Yini engaba ukukhwehlela igazi nokuthi wenzeni

-Delile

• 1. Ukulimala kwezindiza
• 2. Inyumoniya
• 3. Isifo Sofuba
• 4. I-bronchiectasis
• 5. Embolism yamaphaphu
• 6. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Uzoya nini kudokotela
• Yini engaba ukukhwehlela igazi ezinganeni

Ukukhwehlela igazi, ngokwezobuchwepheshe okubizwa ngokuthi i-hemoptysis, akuhlali kuwuphawu lwenkinga enkulu, futhi kungavela kuphela ngenxa yesilonda esincane emakhaleni noma emphinjeni esopha uma ukhwehlela.

Kodwa-ke, uma ukukhwehlela kuhambisana negazi elibomvu elikhanyayo kungaba futhi uphawu lwezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, njenge-pneumonia, isifo sofuba noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku.

Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nodokotela ojwayelekile noma udokotela wamaphaphu noma nini lapho ukukhwehlela okunegazi kuthatha amahora angaphezu kwama-24 ukunyamalala noma lapho inani legazi likhulu noma landa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

1. Ukulimala kwezindiza

Engxenyeni enkulu yamacala, ukukhwehlela okunegazi kubangelwa ukulimala okulula ekhaleni, ukucasuka komphimbo noma ngenxa yokuhlolwa okuthile, okufana ne-bronchoscopy, i-lung biopsy, i-endoscopy noma ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha amalaka, isibonelo.

Okufanele ngikwenze: ezimweni eziningi, ukukhwehlela okunegazi kuyazihlalela ngaphandle kokudinga ukwelashwa, kodwa-ke, uma ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku olungu-1 kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela wamaphaphu ukukhomba inkinga bese uqala ukwelashwa okufanele.

2. Inyumoniya

I-pneumonia yisifo esibi samaphaphu esivame ukudala izimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okunegazi, umkhuhlane ongazelelwe nangaphezulu kuka-38ºC, ukuphefumula nobuhlungu besifuba. Imvamisa ivela ngemuva kokunakekelwa kabi komkhuhlane noma amakhaza, lapho amagciwane noma amabhaktheriya akwazi ukufinyelela ku-alveoli, kuphazamisa ukufika komoya-mpilo kumaseli. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo sezivivinyo nokwelashwa kungafaka ama-antibiotic.

Okufanele ngikwenze: njengoba ezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonia zidinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic kungakuhle ukuthi uye kudokotela we-pulmonologist ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa bese uqala ukwelashwa okufanele. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, inyumoniya ingathinta kakhulu ukuphefumula, futhi kungadingeka ngisho nokuhlala esibhedlela. Thola kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo nokuthi yiziphi izinketho ezitholakalayo.

3. Isifo Sofuba

Ngaphezu kokukhwehlela okunegazi, okuyizimpawu zesifo sofuba, lesi sifo singadala nezinye izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ongapheli, ukujuluka ebusuku, ukukhathala ngokweqile nokuncipha. Kulokhu, ukukhwehlela kufanele kube khona isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amathathu futhi akubonakali kuhlobene nanoma imuphi umkhuhlane. Isivivinyo esikhomba isifo sofuba samaphaphu ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela kanti ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane.

Okufanele ngikwenze: isifo sofuba sibangelwa yi-bacterium futhi, ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwayo kwenziwa njalo ngama-antibiotic adinga ukusetshenziswa izinyanga ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho isifo selulame ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, noma nini lapho kusolwa khona isifo sofuba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxhumana nodokotela wamaphaphu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa, abantu abaseduze kakhulu kufanele baxwayiswe ukuze nabo bahlolwe isifo sofuba, njengoba lesi sifo sisakazeka kalula. Bona imininingwane eminingi yokwelashwa.

4. I-bronchiectasis

Lesi sifo sokuphefumula sibangela ukukhwehlela kwegazi eliya ngokuya liba libi kakhulu ngenxa yokuxebuka unomphela kwe-bronchi, okungabangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane noma ezinye izifo zokuphefumula ezifana ne-bronchitis, i-asthma noma i-pneumonia.

Okufanele ngikwenze: engxenyeni enhle yamacala i-bronchiectasis ayinakho ukwelashwa, noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amakhambi asiza ukukhulula izimpawu kakhulu, athuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo. La makhambi angabekwa ngudokotela wamaphaphu ngemuva kokuhlola izimpawu. Thola kabanzi mayelana nalesi sifo nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo.

5. Embolism yamaphaphu

I-pulmonary embolism yinkinga enkulu okufanele ilashwe ngokushesha okukhulu esibhedlela. Imvamisa kwenzeka ngenxa yobukhona behlwili elivimbela ukudlula kwegazi liye emaphashini, kubangele ukufa kwezicubu ezithintekile nobunzima obukhulu ekuphefumuleni. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokukhwehlela igazi, kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuthola ukuphefumula okukhulu, iminwe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubuhlungu besifuba nokukhuphuka kwenhliziyo. Qonda okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi i-pulmonary embolism ivela kanjani.

Okufanele ngikwenze: noma kunini lapho kuba khona ukuphefumula okukhulu, okuhambisana nobuhlungu besifuba nokukhwehlela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukushesha uye esibhedlela ukuyoqinisekisa ukuthi akuyona inkinga enkulu njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma imbumbulu yamaphaphu.

6. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu usolwa uma kunokukhwehlela okunegazi nokuncipha kwesisindo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, ngaphandle kokudla noma ukuvivinya umzimba. Ezinye izimpawu ezingaba khona ukukhathala nobuthakathaka, okungenzeka lapho umdlavuza uqala emaphashini, njengoba kuvame kakhulu kubantu ababhemayo, noma lapho kune-metastases emaphashini. Yazi ezinye izimpawu ezingakhombisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Okufanele ngikwenze: impumelelo yokwelashwa komdlavuza ihlale iba nkulu lapho kutholakala umdlavuza ekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke, noma nini lapho kunezimpawu ezingakhombisa inkinga yamaphaphu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxhumana nodokotela wamaphaphu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanomlando womndeni womdlavuza wamaphaphu noma ababhemayo kufanele babe nokuqokwa okuphindayo nodokotela wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50.

Uzoya nini kudokotela

Lapho ubona ubukhona bokukhwehlela igazi, umuntu kufanele azole futhi azame ukuthola imbangela yakhe. Ezinye zezimo okufanele zibhekwe yilezi:

• Inani legazi elikhona;
• Uma kukhona iminonjana yegazi emlonyeni noma ekhaleni;
• Ngesikhathi kuqala ukubonwa igazi;
• Uma umuntu esevele enesifo sokuphefumula ngaphambi kokuba kuvele lolu phawu;
• Uma kunezinye izimpawu ezinjengokuphefumula kancane, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuphefumula okufishane nokushaywa umoya, imisindo lapho uphefumula, umkhuhlane, ikhanda noma ukuquleka.

Uma usola ukuthi isimo sibucayi, kufanele ushayele abayi-192 ushayele i-SAMU noma uye egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze uhlolwe isimo ngudokotela.

Yini engaba ukukhwehlela igazi ezinganeni

Ezinganeni imbangela ejwayeleke kakhulu ukuba khona kwezinto ezincane abazifaka emakhaleni noma emlonyeni bese zigcina sezisemaphashini zidale ukukhwehlela okomile kanye nezinsalela ezinegazi. Kulokhu kuvamile ukungabi negazi eliningi elibandakanyekayo kodwa kubalulekile ukuyisa ingane esibhedlela ukuze ikhishwe i-x-ray ukuze kutholakale imbangela.

Udokotela angasebenzisa futhi ithuluzi elincane ukubheka izindlebe, ikhala nomphimbo wengane ngezinto ezincane ezifana namacici, ama-tarrachas, ummbila, uphizi, ubhontshisi noma amathoyizi okungenzeka angenisiwe kulezi zindawo. Ngokuya ngento efakiwe nendawo okuyo, ingasuswa nge-forceps futhi ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka.

Okunye, izimbangela ezingandile kakhulu zokukhwehlela okunegazi ezinganeni nasezinganeni yisifo samaphaphu noma senhliziyo, okumele sitholwe futhi silashwe ngudokotela wezingane. Uma kwenzeka ungabaza, thintana nodokotela wezingane.