Inganekwane ye-Mycotoxins: Iqiniso Mayelana Nesikhunta Ekhofi

-Delile

• Yini ama-Mycotoxin?
• Inani Elincane Lesikhunta NeMycotoxin Litholakala Kwezinye Ubhontshisi Wekhofi
• Abalimi bekhofi basebenzisa izindlela ezithile ukuze kugcinwe okuqukethwe kwe-Mycotoxin kuphansi
• Okusemqoka

Yize kade wakhishwa amademoni esikhathini esedlule, ikhofi liphilile kakhulu.

Igcwele ama-antioxidants, futhi ucwaningo oluningi lubona ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwekhofi ejwayelekile kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi yezifo ezimbi. Olunye ucwaningo luye lwaveza nokuthi abaphuza ikhofi bangaphila isikhathi eside.

Kodwa-ke, kuye kwaba nokukhuluma ngamakhemikhali angaba yingozi - abizwa ngokuthi ama-mycotoxin - ekhofi.

Abanye bathi ikhofi eliningi emakethe lingcoliswe yilobu buthi, okwenza ukuthi wenze kabi kakhulu futhi wandise amathuba okuba nezifo.

Lo mbhalo ubuyekeza ukuthi ama-mycotoxin ekhofi kukhona yini okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Yini ama-Mycotoxin?

Ama-mycotoxin akhiwa yizikhunta - isikhunta esincane esingakhula ezitshalweni ezinjengamabele nobhontshisi wekhofi uma kugcinwe ngokungafanele ().

Lawa ma-toxin angadala ubuthi uma uwafaka kakhulu ().

Zingahle zidale nezinkinga zezempilo ezingamahlalakhona futhi ziyimbangela yokungcola kwesikhunta endlini, okungaba yinkinga ezindlini ezindala, ezinomswakama nezingenawo umoya ().

Amanye amakhemikhali akhiqizwa isikhunta angathinta impilo yakho kanti amanye asetshenziswe njengemithi yokwelapha.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-antibiotic penicillin, kanye ne-ergotamine, umuthi olwa ne-migraine ongasetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa i-hallucinogen LSD.

Izinhlobo eziningi zama-mycotoxin zikhona, kepha lezo ezihambisana kakhulu nezitshalo zekhofi yi-aflatoxin B1 kanye ne-ochratoxin A.

I-Aflatoxin B1 iyi-carcinogen eyaziwayo futhi ikhonjiswe ukuthi inemiphumela ehlukahlukene eyingozi. I-Ochratoxin A ayifundiswanga kangako, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi iyi-carcinogen ebuthakathaka futhi ingalimaza ubuchopho nezinso (3,).

Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uvame ukuvezwa ukuthola izinto ezinobungozi, ngakho-ke ama-mycotoxin awahlukile kuleyo ndaba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-mycotoxin aqiniswa isibindi sakho futhi awaqoqeki emzimbeni wakho inqobo nje uma ukuvezwa kwakho kuhlala kuphansi.

Futhi, okungenani amazwe ayi-100 emhlabeni wonke alawula amazinga alezi zinhlanganisela - yize amanye enamazinga aqinile kunamanye ().

Ama-mycotoxin amakhemikhali anobuthi akhiqizwa isikhunta - isikhunta esincane esitholakala emvelweni.Isikhunta nama-mycotoxins kungenzeka ezitshalweni ezinjengezinhlamvu nobhontshisi wekhofi.

Inani Elincane Lesikhunta NeMycotoxin Litholakala Kwezinye Ubhontshisi Wekhofi

Ucwaningo oluningi luthole amazinga alinganisekayo ama-mycotoxins kubhontshisi wekhofi - womabili athosiwe futhi angosawanga - kanye nekhofi eliphekiwe:

• Amasampula ayi-33% kabhontshisi ohlaza okotshani avela eBrazil abenamazinga aphansi e-ochratoxin A ().
• Ama-45% okuphuza ikhofi kusuka kubhontshisi wekhofi otholakalayo aqukethe i-ochratoxin A ().
• Ama-Aflatoxin atholakele kubhontshisi obuluhlaza bekhofi, okuyizinga eliphakeme kakhulu kubhontshisi osuswe ukhofi. Ukuthosa kwehlise amazinga ngo-42-55% (8).
• Ama-27% kakhofi athosiwe aqukethe i-ochratoxin A, kepha amanani aphakeme kakhulu atholakele ku-chili ().

Ngakho-ke, ubufakazi bukhombisa ukuthi ama-mycotoxin akhona kumaphesenti amaningi kabhontshisi wekhofi futhi awenza isiphuzo sokugcina.

Kodwa-ke, amazinga abo angaphansi kakhulu komkhawulo wokuphepha.

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ungahle ungawuthandi umqondo wokuba nobuthi ekudleni noma eziphuzweni zakho. Noma kunjalo, khumbula ukuthi ubuthi - kufaka phakathi ama-mycotoxin - akhona yonke indawo, okwenza kube nzima ukuwagwema ngokuphelele.

Ngokuya kocwaningo oluthile, cishe zonke izinhlobo zokudla zingangcoliswa ngama-mycotoxin, futhi cishe igazi lawo wonke umuntu lingahlola ukuthi linalo i-ochratoxin A. Iphinde yatholakala obisini lwebele lomuntu (,).

Okunye ukudla neziphuzo ezahlukahlukene kuqukethe amazinga we-mycotoxins alinganisekayo - kodwa amukelekile, njengamabele, omisiwe, ubhiya, iwayini, ushokoledi omnyama, nebhotela lamantongomane (,).

Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe ungangena futhi uhogele ubuthi obuhlukahlukene usuku ngalunye, akufanele uthinteke uma inani lazo lincane.

Izimangalo zokuthi ama-mycotoxin abhekene nokunambitheka kwekhofi okubabayo nazo azilungile. Inani lama-tannin asekhofi linquma ukufutheka kwawo - ubufakazi obukhombisa ukuthi ama-mycotoxin ahlobene nalokho kuyashoda.

Ukuthenga imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme - noma ngabe ikhofi noma okunye ukudla - kungumbono omuhle, kepha ukukhokha okwengeziwe ngobhontshisi wekhofi ongenayo i-mycotoxin cishe kungukuchitha imali.

Landelela inani lama-mycotoxin atholakala kubhontshisi wekhofi, kepha amanani angaphansi kakhulu kwemikhawulo yezokuphepha futhi aphansi kakhulu ukuthi angabaluleka ngokubonakalayo.

Abalimi bekhofi basebenzisa izindlela ezithile ukuze kugcinwe okuqukethwe kwe-Mycotoxin kuphansi

Isikhunta nama-mycotoxin ekudleni akuyona into entsha.

Ziyizinkinga ezaziwayo, futhi abalimi bekhofi bathole izindlela ezikahle zokubhekana nazo.

Indlela ebaluleke kunazo zonke ibizwa ngokuthi ukucubungula okumanzi, okususa ngempumelelo isikhunta esiningi nama-mycotoxin (14).

Ukosa ubhontshisi nakho kubulala isikhunta esikhiqiza ama-mycotoxin. Ngokwesifundo esithile, ukosa kunganciphisa amazinga e-ochratoxin A ngo-69-96% ().

Ikhwalithi yekhofi ilinganiselwa ngokohlelo lokugreda, futhi ukuba khona kwesikhunta noma ama-mycotoxin kwehlisa kakhulu leli banga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo ziyalahlwa uma zeqa izinga elithile.

Ngisho nezindawo zekhofi ezisezingeni eliphansi zinamazinga angaphansi kakhulu kwemikhawulo yokuphepha ebekwe yiziphathimandla ezilawulayo futhi angaphansi kakhulu kwamazinga akhonjisiwe ukudala ingozi.

Ocwaningweni lwaseSpain, inani eliphelele le-ochratoxin Ukuvezwa kwabantu abadala kulinganiselwa ukuthi kube yi-3% kuphela yezinga eliphakeme elibhekwa njengeliphephile yi-European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) ().

Olunye ucwaningo lukhombise ukuthi izinkomishi ezi-4 zekhofi nsuku zonke zinikela ngama-2% kuphela we-ochratoxin A ukuchayeka okubonakala kuphephile yi-Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) ne-World Health Organisation (WHO) (17).

Ikhofi le-Decaf livame ukuba phezulu kuma-mycotoxin, njengoba i-caffeine ivimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta. Ikhofi esheshayo iqukethe amazinga aphezulu. Noma kunjalo, amazinga asephansi kakhulu ukuthi angakhathaza ().

Abenzi bekhofi balwazi kahle udaba lwe-mycotoxin futhi basebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokucubungula okumanzi ukunciphisa kakhulu amazinga alezi zinhlanganisela.

Okusemqoka

Ama-mycotoxin atholakala ngamanani amancane ekudleni okuhlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ikhofi.

Kodwa-ke, amazinga abo kufanele abhekwe ngokuphelele ngabakhiqizi neziphathimandla zokuphepha kokudla. Lapho kudlula imikhawulo yezokuphepha, imikhiqizo yokudla iyabuyiselwa noma ilahlwe.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izinzuzo zekhofi zisazedlula kude izinto ezimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubufakazi bokuphakamisa ukuthi ukuvezwa kwezinga eliphansi le-mycotoxin kuyingozi kuyashoda.

Noma kunjalo, uma ufuna ukunciphisa ubungozi bakho, phuza ikhwalithi kuphela, ikhofi ene-caffeine bese uyigcina endaweni eyomile, ebandayo.

Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukugwema ukufaka ushukela noma ukhilimu osindayo ukugcina ikhofi lakho liphilile ngangokunokwenzeka.