Umlobi: Lewis Jackson
Usuku Lokudalwa: 13 Mhlawumbe 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 17 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
π—§π—›π—œπ—¦ is How Human Intelligence Evolved from π—£π˜€π˜†π—°π—΅π—²π—Ήπ—Άπ—° π— π˜‚π˜€π—΅π—Ώπ—Όπ—Όπ—Ίπ˜€ 🀯
Ividiyo: π—§π—›π—œπ—¦ is How Human Intelligence Evolved from π—£π˜€π˜†π—°π—΅π—²π—Ήπ—Άπ—° π— π˜‚π˜€π—΅π—Ώπ—Όπ—Όπ—Ίπ˜€ 🀯

-Delile

Ukubuka konke

Umdlavuza wolimi uhlobo lomdlavuza oqala kumaseli olimi, futhi ungadala izilonda noma izicubu olimini lwakho. Luhlobo lomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo.

Umdlavuza wolimi ungenzeka ngaphambili kolimi, okubizwa ngokuthi "umdlavuza wolimi lomlomo." Noma kungenzeka phansi kolimi, eduze kwalapho kufinyelela khona phansi komlomo wakho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "umdlavuza we-oropharyngeal."

I-squamous cell carcinoma uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wolimi. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lwenzeka:

  • ebusweni besikhumba
  • ulwelwesi lomlomo, ikhala, umphimbo, igilo, nomphimbo
  • ulwelwesi lwamapheshana okuphefumula nawokugaya ukudla

Zonke lezi zingxenye zomzimba zimbozwe ngamangqamuzana angama-squamous.

Izigaba namamaki

Umdlavuza wolimi uhlukaniswa kusetshenziswa izigaba namabanga. Isiteji sikhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani. Isigaba ngasinye sinezigaba ezintathu ezingaba khona:

  • I-T isho ubukhulu besimila. Isigaxa esincane ngu-T1 kanti isimila esikhulu yi-T4.
  • I-N ibhekisa ekutheni umdlavuza usabalale yini waya kuma-lymph node entanyeni. I-N0 isho ukuthi umdlavuza awusabalalanga, kuyilapho u-N3 usho ukuthi ususabalele kuma-lymph node amaningi.
  • I-M isho ukuthi kukhona noma cha ama-metastases (ukukhula okwengeziwe) kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Izinga lomdlavuza lisho ukuthi linolaka kangakanani nokuthi lisakazeka kanjani. Umdlavuza wolimi ungaba:


  • okuphansi (okukhula kancane futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi kusabalale)
  • ngokulinganisela
  • okuphezulu (okunolaka kakhulu futhi okungenzeka kusabalale)

Izithombe zomdlavuza wolimi

Ziyini izimpawu?

Ezigabeni zokuqala zomdlavuza wolimi, ikakhulukazi ngomdlavuza phansi kolimi, ungahle ungaboni zimpawu. Uphawu lokuqala oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wolimi luyisilonda olimini lwakho olungapholi nolopha kalula. Ungase futhi uqaphele ubuhlungu bomlomo noma bolimi.

Ezinye izimpawu zomdlavuza wolimi zifaka:

  • isichibi esibomvu noma esimhlophe olimini lwakho esiqhubekayo
  • isilonda solimi esiqhubekayo
  • ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya
  • ukuba ndikindiki komlomo
  • umphimbo obuhlungu oqhubekayo
  • ukopha olimini lwakho ngaphandle kwesizathu
  • isigaxa olimini lwakho esiqhubekayo

Kubangelwa yini futhi ubani osengozini?

Ayaziwa imbangela yomdlavuza wolimi. Kodwa-ke, izindlela ezithile zokuziphatha nezimo zingakhuphula ubungozi bakho, kufaka phakathi:

  • ukubhema noma ukubhema ugwayi
  • ukuphuza kakhulu
  • ukutheleleka nge-human papillomavirus (HPV), isifo esithathelwana ngocansi
  • ukuhlafuna i-betel, okuvame kakhulu eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia
  • umlando womndeni wolimi noma eminye imidlavuza yomlomo
  • umlando womuntu womdlavuza othile, njengamanye amagciwane omdlavuza weseli
  • ukudla okungenampilo (kukhona ukuthi ukudla okuphansi kwezithelo nemifino kwandisa ubungozi bawo wonke umdlavuza womlomo)
  • inhlanzeko yomlomo engeyinhle (ukucasuka njalo emazinyweni aminyene noma amazinyo okufakelwa angafanele kungakhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza wolimi)

Umdlavuza wolimi uvame kakhulu emadodeni amadala kunabesifazane noma kubantu abasha. Umdlavuza womlomo uvame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala.


Kutholakala kanjani?

Ukuthola umdlavuza wolimi, udokotela wakho uzoqala athathe umlando wezokwelapha. Bazokubuza nganoma yimuphi umndeni noma umlando womuntu siqu womdlavuza, ukuthi uyabhema noma uyaphuza nokuthi ungakanani, nokuthi ngabe wake wahlolwa ukuthi unegciwane le-HPV. Ngemuva kwalokho bazokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba wakho ukuze babheke izimpawu zomdlavuza, njengezilonda ezingapholi. Bazophinde futhi bahlole ama-lymph node aseduze, ukubheka ukuvuvukala.

Uma udokotela wakho ebona noma yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza wolimi, bazokwenza i-biopsy yendawo yomdlavuza osolwayo. I-incisional biopsy uhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwe-biopsy. Kulolu hlobo lwe-biopsy, udokotela wakho uzosusa ucezu oluncane lomdlavuza osolwayo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo ehhovisi likadokotela wakho.

Esikhundleni se-incision biopsy, udokotela wakho angenza uhlobo olusha lwe-biopsy olubizwa nge-brush biopsy. Kule biopsy, bazogingqa ibhulashi elincane endaweni yomdlavuza osolwayo. Lokhu kubangela ukopha okuncane futhi kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi aqoqe amaseli ukuze ahlolwe.


Amaseli avela kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-biopsy azothunyelwa ebhodini ukuze lihlaziywe. Uma unomdlavuza wolimi, udokotela wakho angenza i-CT scan noma i-MRI ukubona ukuthi ijule kangakanani nokuthi isakazeka kangakanani.

Ilashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wolimi kuya ngokuthi isisu sikhulu kangakanani nokuthi umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani. Ungahle udinge ukwelashwa okukodwa noma ungadinga inhlanganisela yokwelashwa.

Umdlavuza womlomo wokuqala ongakasakazeki uvame ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa okuncane ukususa indawo ethintekile. Izicubu ezinkulu ngokuvamile zidinga ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa okuthiwa i-glossectomy engaphelele, lapho kukhishwa khona ingxenye yolimi.

Uma odokotela besusa ucezu olukhulu lolimi lwakho, ungahlinzwa kabusha. Kulokhu kuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho uzothatha ucezu lwesikhumba noma izicubu kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba wakho akusebenzise ngalo ukwakha ulimi lwakho. Inhloso yakho kokubili ukuhlinzwa kwe-glossectomy nokwakhiwa kabusha ukususa umdlavuza ngenkathi kulimaza umlomo wakho omncane ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-Glossectomy ingaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi izinguquko endleleni odla ngayo, ophefumula ngayo, okhuluma ngayo nogwinya ngayo. Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kungakusiza ufunde ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zinguquko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kungakusiza ubhekane nakho.

Uma umdlavuza usabalalele kuma-lymph node wakho, lawo azosuswa ngokuhlinzwa.

Uma unesimila esikhulu olimini lwakho noma umdlavuza usabalele, mhlawumbe kuzodingeka ube nenhlanganisela yokuhlinzwa ukuze ususe isimila nemisebe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi wonke amangqamuzana e-tumor ayasuswa noma abulawe. Lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi njengomlomo owomile nezinguquko zokunambitha.

Odokotela futhi bangancoma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukwelapha umdlavuza wakho, ngokuhambisana nokuhlinzwa kanye / noma nemisebe.

Kungavinjelwa?

Unganciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wolimi ngokugwema izinto ezingaholela kumdlavuza wolimi, nangokunakekela umlomo wakho. Ukunciphisa ubungozi bakho:

  • ungabhemi noma uhlafune ugwayi
  • ungaphuzi, noma uphuze ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela
  • musa ukuhlafuna ibetel
  • thola inkambo ephelele yokugoma i-HPV
  • yenza ucansi oluphephile, ikakhulukazi ucansi lomlomo
  • faka izithelo nemifino eningi ekudleni kwakho
  • qiniseka ukuthi uxubha amazinyo akho nsuku zonke futhi uvunguza njalo
  • bonana nodokotela wamazinyo kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, uma kungenzeka

Uyini umbono?

Isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda komdlavuza wolimi (esiqhathanisa ukusinda kwabantu abanomdlavuza nezinga elilindelekile lokusinda labantu abangenawo umdlavuza) sincike esigabeni somdlavuza. Uma umdlavuza ususabalale kakhulu, izinga lokusinda elihlobene neminyaka emihlanu lingamaphesenti angama-36. Uma umdlavuza usabalale endaweni kuphela (ngokwesibonelo, kuma-lymph node entanyeni), isilinganiso sokusinda esihlobene singamaphesenti angama-63. Uma umdlavuza ungasakazekanga ngaphezu kolimi, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda esihlobene ngamaphesenti angama-78.

Njengoba la mazinga okusinda ekhombisa, ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kuholela emiphumeleni engcono. Ngokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi, ungelashwa ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza usabalale. Uma unesigaxa, isilonda, noma isilonda olimini lwakho olungapheli emva kwesikhathi eside, kufanele ubone udokotela wakho. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi komdlavuza wolimi kuvumela ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa, kube nemiphumela engemihle embalwa, kanye nezinga elihle lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu.

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