I-Papillary Carcinoma ye-Thyroid

-Delile

• Izimpawu ze-papillary carcinoma yegilo
• Ziyini izimbangela ze-papillary carcinoma yegilo?
• Ukuhlola nokuxilonga umdlavuza wegilo we-papillary
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• I-Ultrasound
• Iskena sendlala yegilo
• Isidumbu
• Isiteji somdlavuza wegilo we-papillary
• Abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-45
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-45
• Ukwelashwa kwe-papillary carcinoma yegilo
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• Imisebe yangaphandle
• Imisebe yangaphakathi
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ukwelashwa kwehomoni yegilo
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe
• Uyini umbono womdlavuza wegilo we-papillary?

Yini i-papillary carcinoma yegilo?

Indlala yegilo ukwakheka kovemvane futhi ihlala ngaphezu kwethambo lakho lekhola enkabeni yentamo yakho. Umsebenzi wawo ukukhipha ama-hormone alawula imetabolism yakho nokukhula kwakho.

Izigaxa ezingavamile entanyeni yakho zingaba uphawu lwenkinga yegilo. Esikhathini esiningi, isigaxa siyoba sobala futhi singabi nabungozi. Kungaba ukwakheka okulula kwamaseli we-thyroid amaningi eye akha izicubu eziningi. Kwesinye isikhathi isigaxa siyi-papillary carcinoma yegilo.

Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zomdlavuza wegilo. I-papillary carcinoma yegilo luhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lo mdlavuza uvame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-45.

I-Papillary carcinoma yegilozi ngumdlavuza okhula kancane ovame ukukhula kwilobhu elilodwa lendlala yegilo. Uma ubanjwe usaqala lo mdlavuza unezinga eliphezulu lokusinda.

Izimpawu ze-papillary carcinoma yegilo

I-papillary carcinoma yegilo ngokuvamile ayinasifo, okusho ukuthi ayinazo izimpawu. Ungazizwa unesigaxa ku-thyroid yakho kepha amaqhubu amaningi ku-thyroid awunawo umdlavuza. Kepha uma uzizwa unesigaxa, kusamele ubonane nodokotela wakho. Bazokwazi ukukunikeza ukuhlolwa noku-oda izivivinyo zokuxilonga uma kunesidingo.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-papillary carcinoma yegilo?

Imbangela ngqo ye-papillary carcinoma yegilo ayaziwa. Kungahle kube nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuhilelekile kepha ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuqinisekisa le hypothesis.

Isici esisodwa esiyingozi kulesi sifo ukuvezwa kwemisebe ekhanda, entanyeni noma esifubeni. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngaphambi kweminyaka yama-1960 lapho imisebe kwakuyindlela ejwayelekile yokwelashwa kwezimo ezinjengezinduna namathoni avuvukile. Imisebe kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha eminye imidlavuza.

Abantu abadalulwe izinhlekelele zenuzi noma abake bahlala ngaphakathi kwamamayela angama-200 enhlekeleleni yenuzi basengozini enkulu. Kungadingeka ukuthi bathathe i-potassium iodide ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza.

Ukuhlola nokuxilonga umdlavuza wegilo we-papillary

Udokotela wakho angathola i-papillary carcinoma yegilo esebenzisa izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuzoveza noma yikuphi ukuvuvukala kwendlala yegilo nezicubu eziseduze. Udokotela wakho angabe ese-oda isifiso esihle senaliti yegilozi. Lokhu kuyi-biopsy lapho udokotela wakho eqoqa izicubu esigaxeni esiku-thyroid yakho. Lesi sicubu bese sihlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuthola amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Udokotela wakho angalawula ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze abheke amazinga e-hormone evuselela i-thyroid (TSH). I-TSH yihomoni ekhishwa yindlala ye-pituitary, evuselela ukukhishwa kwehomoni yegilo. I-TSH eningi kakhulu noma encane kakhulu iyimbangela yokukhathazeka. Kungakhombisa izifo ezahlukahlukene ze-thyroid, kepha akucacisanga ngesimo esisodwa, kufaka phakathi umdlavuza.

I-Ultrasound

Uchwepheshe uzokwenza i-ultrasound yegciwane lakho le-thyroid. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-imaging kuzovumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abone usayizi nokuma kwe-thyroid yakho. Bazokwazi futhi ukuthola noma yimaphi amaqhuqhuva futhi banqume ukuthi ngabe bayizinkumbi eziqinile noma bagcwele uketshezi. Amaqhuqhuva agcwele uketshezi ngokuvamile akuwona umdlavuza, kuyilapho okuqinile kunethuba elikhulu lokuba kubi.

Iskena sendlala yegilo

Udokotela wakho angafuna futhi ukuskena i-thyroid. Ngale nqubo, uzogwinya inani elincane ledayi enemisebe ezothathwa amaseli akho e-thyroid. Uma ubheka indawo yesigaxa esikeni, udokotela wakho uzobona ukuthi "kuyashisa" noma "kuyabanda." Amaqhuqhuva ashisayo athatha kakhulu udayi kunezicubu ze-thyroid eziseduze futhi imvamisa awunawo umdlavuza. Amaqhuqhuva abandayo awathathi udayi omningi njengezicubu ezizungezile futhi maningi amathuba okuba abulale.

Isidumbu

Udokotela wakho wenza i-biopsy ukuthola ucezu oluncane lwezicubu ku-thyroid yakho. Ukuxilongwa okucacile kungenzeka ngemuva kokuthi izicubu zihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Lokhu kuzophinde kuvumele ukuxilongwa ukuthi hlobo luni lomdlavuza wegilo okhona.

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza i-biopsy enze inqubo ebizwa nge-fine needle aspiration. Noma bangahlinzwa uma bedinga isampula elikhudlwana. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho uvame ukukhipha ingxenye enkulu yegilo futhi angasusa ngisho nayo yonke indlala uma kunesidingo.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa noma okunye ukuhlolwa uma unenkinga noma imibuzo. Udokotela wakho kufanele akuchazele ukuthi yini, uma ikhona, imithi ongayidinga ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Isiteji somdlavuza wegilo we-papillary

Ngemuva kokuxilongwa, udokotela wakho uzobeka umdlavuza. Isiteji igama elisetshenziselwa ukuthi odokotela bahlukanisa kanjani ubukhulu besifo kanye nokwelashwa okudingekayo.

Isiteji somdlavuza we-thyroid sihlukile kunamanye umdlavuza. Kunezigaba 1 kuya ku-4, ngokulandelana kobunzima obukhuphukayo. Ukubeka iziteji kubuye kubheke iminyaka yomuntu kanye nohlobo oluncane lomdlavuza wabo wegilo. Isiteji somdlavuza wegilo we-papillary simi kanje:

Abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-45

• isigaba 1: Isimila sinanoma yisiphi isayizi, singaba se-thyroid, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi sisabalalele ezicutshini nakuma-lymph node aseduze. Umdlavuza awusabalalanga kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• isigaba 2Isimila sinanoma yisiphi isayizi kanti umdlavuza ususabalele nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba njengamaphaphu noma ithambo. Kungenzeka ukuthi isakaze kuma-lymph node.

Asikho isigaba 3 noma isigaba 4 sabantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-45 abanomdlavuza we-thyroid.

Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-45

• isigaba 1: Isimila singaphansi kwamasentimitha ama-2 (cm) kanti umdlavuza utholakala kuphela endlaleni yegilo.
• isigaba 2: Isimila sikhulu kuno-2 cm kodwa sincane kuno-4 cm futhi sisatholakala kuphela endlaleni yegilo.
• isigaba 3: Isimila singaphezu kuka-4 cm futhi sikhule kancane ngaphandle kwendlala yegilo, kodwa asisakazekanga kuma-lymph node noma kwezinye izitho eziseduze. Noma, isimila sinanoma yisiphi isayizi futhi kungenzeka ukuthi sakhula kancane ngaphandle kwe-thyroid futhi sasakazeka kuma-lymph node azungeze i-thyroid entanyeni. Akusakazekanga kwamanye ama-lymph node noma ezinye izitho.
• isigaba 4: Isimila sinanoma yisiphi isayizi futhi sesinabele nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba njengamaphaphu namathambo. Kungenzeka ukuthi isakaze kuma-lymph node.

Ukwelashwa kwe-papillary carcinoma yegilo

Ngokusho kweMayo Clinic, ukwelashwa okujwayelekile komdlavuza wegilo we-papillary kufaka:

• ukuhlinzwa
• ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kufaka phakathi i-radioactive iodine therapy (NCI)
• ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• ukwelashwa kwehomoni yegilo
• ukwelashwa okubhekiswe

Uma umdlavuza wegilo we-papillary ungasetshenziswanga noma usakazeke, ukuhlinzwa kanye ne-iodine enemisebe kuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu.

Ukuhlinzwa

Uma uhlinzeka ngomdlavuza we-thyroid, ungahle ususwe ingxenye noma yonke indlala yakho yegilo. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza lokhu ngokwenza imbobo entanyeni yakho lapho ungaphansi kwesidakamizwa. Uma udokotela wakho esusa yonke i-thyroid yakho, kuzodingeka uthathe ama-hormone e-thyroid eyengeziwe impilo yakho yonke ukuphatha i-hypothyroidism.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zokwelashwa ngemisebe: ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Imisebe yangaphandle ibandakanya umshini ongaphandle komzimba othumela imisebe emzimbeni. Imisebe yangaphakathi, ukwelashwa kwe-iodine enemisebe (radioiodine), iza ifomu eliketshezi noma lephilisi.

Imisebe yangaphandle

Imisebe yangaphandle yesiguli iyindlela yokwelashwa eqondisa imishayo ye-X-ray endaweni yomdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo ezinomdlavuza zomdlavuza we-thyroid. Kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu uma umdlavuza wegilo we-papillary usakazeka kusuka ku-thyroid noma lapho ingozi yokuhlinzwa iphezulu kakhulu.

Imisebe yogongolo lwangaphandle inganikeza nokwelashwa okunciphisayo lapho ukwelashwa kungenzeki. Imithi yokwelapha isiza ukuphatha izimpawu, kepha ngeke ithinte umdlavuza.

Imisebe yangaphakathi

Ukwenza i-hormone yegilo, amaseli e-thyroid athatha iodine egazini ayisebenzisele ukwenza i-hormone. Ayikho enye ingxenye yomzimba wakho egxila iodine ngale ndlela. Lapho amangqamuzana e-thyroid anomdlavuza emunca iodine enemisebe, abulala amaseli.

Ukwelashwa kwe-iodine enemisebe kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwento enemisebe ye-I-131. Ungathola le tholampilo kusimo sokugula ngoba umuthi we-I-131 uza ketshezi noma i-capsule. Iningi lengxenye enemisebe yomuthi izobe ingasekho emzimbeni wakho kungakapheli isonto.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali imisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ekuhlukaneni. Uzothola lokhu kwelashwa ngomjovo.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ekhomba izinhlobo ezithile zamaseli womdlavuza. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza unqume ukuthi imuphi umuthi ofanele wena.

Ukwelashwa kwehomoni yegilo

Ukwelashwa kweHormone ukwelashwa komdlavuza okususa ama-hormone noma kuvimbe isenzo sabo futhi kumise amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi angakhuli. Udokotela wakho angakunika imithi evimba umzimba wakho ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone ashukumisa i-thyroid. Lawa ngamahomoni enza umdlavuza ukhule endlaleni yegilo.

Abanye abantu abane-thyroid esuswe kancane bazothatha amaphilisi wokufaka ama-hormone ngoba i-thyroid yabo ayikwazi ukukhiqiza ama-hormone e-thyroid anele.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

Izidakamizwa zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe zifuna isici esithile kumaseli womdlavuza, njengokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo noma amaprotheni, futhi zinamathele kulawo maseli. Uma isinamathiselwe, le mithi ingabulala amaseli noma ingasiza ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njenge-chemotherapy, zisebenze kangcono.

Izidakamizwa zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe ezivunyiwe zomdlavuza we-thyroid zifaka i-vandetanib (Caprelsa), i-cabozantinib (COMETRIQ), ne-sorafenib (Nexavar).

Uyini umbono womdlavuza wegilo we-papillary?

Umbono womdlavuza wegilo we-papillary muhle kakhulu uma utholakala kusenesikhathi. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ekwelapheni lesi sifo. Bheka udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi izigaxa ezungeze isifunda se-thyroid.