Funda umehluko phakathi kwe-Ultrasound, X-Ray, Tomography ne-Scintigraphy

-Delile

• 1. I-Ultrasound
• 2. I-X-ray
• 3. I-Tomography
• 4. I-Scintigraphy

Ukuhlola izivivinyo kucelwa kakhulu odokotela ukusiza ukuxilonga nokuchaza ukwelashwa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, njengamanje kunezivivinyo eziningi zemifanekiso ezingakhonjiswa ngokuya ngezimpawu nezimpawu zomuntu kanye nokuhlolwa kukadokotela, njenge-ultrasound, i-X-ray, i-computed tomography kanye ne-scintigraphy. Yize lezi zivivinyo ziyizithombe, zonke zinezinkomba ezihlukile nezicelo.

1. I-Ultrasound

I-Ultrasound luhlobo lokuhlolwa kwe-imaging oluvumela ukubonwa kwangempela kwesikhathi kwanoma yisiphi isitho noma izicubu emzimbeni. Isivivinyo esifaneleke kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ngoba akukho ukuphuma kwemisebe, ngakho-ke akulimazi embungwini. Lapho lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa nge-doppler, kungenzeka ukubona ukugeleza kwegazi. Qonda ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani i-ultrasound.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kungasiza ekuxilongweni nasekwelapheni izimo eziningana, njenge:

• Uphenyo lobuhlungu esiswini noma emuva;
• Ukuphenywa kwezifo ezibandakanya i- isibeletho, amashubhu namaqanda, njenge-endometriosis;
• Ukubukwa nokuhlaziywa kwe- imisipha, amalunga, imisipha nezitho, njengendlala yegilo, isibindi, izinso nesifuba, futhi kungasiza ekuhloleni ukuthi kukhona amaqhuqhuva noma ama-cysts.

Ngo- ukukhulelwa, i-ultrasound isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuqapha ukukhula kombungu nokuthola noma yikuphi ukungalungi okungaba khona, njenge-anencephaly nesifo senhliziyo, ngokwesibonelo. Bona ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani i-ultrasound ekukhulelweni.

2. I-X-ray

I-X-ray yisivivinyo sesithombe esidala futhi esisetshenziswe kakhulu ukukhomba ama-fractures, ngokwesibonelo, ngoba ivumela ukuxilongwa okusheshayo ngoba ukuhlolwa okulula nokushibhile maqondana ne-computed tomography, isibonelo. Ngaphezu kokuhlonza ukuphuka, i-X-ray ivumela ukukhonjwa kwezifo nokulimala ezithweni ezahlukahlukene, njengamaphaphu.

Ukwenza isivivinyo, ukulungiselela akudingekile futhi ukuhlolwa kuhlala imizuzu eyi-10 kuye kwengu-15. Kodwa-ke, ngoba kunokuchayeka emisebeni, noma ngabe incane, lokhu kuhlolwa akuboniswa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ikakhulukazi ngoba i-X-ray ingaba nomthelela ekukhuleni kombungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane kufanele zigweme ukuthatha ama-x-ray njalo, ngoba njengoba zisathuthuka, imisebe ingaphazamisa ukukhula kwamathambo, isibonelo. Yazi ubungozi be-radiography ekukhulelweni.

3. I-Tomography

I-Tomography yisivivinyo esisebenzisa i-X-ray ukuthola isithombe, kodwa-ke idivayisi ikhiqiza izithombe ezilandelanayo ezivumela ukubona kangcono isitho nokuxilongwa okunembe kakhudlwana. Ngoba kusetshenziswa imisebe, i-tomography akufanele yenziwe kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, futhi olunye uhlobo lokuhlolwa kwesithombe, njenge-ultrasound, kufanele lwenziwe.

I-computed tomography ivamise ukukhonjiswa ukusiza ukuxilonga izifo zemisipha namathambo, ukubheka ukuthi kukhona yini ukopha kanye nama-aneurysms, ukuphenya ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso, i-pancreatitis, izifo kanye nokulandela izicubu. Thola okuningi mayelana nokuthi i-computed tomography yenzelwe ini.

4. I-Scintigraphy

I-Scintigraphy wukuhlolwa kwesithombe okuvumela ukubonwa kwezitho nokusebenza kwazo ngokuphathwa kwento enemisebe, ebizwa nge-radiopharmaceutical noma i-radiotracer, emuncwa izitho futhi ekhonjwe yimishini ngemisebe ekhishiwe, ekhiqiza isithombe.

Njengoba kuvumela ukuhlaziywa kwesitho somzimba, i-scintigraphy isetshenziswa kakhulu kwi-oncology ukukhomba indawo yezimila futhi iphenye ubukhona be-metastases, kepha futhi ingacelwa ngudokotela kwezinye izimo, njenge:

• ukuhlolwa kwe- izinguquko zamaphaphu, njenge-pulmonary embolism, i-emphysema nokukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi, okusiza ekutholeni nasekwelapheni lezi zifo. Qonda ukuthi iyini i-lung scintigraphy nokuthi yenzelwe ini;
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-amathambo, lapho kuphenywa khona izimpawu zomdlavuza noma amathambo, ngaphezu kwe-osteomyelitis, isifo samathambo, ukuqhekeka, i-osteonecrosis kanye ne-bone infarction. Bona ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani i-scintigraphy bone;
• Ukukhonjwa kwe- izinguquko zobuchopho, ikakhulu ihlobene nokunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni, okuvumela ukuhlonza kanye nokuqapha izifo eziwohlozayo, ezinjenge-Alzheimer's kanye neParkinson's, ngaphezu kwezicubu zobuchopho, unhlangothi nokuqinisekiswa kokufa kobuchopho. Qonda ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani i-bone scintigraphy;
• Ukuhlolwa kwe- ukuma kwezinso nokusebenza, kusuka ekukhiqizeni kuya ekuqedeni umchamo. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-renal scintigraphy;
• Phenya ubukhona nobukhulu be ukuhlukahluka ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo, njenge-ischemia ne-infarction, isibonelo. Funda ukuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani i-myocardial scintigraphy;
• Qaphela ukusebenza kwe-thyroid nezinguquko, njengokutholakala kwamaqhuqhuva, umdlavuza, izimbangela ze-hyper ne-hypothyroidism nokuvuvukala kwegilo. Bona ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukulungiswa kwe-thyroid scintigraphy.

Ngokuphathelene ne-oncology, kuvame ukukhonjiswa ngudokotela ukwenza i-scintigraphy yomzimba wonke, noma i-PCI, evumela indawo yokuqala yebele, isinye, umdlavuza wegilo, phakathi kwabanye, ukuthi ihlolwe, futhi ihlole ukuqhubeka kwesifo kanye nokuba khona kwe-metastases. Qonda ukuthi i-scintigraphy yomzimba ephelele yenziwa kanjani nokuthi yenzelwe ini.