Ukuqhamuka Kwezinganekwane Ezidlulisela Igciwane Lesandulela Ngculaza

-Delile

• Yini i-HIV?
• Ukudluliswa ngamanzi omzimba
• I-anatomy yokudlulisa
• Amabhange egazi neminikelo yezitho zomzimba iphephile
• Ukuthintana okuvamile nokuqabulana kuphephile
• Izinganekwane ezidluliswayo: Ukuluma, ukuklwebha, nokukhafula
• Izinketho zocansi eziphephile
• Hlanza izinaliti
• Imfundo ixosha izinganekwane nezinhlamba

Yini i-HIV?

I-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) igciwane elihlasela amasosha omzimba. I-HIV ingadala ukutholakala kwe-immunodeficiency syndrome (i-AIDS), ukuxilongwa kokutheleleka nge-HIV okwenzeka sekwedlule isikhathi okwenza buthakathaka amasosha omzimba futhi kungabulala, uma kuyekwa kungalashwa.

Umuntu oyedwa angadlulisela i-HIV komunye ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ukuqonda amaqiniso kunokukholelwa ezinganekwaneni mayelana nokudluliswa kwe-HIV kungavimbela kokubili ukusabalala kolwazi olungelona iqiniso kanye nokudluliswa kwe-HIV.

Ukudluliswa ngamanzi omzimba

Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingadluliswa nguketshezi oluthile lomzimba olukwazi ukuba nezinga eliphezulu le-HIV. Lolu ketshezi lubandakanya igazi, isidoda, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nama-rectal, nobisi lwebele.

I-HIV idluliswa lapho uketshezi oluvela kumuntu onamanani alinganisekayo egciwane emzimbeni wakhe (one-HIV) edlulela ngqo egazini noma ngezicubu zomlomo, ukusikeka, noma izilonda ezivulekile zomuntu ongenayo i-HIV (engenayo i-HIV).

Uketshezi lwe-amniotic nolomgogodla nakho kungaqukatha i-HIV futhi kungahle kube yingozi kubasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ababhekene nabo. Olunye uketshezi lomzimba, njengezinyembezi namathe, ALUKWAZI ukusabalalisa ukutheleleka.

I-anatomy yokudlulisa

Ukuchayeka nge-HIV kungenzeka ngesikhathi socansi. Ubulili besitho sangasese sowesifazane nobulili bendunu bunobungozi bokudluliswa kwe-HIV, uma kuvezwa. Kuke kwabikwa amacala okudluliswa kwe-HIV ngokuya ocansini ngomlomo, kepha kubhekwa njengokungajwayelekile kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokudluliswa ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini.

Ubulili obuyingqimba buba nengozi enkulu yokudluliswa phakathi kocansi. Ukopha kungenzeka kakhulu ngesikhathi socansi lwendunu ngenxa yezicubu ezintekenteke ezigcwala ingquza nomsele wangasese. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi igciwane lingene emzimbeni kalula ngisho noma kungabonakali ukopha okubonakalayo, njengoba amakhefu e-mucosa yangemuva angaba microscopic.

Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza futhi lingadluliselwa lisuka kowesifazane liye enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, sokubeletha, nangokuncelisa. Noma isiphi isimo lapho othile echayeka ngqo egazini lomuntu ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza futhi onesifo segciwane elibonakalayo noma elilinganisekayo kungaba yingozi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinaliti zokwabelana ngomjovo wokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma ukuthola i-tattoo ngezinsimbi ezingcolile. Imithetho yokuphepha ngokuvamile ivimbela ukutheleleka okuhlobene nokumpontshelwa igazi.

Amabhange egazi neminikelo yezitho zomzimba iphephile

Ingozi yokutheleleka nge-HIV ngokumpontshelwa igazi, eminye imikhiqizo yegazi, noma ukunikelwa kwezitho zomzimba manje isiyivelakancane kakhulu e-United States. waqala ukuhlola lonke igazi elinikelwe nge-HIV ngo-1985, ngemuva kokuba abezokwelapha bebone ukuthi igazi elinikelwe kungaba umthombo wokutheleleka nge-HIV. Ukuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe kwafakwa ngeminyaka yama-1990s ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokuphepha kwegazi nezitho ezinikelwe. Iminikelo yegazi okuhlolwa ukuthi inegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ilahlwa ngokuphepha futhi ayingeni egazini laseU.S. Ingozi yokudluliswa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngesikhathi sokumpontshelwa igazi ilinganiselwa ukuthi kufanele, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Ukuthintana okuvamile nokuqabulana kuphephile

Akunasidingo sokwesaba ukuthi ukuqabula noma ukuxhumana okungajwayelekile nomuntu ophila ne-HIV kungadlulisa i-HIV. Leli gciwane alihlali esikhunjeni futhi alikwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle komzimba. Ngakho-ke, ukuxhumana okungajwayelekile, njengokubambana ngezandla, ukwangana, noma ukuhlala eduze komuntu ophila ne-HIV, ngeke kulidlulisele leli gciwane.

Ukuqabulana komlomo ovaliwe akulona usongo. Ukuqabula okujulile, okuvuleke umlomo kungaba yingozi uma kuhilela igazi elibonakalayo, njengokuphuma ezinsinini nasezilondweni zomlomo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Amathe awadlulisi i-HIV.

Izinganekwane ezidluliswayo: Ukuluma, ukuklwebha, nokukhafula

Ukunwaya nokukhafula akuzona izindlela zokudlulisa i-HIV. Ukuklwebheka akuholeli ekushintshaneni koketshezi lomzimba. Sebenzisa amagilavu ​​lapho udweba igazi kusiza ukuvikela ekudlulisweni uma ukuvezwa ngengozi kwegciwane elithelelekile kwenzeka. Ukulunywa okungaphuli isikhumba akukwazi ukudlulisa i-HIV nakho. Kodwa-ke, ukuluma okuvula isikhumba futhi kubangele ukopha kunga - yize kube nezigameko ezimbalwa kakhulu zokulunywa komuntu okubangela ukuhlukumezeka okwanele esikhunjeni ukudlulisa i-HIV.

Izinketho zocansi eziphephile

Ungazivikela ekuthelelekeni nge-HIV ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziphephile zocansi, kufaka phakathi ukusebenzisa amakhondomu nokuthatha i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Sebenzisa ikhondomu entsha njalo uma uya ocansini lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, somlomo noma sendunu. Khumbula ukusebenzisa izinto zokugcoba ezenziwa ngamanzi noma nge-silicon ezinamakhondomu. Imikhiqizo esekwe ku-oyili ingadiliza i-latex, inyuse ubungozi bokuhluleka kwekhondomu.

I-Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) umuthi wansuku zonke umuntu ongatholi i-HIV angawuthatha ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuthola i-HIV. Ngokwe-CDC, ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kwe-PrEP kungehlisa ubungozi bokuthola i-HIV ngocansi

Ubulili obuphephile buhlanganisa nokugcina imigqa yokuxhumana evulekile nomlingani wakho. Xoxa ngobungozi obuhambisana nokuya ocansini ngaphandle kwamakhondomu, bese wabelana ngesimo sakho se-HIV nomlingani wakho ocansi. Uma umlingani ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza edla imishanguzo yokuthithibalisa igciwane lengculazi, uma sebefinyelele kumthamo wegciwane lengculazi ongabonakali abakwazi ukudlulisa i-HIV. Umlingani ongenayo i-HIV kufanele ahlolwe i-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.

Hlanza izinaliti

Izinaliti ezabiwe zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma ama-tattoo zingaba ngumthombo wokudluliswa kwe-HIV. Imiphakathi eminingi inikela ngezinhlelo zokushintshana ngezinaliti ezihlinzeka ngezinaliti ezihlanzekile ukunciphisa ukudluliswa kwe-HIV nezinye izifo ezifana ne-hepatitis C. Sebenzisa le nsiza njengoba kudingeka, bese ucela usizo kumhlinzeki wezokwelapha noma usonhlalonhle ukungenelela kokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa.

Imfundo ixosha izinganekwane nezinhlamba

Lapho i-HIV iqala ukuvela, ukuhlala ne-HIV kwakuyisigwebo sentambo esasinenhlamba enkulu emphakathini. Abaphenyi bafunde ukudluliswa kakhulu futhi bathuthukisa imishanguzo evumela abantu abaningi abangenwe ukuthi baphile impilo ende, ekhiqizayo futhi baqede noma iyiphi ingozi yokudlulisa i-HIV ngesikhathi socansi.

Namuhla, ukwenza ngcono ukufundiswa kwe-HIV nokuvala izinganekwane mayelana nokudluliswa kwe-HIV kuyizindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuqeda ukucwaswa komphakathi okusalokhu kuhlotshaniswa nokuphila ne-HIV.

Funda le ndatshana ngeSpanishi.