Beyond Real and Fake: Izinhlobo Eziyi-10 Zokumamatheka Nalokho Okushoyo

-Delile

• Imisebenzi yezenhlalo yokumamatheka
• Izinhlobo eziyi-10 zokumamatheka
• 1. Ukumamatheka komvuzo
• 2. Ukumamatheka okubambisana
• 3. Dominance uyamamatheka
• 4. Ukumamatheka kokuqamba amanga
• 5. Ukumamatheka okunesinqe
• 6. Ukumamatheka okunenhlonipho
• 7. Ukumamatheka kokudlala ngothando
• 8. Ukumamatheka okuphoxekile
• 9. Ukumamatheka kwePan Am
• 10. Ukumamatheka kweDuchenne
• Ukuthatha

Abantu bayamamatheka ngezizathu eziningi. Ungamomotheka lapho ubona i-bestie yakho ekade ilahlekile ekufuneni imithwalo, lapho uhlanganyela nabantu osebenza nabo ngesikhathi sesethulo, noma lapho ucabanga ukuthi ummeli wakho wakudala ukhubeka endleleni engena enkantolo.

Abantu bakhangwa ukumamatheka - bonke. Kusuka eMona Lisa kuya eGrinch, sikhangwa yilabo bobabili bangempela futhi mbumbulu. Lesi simo sobuso obuyindida sibe yisihloko samakhulu ezifundo.

Nakhu esikwaziyo ngezinhlobo eziyi-10 zokumamatheka, ukuthi zibukeka kanjani, nokuthi zisho ukuthini.

Imisebenzi yezenhlalo yokumamatheka

Enye yezindlela ezilusizo kakhulu zokuhlukanisa ukumamatheka ngokuya ngomsebenzi wabo wenhlalo, noma izinhloso abazisebenzisayo ngamaqembu abantu.

Ngokubanzi, kukhona ukumamatheka okuthathu: ukumamatheka komvuzo, ukumamatheka kokuzibandakanya, nokumamatheka kokubusa.

Ukumamatheka kungaba phakathi kwezinkulumo ezingokwemvelo nezilula kakhulu - ukuphakamisa nje izicubu ezimbalwa zobuso. Kepha njengohlobo lokuxhumana komphakathi nokuxhumana, ukumamatheka kuyinkimbinkimbi, kunamandla futhi kunamandla.

kukhombisile ukuthi abantu babona ngendlela emangalisayo uma kukhulunywa ngokufunda nokubona lokhu kumamatheka ezimweni zomphakathi.

Abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukubona kahle ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokumamatheka abalufakazayo, futhi ukubona izinhlobo ezithile zokumamatheka kungaba nemiphumela enamandla ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba kubantu.

Izinhlobo eziyi-10 zokumamatheka

Nazi izinhlobo eziyishumi ezivame kakhulu zokumamatheka:

1. Ukumamatheka komvuzo

Ukumamatheka okuningi kuvela ekuzweleni okuhle - ukwaneliseka, ukwamukelwa, noma ukujabula phakathi kosizi. Abaphenyi bachaza lokhu njengokumamatheka "komvuzo" ngoba sikusebenzisa ukuzikhuthaza thina noma abanye abantu.

Ukumamatheka komvuzo kufaka izinto eziningi ezizwakalayo. Imisipha emlonyeni nasezihlathini zombili ziyasebenza, kanjalo nemisipha esweni nasebusweni. Ukufakwa okuthe xaxa okuvela ezinzweni kukhulisa imizwa emihle futhi kuholele ekuqiniseni okungcono kokuziphatha.

Ngoba, lapho ingane imomotheka ngokungalindelekile kunina, kudala izikhungo zemiklomelo ye-dopamine ebuchosheni bukanina. (I-Dopamine iyikhemikhali elizizwa lihle.) Ngaleyondlela umama uvuzwa ngenjabulo ebonakalayo yengane yakhe.

2. Ukumamatheka okubambisana

Abantu baphinde basebenzise ukumamatheka ukuze baqinisekise abanye, babe nenhlonipho, futhi baxhumane nokwethembeka, ukuba ngezinhloso nezinhloso ezinhle. Ukumamatheka okufana nalokhu kubhekwe njengokumamatheka "kokuzibandakanya" ngoba kusebenza njengezixhumi zenhlalo.

Ukumamatheka ngobumnene kuvame ukubonwa njengophawu lwesibonelo.

Lokhu kumamatheka kuhilela ukudonsa phezulu kwezindebe, futhi ngokusho kwabaphenyi, kuvame ukubangela ukuncipha ezihlathini.

Ngokusho kocwaningo, ukumamatheka okuhambisana nakho kungafaka ne-lip pressor, lapho izindebe zihlala zivaliwe ngesikhathi sokumamatheka. Ukugcina amazinyo efihliwe kungaba ukuguqulwa okucashile kwesignali yokulwa namazinyo yakudala.

3. Dominance uyamamatheka

Abantu kwesinye isikhathi bayamamatheka ukukhombisa ukuphakama kwabo, ukukhuluma ngokudelela noma ukuhlekisa, nokwenza abanye bazizwe bengenamandla. Ungase ukubize ngehlazo. Imishini yokumamatheka kokubusa yehlukile kunomvuzo noma ukumamatheka okuhambisanayo.

Ukumamatheka okubusa kakhulu kungenzeka kungalingani: Olunye uhlangothi lomlomo luyakhuphuka, kanti olunye uhlangothi luhlala endaweni noma ludonsela phansi.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuhamba, ukumamatheka kokubusa kungafaka nokugoqana kwezindebe nokuphakanyiswa kweshiya ukuveza ingxenye enkulu yeso, zombili okuyizimpawu ezinamandla zokunengeka nentukuthelo.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukumamatheka kokubusa kuyasebenza.

kuhlolwe amathe abantu ekugcineni kokuthola ukumamatheka okubusayo futhi bathola amazinga aphezulu we-cortisol, i-hormone yokucindezeleka, kuze kube yimizuzu engama-30 ngemuva kokuhlangana okungalungile.

Ucwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi ihlaya lenyusa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo phakathi kwabahlanganyeli. Lolu hlobo lokumamatheka luyisongo esingasho lutho, futhi umzimba uphendula ngokufanele.

4. Ukumamatheka kokuqamba amanga

Uma ufuna umtshina wamanga ongenangqondo, ubuso abuyona. Ngokuya ngocwaningo, nezikhulu ezinesipiliyoni zomthetho zibona abaqamba amanga cishe isigamu sesikhathi.

Yize kunjalo, kube nezifundo eziveze izindlela zokumamatheka phakathi kwabantu abebezama ngenkohliso ukukhohlisa abanye ezimweni ezibucayi.

Ucwaningo lwango-2012 lwenza uhlaziyo ngohlaka lwamafreyimu wabantu abaqoshwe ngenkathi bencenga esidlangalaleni ukuthi kubuye ilungu lomndeni elilahlekile. Ingxenye yalabo bantu yaphinde yalahlwa yicala lokubulala isihlobo.

Phakathi kwabakhohlisi, umsipha omkhulu we-zygomaticus - lowo odonsa izindebe zakho ukumamatheka - udubule kaninginingi. Akunjalo ngalabo ababesosizini lweqiniso.

5. Ukumamatheka okunesinqe

Noma ngubani oke wabona ifilimu yakudala ka-1989 ethi “Steel Magnolias” uzokhumbula indawo yamathuna lapho uM’Lynn, odlalwa yiSally Fields, azithola ehleka kabuhlungu ngosuku angcwaba ngalo indodakazi yakhe.

Ubukhazikhazi obukhulu bemizwelo yomuntu buyamangalisa. Ngakho-ke, siyakwazi ukumamatheka phakathi kobuhlungu obungokomzwelo nobungokomzimba.

Ochwepheshe beNational Institutes of Health bacabanga ukuthi ikhono lokumamatheka nokuhleka ngesikhathi sosizi liyakuvikela ngenkathi ululama. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi singamamatheka ngesikhathi sobuhlungu bomzimba ngenhloso yokuzivikela, futhi.

Abaphenyi baqaphe ukubukeka kobuso kwabantu ababenza izinqubo ezibuhlungu futhi bathola ukuthi babemamatheka kakhulu lapho abathandekayo bakhona kunangesikhathi bebodwa. Baphethe ngokuthi abantu basebenzisa ukumamatheka ukuze baqinisekise abanye.

6. Ukumamatheka okunenhlonipho

Uhambisa ukumamatheka okunenhlonipho ngokumangazayo kaningi: lapho uqala ukuhlangana nothile, lapho usuzothumela izindaba ezimbi, futhi lapho ufihla impendulo ukholelwa ukuthi omunye umuntu ngeke akuthande. Uhlu lwezimo zenhlalo ezidinga ukubonakaliswa okuhle lude.

Isikhathi esiningi, ukumamatheka okunesizotha kufaka umsipha omkhulu we-zygomaticus, kepha hhayi umsipha we-orbicularis oculi. Ngamanye amagama, umlomo wakho uyamamatheka, kodwa amehlo akho awajabuli.

Ukumamatheka ngenhlonipho kusisiza ukuba sigcine uhlobo lwebanga eliqondayo phakathi kwabantu. Ngenkathi ukumamatheka okufudumele okubangelwa umuzwa wangempela kuvame ukusisondeza kwabanye, lokho kusondelana akuvamile ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Izimo eziningi zenhlalo zidinga ubungani obunokwethenjelwa kepha hhayi ukusondelana ngokomzwelo. Kulezo zimo, uthole ukuthi ukumamatheka okuhloniphekile kuyasebenza njengokusuka enhliziyweni.

7. Ukumamatheka kokudlala ngothando

Ukuqomisana, isayikholoji, ngisho namawebhusayithi wamazinyo anikeza izeluleko zokuthi ungakusebenzisa kanjani ukumamatheka kwakho ukuze uthandane nothile.

Amanye amathiphu acashile: Gcina izindebe zakho ndawonye bese uphakamisa ishiya. Abanye bangamakhosi: Momotheka ngenkathi ugebisa ikhanda lakho phansi kancane. Ezinye zihlekisa ngokuphelele: Momotheka ngokhilimu omncane ophekiwe noma ikhofi ezindebeni zakho.

Ngenkathi kunethonya elikhulu lamasiko kulezi zithiphu nobufakazi obuncane ngokuqhathaniswa bokusekela ukusebenza kwazo, kunobufakazi bokuthi ukumamatheka kukwenza uthandeke ngokwengeziwe.

Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi ukuheha kuthonywa kakhulu ukumamatheka, nokuthi ukumamatheka okujabulisayo, okujulile kungakhokhela ukungathandeki okuhlobene.

8. Ukumamatheka okuphoxekile

Ucwaningo olwalucashunwa kaningi lwango-1995 lwathola ukuthi ukumamatheka okubangelwa amahloni kuvame ukuhambisana nokuthambekela kwekhanda okuphansi nokushintshwa kokubuka ngakwesobunxele.

Uma unamahloni, mhlawumbe uzothinta ubuso bakho kaningi, futhi.

Ukumamatheka okunamahloni kuqinisekisile ukunyakaza kwekhanda. Kodwa-ke, akuqinisekisanga ukuthi abantu abanamahloni bavame ukumamatheka bevale imilomo. Ukumamatheka kwabo akuhlali isikhathi eside njengokumamatheka okuhlekisayo noma okunenhlonipho.

9. Ukumamatheka kwePan Am

Lokhu kumamatheka kubizwa ngegama lezisebenzi zezindiza zePan Am obekudingeka ukuthi ziqhubeke nokumomotheka, noma ngabe amakhasimende nezimo kubenze bafuna ukujikijela amaphakethe amakinati kule ndlu.

Kuthathwa kabanzi njengokuphoqelelwe nokukhohlisayo, ukumamatheka kwePan Am kungahle kubonakale kweqile.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi lapho abantu bebuza, basebenzisa umzamo owengeziwe ukuze banciphise imisipha yabo enkulu ye-zygomaticus.

Ngenxa yalokho, izingxenyana zomlomo ziphakeme ngokwengeziwe, futhi amazinyo amaningi ayavezwa. Uma ukumamatheka okubonakalayo kungalingani, uhlangothi lwesobunxele lomlomo luyoba ngaphezulu kunesokudla.

Uma ungomunye wabantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezingama-2.8 abaqashwe embonini yezinsizakalo zamakhasimende, noma uma umsebenzi wakho udinga ukuthi uhlanganyele njalo nomphakathi, ungahle uthande ukucabanga kabusha ngokungakhathali ngokuthumela ukumamatheka kwePan Am, ngoba kungathinta impilo yakho.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva olushicilelwe kuJournal of Occupational Health Psychology luthole ukuthi abantu okumele benze inkohliso injabulo njalo emsebenzini bavame ukuphuza ingcindezi ngemuva kokuchitha isikhathi.

10. Ukumamatheka kweDuchenne

Leli yizinga legolide. Ukumamatheka kukaDuchenne kwaziwa nangokuthi ukumamatheka kwenjabulo yangempela. Yiyo efaka umlomo, izihlathi, namehlo ngasikhathi sinye. Yilapho ubuso bakho bonke bubonakala bukhanya ngokuzumayo.

Ukumamatheka okuyiqiniso kwe-Duchenne kukwenza ubonakale uthembekile, uthembekile futhi unobungane. Kutholakale ukuthi bakhiqize okuhlangenwe nakho okungcono kokuhlinzekwa kwamakhasimende namathiphu angcono. Futhi zixhunyaniswe nokuphila okude nobudlelwano obunempilo.

Ocwaningweni lwango-2009, abacwaningi babheka ukuqina kokumamatheka ezithombeni zencwadi yasekolishi bathola ukuthi abesifazane ababene-Duchenne abamomotheka ezithombeni zabo babenamathuba okushada ngokujabula kamuva.

Kokunye ukuhlola okwashicilelwa ngo-2010, abacwaningi bahlola amakhadi e-baseball kusukela ngo-1952. Bathola ukuthi abadlali abanezithombe zabo ezazikhombisa ukumomotheka okukhulu, okuyiqiniso babephila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunalabo abamomotheka ababukeka bengenamandla kangako.

Ukuthatha

Ukumamatheka kuyahlukahluka. Noma ngabe baveza ukuqhuma kwangempela kwemizwa noma badalwe ngenhloso ukuze bahambisane nenhloso ethile, ukumamatheka kunikela ngemisebenzi ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana kwabantu.

Bangaklomelisa isimilo, bakhuthaze ukubopha umphakathi, noma basebenzise ukubusa nokuzithoba. Zingasetshenziselwa ukukhohlisa, ukudlala ngothando, ukugcina izinkambiso zomphakathi, ukukhombisa ukuphoxeka, ukubhekana nobuhlungu, nokuveza imizwa.

Kukho konke ukungaqondakali nokuhlukahluka kwabo, ukumamatheka kungenye yezindlela ezinamandla kakhulu esinazo zokuxhumana ukuthi singobani nokuthi yini esihlose ngayo ezimweni zenhlalo.