibe umdlavuza.

Udokotela wakho angenza iPap smear ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-pelvic ejwayelekile. Kubandakanya ukugoqa umlomo wesibeletho ukuqoqa amaseli ukuze ahlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Odokotela bangenza nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV ngasikhathi sinye lapho benza i-pap test. Lokhu kufaka ukubamba umlomo wesibeletho, bese uhlola amaseli ukuthola ubufakazi be-HPV DNA.

Ukugoma

Ukugonyelwa i-HPV kuyalulekwa kwabesifazane ngokuvikela ukutheleleka nge-HPV, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, kanye nezinsumpa zangasese. Kusebenza kuphela lapho kunikezwa abantu ngaphambi kokuba bangenwe yigciwane. Yingakho kunconywa ukuthi umuntu akuthole ngaphambi kokuya ocansini.

IGardasil ngomunye womuthi wokugoma onjalo, futhi uvikela izinhlobo ezimbili ezijwayeleke kakhulu zobungozi be-HPV, uhlobo lwe-16 kanye no-18. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zibhekene nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Iphinde ivikele ekulweni no-6 no-1, okuyizimbangela zezinsumpa zangasese.

Ngenxa yokuthi amadoda angayiphatha i-HPV, kufanele futhi bakhulume nodokotela babo ngokugonywa. Ngokwe-CDC, abafana namantombazane abangaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili kufanele bagonywe beneminyaka engu-11 noma engu-12 ubudala. Bathola umuthi wokugoma ngochungechunge lwezibhamu ezintathu esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Abesifazane abasebasha bangawuthola umuthi wokugoma uneminyaka engama-26 nabesilisa abasebasha abaneminyaka engama-21 uma bengakayivezi i-HPV.