I-Tularemia

-Delile

• Yini i-tularemia?
• Ukudluliselwa kubantu
• Amafomu we-tularemia nezimpawu zawo
• I-ulceroglandular tularemia
• I-gulaular tularemia
• I-pneumonic tularemia
• I-tularemia ye-Oculoglandular
• I-Oropharyngeal tularemia
• I-typhoidal tularemia
• Izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-tularemia
• Izimbangela ze-tularemia
• Izici zobungozi be-tularemia
• Ukuhlonza i-tularemia
• Ukwelashwa kwe-tularemia
• Ukuvimbela i-tularemia
• Umbono we-tularemia

Yini i-tularemia?

I-Tularemia yisifo esithathelwanayo esivame ukuthelela lezi zilwane ezilandelayo:

• amagundane asendle
• izingwejeje
• izinyoni
• onogwaja

Lesi sifo sidalwa yigciwane UFrancisella tularensis. Kungasongela impilo.

Funda ukuze uthole ukuthi i-tularemia idluliselwa kanjani kubantu, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesifo nezimpawu zaso, izinketho zokwelashwa, nokuningi.

Ukudluliselwa kubantu

Abantu bangathola i-tularemia ngokuthinta ngqo isilwane esinegciwane noma umkhaza, umiyane, noma ukulunywa yizimpukane.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-tularemia zihlukaniswa lapho amagciwane angena khona emzimbeni womuntu.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwalesi sifo lubangelwa ukuxhumana kwesikhumba namagciwane. Isimo esibi kakhulu sesifo sibangelwa ukuhogela amagciwane.

I-Tularemia ingahle iphathwe ngama-antibiotic. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kunikeza umbono omuhle wokululama ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, amanye amacala abucayi angabulala ngisho nangokwelapha.

ITularemia ayivamile. Ngokuvamile kunamacala amasha ayi-100 kuya kwangama-200 abikwa e-United States unyaka nonyaka.

Amafomu we-tularemia nezimpawu zawo

Izimpawu ze-tularemia zingahluka kakhulu, kusuka ku-asymptomatic noma kumnene kuya ekusongeleni impilo. Izimpawu zivele zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5 zokutheleleka ngamagciwane, kepha kwezinye izimo kungathatha amasonto amabili ukuthi avele.

Izimpawu nazo zingahluka ngokuya ngokuthi amagciwane angena kuphi emzimbeni womuntu. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ze-tularemia nezimpawu ezihambisana nazo.

I-ulceroglandular tularemia

Izimpawu ze-ulceroglandular tularemia, noma ukutheleleka ngesikhumba, zingafaka:

• isilonda esikhunjeni lapho uthintana khona nesilwane esinegciwane noma lapho kulunywa khona
• ama-lymph node avuvukile eduze kwesilonda sesikhumba (imvamisa ekhwapheni noma emgodini)
• ikhanda elibuhlungu
• umkhuhlane
• Ukugodola
• ukukhathala

I-gulaular tularemia

Izimpawu ze-gulaular tularemia, noma ukutheleleka ngesikhumba, ziyefana nezimpawu ze-ulceroglandular kepha ngaphandle kwesilonda sesikhumba.

I-pneumonic tularemia

I-pneumonic tularemia iyindlela ebucayi kakhulu yalesi sifo. Idluliselwa ngokuhogela. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• ukukhwehlela okomile
• ubunzima bokuphefumula
• umkhuhlane omkhulu
• ubuhlungu besifuba

I-tularemia ye-Oculoglandular

Izimpawu ze-oculoglandular tularemia, noma ukutheleleka kweso, zingafaka:

• ukucasuka kweso
• ubuhlungu beso
• ukuvuvukala kwamehlo
• ukuphuma noma ukubomvu kweso
• isilonda ngaphakathi kwejwabu leso
• ukuvuvukala kwezindlala ezingemuva kwendlebe

I-Oropharyngeal tularemia

Izimpawu ze-oropharyngeal tularemia, noma ukutheleleka ngokungeniswa kwamagciwane, zingafaka:

• umphimbo obuhlungu
• izilonda emlonyeni
• ama-lymph node avuvukile entanyeni
• i-tonsillitis, noma amalaka okuvuvukala
• ukuhlanza
• isifo sohudo

I-typhoidal tularemia

Izimpawu zesimo esiyivelakancane salesi sifo, i-typhoidal tularemia, zingafaka:

• umkhuhlane omkhulu kakhulu
• ukukhathala ngokweqile
• isifo sohudo
• ukuhlanza

I-typhoidal tularemia ingaholela kwi-pneumonia kanye nesibindi esandisiwe kanye nobende.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-tularemia

Izimo ezinzima nezingalashwa ze-tularemia zingadala lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:

• ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okungapheli
• ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi oluzungeze ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla, okubizwa nge-meningitis
• ukufa

Izimbangela ze-tularemia

Igciwane UFrancisella tularensis kubangela i-tularemia. Izidalwa ezikwazi ukuthwala amabhaktheriya zifaka:

• imikhaza kanogwaja nenyamazane
• izinyamazane
• hares
• onogwaja
• amagundane
• ezifuywayo eziya ngaphandle

Yiluphi uhlobo lwe-tularemia olithuthukisayo oluncike ekutheni amabhaktheriya angena kanjani emzimbeni wakho.

Ukuchayeka kwesikhumba kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yalesi sifo. Ukuphefumula ngamaphaphu kuyindlela ebucayi kakhulu ye-tularemia.

Uma singelashwa, ezinye izinhlobo zesifo zingagcina zifinyelele kulezi zindawo zomzimba ezilandelayo:

• amaphaphu
• umhlonzo
• ubuchopho
• inhliziyo

Lesi sifo singadala izinkinga ezinkulu kwesinye isikhathi sife.

Umzila wokungena nezinhlobo ezivelayo ze-tularemia zifaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuvezwa kwesikhumba kubangela i-gulaular noma i-ulceroglandular tularemia.
• Ukuphefumula kwamagciwane akhiqizwa umoya kubanga i-pneumonic tularemia.
• Ukuvezwa ngeso kubangela i-oculoglandular tularemia.
• Ukungena kubangela i-oropharyngeal tularemia.
• Ukutheleleka okuhleliwe (okuthinta umzimba wonke) kubangela i-typhoidal tularemia.

Izici zobungozi be-tularemia

Izilwane zithwala amabhaktheriya abangela i-tularemia. Usengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo uma uxhumana njalo nezilwane.

Abantu abasengozini enkulu ye-tularemia bahlanganisa labo:

• sebenza eduze nezilwane, njengodokotela bezilwane, abagcini bezilwane, nabaqaphi bepaki
• bahlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi kakhulu
• sebenza ngezidumbu zezilwane, ezinjengabazingeli, abezentela, nababheki
• sebenza engadini nasekulungiseni ingadi

Ukuhlonza i-tularemia

Ukuhlonza i-tularemia akulula ngoba kungavela kaningi njengezinye izifo. Imizila eyahlukahlukene yokungena kwebhaktheriya iyinkinga inkinga.

Udokotela wakho kufanele athembele kakhulu kumlando wakho siqu nowezokwelapha ukusiza ukukuxilonga.

Udokotela wakho angasola i-tularemia uma uke waba nokuhamba kwakamuva, ukulunywa yizinambuzane, noma ukuxhumana nezilwane. Bangasola nokuthi unalesi sifo uma usuvele unesimo esibi sezempilo esibeka engozini amasosha akho omzimba, njengomdlavuza noma i-HIV.

Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-serology ukuthola i-tularemia. Lokhu kuhlola kubheka amasosha omzimba athize akhiwe ngumzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka.

Ngoba ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kungahle kungatholi ama-antibody ngaso sonke isikhathi, udokotela wakho angafuna nokuqoqa isampula kusiko elebhu. Amasampula angathathwa ku:

• isikhumba
• ama-lymph node
• uketshezi lwe-pleural (uketshezi oluvela emgodini wesifuba)
• uketshezi lomgogodla

Ukwelashwa kwe-tularemia

Icala ngalinye le-tularemia liphathwa ngokuya ngesimo sayo nobukhulu bayo. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kuvumela ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngama-antibiotic.

Ama-antibiotic angasetshenziswa ukwelapha i-tularemia afaka:

• i-ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
• i-doxycycline (Doryx)
• i-gentamicin
• i-streptomycin

Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungadingeka ukukhipha ama-lymph node avuvukile noma ukusika izicubu ezinesifo esilondeni sesikhumba. Unganikezwa nemithi yomkhuhlane noma izimpawu zekhanda.

Ukuvimbela i-tularemia

Ukuvimbela kubandakanya ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha eziyisisekelo. Amagciwane ayachuma ezimeni ezingcolile. Ukuqhamuka kwalesi sifo kwenzeke ezindaweni zokuzingela lapho abazingeli behluleka ukwenza izindlela zokuhlanza eziphephile futhi bangcolisa impahla yabo.

Ukuze uhlanze izilwane ngokuphephile lapho uzingela, kufanele uthathe izinyathelo zokuqapha ezilandelayo:

• Musa isikhumba noma ugqoke (susa izitho) kwanoma yisiphi isilwane esibonakala sigula.
• Gqoka amagilavu ​​nezibuko lapho uphatha noma yisiphi isilwane.
• Geza izandla zakho ngokucophelela ngemuva kokuphatha isilwane.
• Pheka inyama kahle.

Nawa amathiphu ambalwa wokunciphisa ubungozi bakho bokuthola i-tularemia:

• Gqoka amabhulukwe nemikhono emide ehlathini ukusiza ukuvimbela ukulunywa imikhaza.
• Gcina izinsalela zezilwane kude nokudla namanzi.
• Gwema amanzi okuphuza amachibi noma amachibi.
• Vikela izilwane zakho ezifuywayo zangaphandle ngemithi yezikhuni nemikhaza.
• Sebenzisa izinto zokuxosha izinambuzane.

I-Tularemia i-aerosolized kalula. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka kube yi-ejenti ebulalayo ye-bioterrorism ngokusho kwe-. Kodwa-ke, maningi amathuba okuthi utheleleke ngokuxhumana nesilwane.

Kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi ungahle ube ne-tularemia.

Umbono we-tularemia

Umbono wakho nge-tularemia uncike ebucayi besimo nokuthi uqala ngokushesha kangakanani ukwelashwa. Ukulaliswa esibhedlela kuvamile ezimweni eziningi.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi une-tularemia, bheka udokotela wakho khona manjalo. Ukubambezeleka kokuxilongwa kuzodala ukuwohloka kwezimpawu.