Izimpawu ze-HIV Emadodeni

-Delile

• Ukugula okunamandla
• Izimpawu eziqondene ngqo nabesilisa
• Isikhathi se-asymptomatic
• Ukutheleleka okuthuthukile
• Iqhubekeka kanjani i-HIV
• Yande kangakanani i-HIV?
• Thatha isinyathelo bese uhlolwa
• Ukuvikela i-HIV
• Umbono wabesilisa abane-HIV
• Q:
• A:

Ukubuka konke

• ukugula okunamandla
• isikhathi asymptomatic
• ukutheleleka okuthuthukile

Ukugula okunamandla

Cishe amaphesenti angama-80 abantu abathola i-HIV baba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kungakapheli amasonto amabili kuya kwamane. Lesi sifo esifana nomkhuhlane saziwa njengokutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla. Ukutheleleka nge-HIV okuyisigaba sokuqala se-HIV futhi kuhlala kuze kube yilapho umzimba usuzakhele amasosha omzimba alwa naleli gciwane. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zalesi sigaba se-HIV zifaka:

• ukuqubuka komzimba
• imfiva
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• ikhanda elibuhlungu

Izimpawu ezingavamile kakhulu zingafaka:

• ukukhathala
• ama-lymph node avuvukile
• izilonda emlonyeni noma esithweni sangasese
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• ukujuluka ebusuku

Izimpawu ngokuvamile zihlala isonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili. Noma ngubani onalezi zimpawu futhi ocabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uthole i-HIV kufanele acabangele ukuhlela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakhe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze ahlolwe.

Izimpawu eziqondene ngqo nabesilisa

Izimpawu ze-HIV ngokuvamile ziyefana kwabesifazane nakwabesilisa. Olunye uphawu lwe-HIV olwehlukile emadodeni yisilonda esisesipeni. I-HIV ingaholela ku-hypogonadism, noma ekukhiqizeni okungalungile kwama-hormone ezocansi, kunoma yiluphi ucansi. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela ye-hypogonadism emadodeni kulula ukuyibona kunemiphumela yayo kwabesifazane. Izimpawu ze-testosterone ephansi, isici esisodwa se-hypogonadism, singafaka ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile (ED).

Isikhathi se-asymptomatic

Ngemuva kokuthi izimpawu zokuqala zinyamalale, i-HIV kungenzeka ingabangeli ezinye izimpawu ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, igciwane liyaziphindaphinda futhi liqale ukwenza buthaka amasosha omzimba. Umuntu okulesi sigaba ngeke azizwe noma abukeke egula, kepha igciwane lisasebenza. Bangalidlulisela kalula kwabanye leli gciwane. Kungakho ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ngisho nalabo abazizwa kahle, kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukutheleleka okuthuthukile

Kungathatha isikhathi esithile, kodwa i-HIV ingagcina isonakalise amasosha omzimba omuntu. Uma lokhu sekwenzekile, i-HIV izodlulela esigabeni sesi-3 se-HIV, esivame ukubizwa nge-AIDS. Ingculazi isigaba sokugcina sesifo. Umuntu okulesi sigaba unamasosha omzimba alimale kabi, okwenza ukuthi babe sengozini yokungenwa yizifo ezingosomathuba. Ukutheleleka okunamathuba kuyizimo umzimba obezokwazi ukulwa nazo, kepha kungaba yingozi kubantu abane-HIV. Abantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza bangaqaphela ukuthi bavame ukungenwa yimikhuhlane, umkhuhlane kanye nezifo zokukhunta. Bangase futhi babe nezimpawu ezilandelayo zesigaba 3 se-HIV:

• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• isifo sohudo esiphikelelayo
• ukukhathala okungapheli
• ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngokushesha
• ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula okuncane
• imfiva ephindaphindayo, amakhaza nokujuluka ebusuku
• ukuqubuka, izilonda, noma izilonda emlonyeni noma ekhaleni, esithweni sangasese, noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba
• ukuvuvukala isikhathi eside kwama-lymph node emakhwapheni, emgodini, noma entanyeni
• inkumbulo, ukudideka, noma ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa

Iqhubekeka kanjani i-HIV

Njengoba i-HIV iqhubeka, ihlasela futhi ibhubhise amaseli e-CD4 anele umzimba ongasakwazi ukulwa nokutheleleka nezifo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungaholela esigabeni sesi-3 se-HIV. Isikhathi esithathwa yi-HIV ukuqhubekela kulesi sigaba singaba kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuye eminyakeni eyi-10 noma nangaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu one-HIV ozothuthukela esigabeni 3. I-HIV ingalawulwa ngemithi ebizwa nge-antiretroviral therapy. Inhlanganisela yemithi kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nangokuthi inhlanganisela yokwelashwa ngezidambisi gciwane (inqola) noma i-antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa lungavimbela igciwane ekuziphindaphindeni. Yize imvamisa ingamisa ukuqhubeka kwe-HIV futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo, ukwelashwa kusebenza kakhulu lapho kuqalwa kusenesikhathi.

Yande kangakanani i-HIV?

Ngokusho kwabaseMelika ababalelwa ku-1.1 million bane-HIV. Ngo-2016, inani elilinganisiwe lokuxilongwa kwe-HIV e-United States lalingu-39,782. Cishe amaphesenti angama-81 alokho kuxilongwa ayephakathi kwamadoda aneminyaka engu-13 nangaphezulu. I-HIV ingathinta abantu banoma yiluphi uhlanga, ubulili, noma ubulili. Leli gciwane lidlulela kumuntu liye ngokuhlangana negazi, isidoda, noma uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane oluqukethe leli gciwane. Ukuya ocansini nomuntu one-HIV futhi ungayisebenzisi ikhondomu kuyinyusa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola i-HIV.

Thatha isinyathelo bese uhlolwa

Abantu abenza ucansi noma abanezinaliti ezabiwe kufanele bacabangele ukubuza abahlinzeki babo bezempilo ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV, ikakhulukazi uma bebona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezivezwa lapha. Lokhu kuncoma ukuthi kuhlolwe minyaka yonke kubantu abasebenzisa imishanguzo efakwa emithanjeni, abantu abenza ucansi futhi abanabalingani abaningi, nabantu abaya ocansini nomuntu one-HIV. Ukuhlola kuyashesha futhi kulula futhi kudinga kuphela isampula elincane legazi. Imitholampilo eminingi yezokwelapha, izikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi, nezinhlelo zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa zinikeza ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV. Ikhithi yokuhlolela i-HIV ekhaya, efana ne-OraQuick In-Home HIV Test, inga-odwa online. Lezi zivivinyo zasekhaya azidingi ukuthumela isampula ebhodini. I-swab elula yomlomo inikeza imiphumela kumaminithi angama-20 kuya kwangu-40.

Ukuvikela i-HIV

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi, e-United States kusukela ngo-2015, amaphesenti ayi-15 abantu abaphila ne-HIV abazi ukuthi banayo. Eminyakeni eminingana edlule, inani labantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza lenyukile, kanti inani laminyaka yonke lokudluliswa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza lihlale lizinzile kahle. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi izimpawu ze-HIV bese uhlolwa uma kungenzeka ukuthi uthole igciwane. Ukugwema ukuvezwa uketshezi lomzimba olungaphatha igciwane kungenye yezindlela zokuvimbela. Lezi zinyathelo zingasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthola i-HIV:

• Sebenzisa amakhondomu ocansini lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane nesangasese. Uma esetshenziswa kahle, amakhondomu asebenza kahle ekuvikeleni i-HIV.
• Gwema izidakamizwa ezifakwa emithanjeni. Zama ukungabelani noma uphinde usebenzise izinaliti. Amadolobha amaningi anezinhlelo zokushintshana ngezinaliti ezinikezela ngezinaliti eziyinyumba.
• Thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha. Ngaso sonke isikhathi cabanga ukuthi igazi lingathathelana. Sebenzisa amagilavu ​​e-latex nezinye izithiyo ukuvikela.
• Hlolela i-HIV. Ukuhlolelwa ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuthi ngabe i-HIV idluliselwe noma cha. Labo abahlola ukuthi bane-HIV bangathola ukwelashwa abakudingayo futhi bathathe nezinyathelo zokunciphisa ubungozi bokudlulisela igciwane kwabanye.

Umbono wabesilisa abane-HIV

Alikho ikhambi le-HIV. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola ukuxilongwa ngokushesha nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kunganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu izinga lempilo. Ngemithombo ehlobene nokwelashwa kwe-HIV e-United States, vakashela i-AIDSinfo. Ucwaningo lwango-2013 luthole ukuthi abantu abane-HIV bangaba nesikhathi esiphila ngokwejwayelekile uma beqala imishanguzo ngaphambi kokuthi amasosha omzimba alimale kanzima. Ngokwengeziwe, ucwaningo olwenziwe yiNational Institutes of Health (NIH) luthole ukuthi ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kusize abantu abane-HIV ukunciphisa ingozi yabo yokudlulisela leli gciwane kozakwabo. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisile ukuthi ukunamathela ekwelashweni, okufana nokuthi igciwane lingatholakali egazini, kwenza kube nzima ukudlulisela i-HIV kumlingani wakho. Umkhankaso we-Prevention Access Campaign, osekelwa yi-CDC, ukhuthaze lokhu okutholwe ngomkhankaso wabo we-Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U).

Q:

Kufanele ngihlolele i-HIV ngokushesha okungakanani? Kusuka emphakathini wethu we-Facebook

A:

Ngokweziqondiso ezivela ku, wonke umuntu oneminyaka ephakathi kuka-13 kuya kwengu-64 kufanele ahlolwe ngokuzithandela i-HIV, njengoba uzohlolelwa noma yisiphi isifo njengengxenye ejwayelekile yezokwelapha. Uma ukhathazekile ukuthi uvezwe kulesi sifo, kufanele ubone umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngokushesha. Uma kuhlolwe, i-HIV.gov ithi amaphesenti angama-97 abantu bazohlolwa ukuthi bane-HIV ezinyangeni ezintathu ngemuva kokuvezwa. UMark R. LaFlamme, Izimpendulo ze-MDA zimelela imibono yochwepheshe bethu bezokwelapha. Konke okuqukethwe kunolwazi oluqinile futhi akufanele kuthathwe njengezeluleko zezokwelapha.Funda le ndatshana ngeSpanishi.