Umuthi wokugomela iDiphtheria, iTetanus kanye ne-pertussis (DTPa)

-Delile

• Ngubani okufanele athathe
• Ukugoma lapho ukhulelwe
• Ungathatha kanjani
• Imiphumela emibi engaba khona
• Lapho kungafanele uthathe

Umuthi wokugomela i-diphtheria, i-tetanus kanye nesikhwehlela unikezwa njengomjovo odinga imithamo emi-4 ukuze ingane ivikeleke, kodwa futhi kuyakhonjiswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kochwepheshe abasebenza emitholampilo nasezibhedlela nakubo bonke abasha nabadala abaxhumana kakhulu osanda kuzalwa.

Lo mgomo ubizwa nangokuthi umuthi wokugomela i-acellular olwa ne-diphtheria, tetanus kanye nesikhwehlela (DTPa) futhi ungasetshenziswa engalweni noma ethangeni, ngumhlengikazi noma udokotela, esikhungweni sezempilo noma emtholampilo wangasese.

Ngubani okufanele athathe

Umuthi wokugoma ukhonjisiwe ukuvikela isifo somphimbo, isifo sokuqina kwemihlathi kanye nokukhwehlela kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nasezinsaneni, kodwa kufanele futhi usetshenziswe kubo bonke abantu abasha kanye nabantu abadala abangahlangana nengane okungenani izinsuku eziyi-15 ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ngakho-ke, lo muthi wokugoma ungasetshenziswa nogogo nomkhulu, omalume nabazala bengane ezosheshe izalwe.

Ukugonywa kwabantu abadala abazokwazi ukusondelana nengane kubalulekile ngoba ukukhwehlela yisifo esibi esiholela ekufeni, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, ezihlale zitheleleka ngabantu abasondelene nazo. Kubalulekile ukuthatha lo mgomo ngoba ukukhwehlela akubonisi zimpawu ngaso sonke isikhathi, yingakho umuntu engatheleleka futhi angazi.

Ukugoma lapho ukhulelwe

Umuthi wokugoma ukhonjiswe ukuthi uzothathwa ngesikhathi ukhulelwe ngoba uvuselela umzimba wowesifazane ukuthi ukhiqize amasosha omzimba, abese edlulela enganeni nge-placenta, ayivikele. Umuthi wokugoma unconywa phakathi kwamasonto angama-27 kuya kwangama-36 esibelethweni, noma ngabe owesifazane ubesenalo muthi wokugoma kokunye ukukhulelwa, noma omunye umthamo phambilini.

Lo mgomo uvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezimbi, njenge:

• I-Diphtheria: okudala izimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kwentamo nezinguquko ekushayeni kwenhliziyo;
• Umthanjana: ezingadala ukuquleka nokuqaqamba kwemisipha kube namandla kakhulu;
• Ukukhohlela okubi: ukukhwehlela okukhulu, ikhala eligijimayo kanye ne-malaise ejwayelekile, ukuba nzima kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala.

Thola yonke imigomo ingane yakho edinga ukuyithatha: Isikhathi sokugoma izingane.

Umuthi wokugomela i-dTpa umahhala, njengoba uyingxenye yohlelo oluyisisekelo lokugoma izingane nabesifazane abakhulelwe.

Ungathatha kanjani

Umuthi wokugoma usetshenziswa ngomjovo ongena emisipheni, futhi kuyadingeka ukuthatha imithamo ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Umthamo wokuqala: Izinyanga ezimbili;
• Umthamo wesibili: Izinyanga ezine;
• Umthamo wesithathu: Izinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala;
• Ukuqinisa kabusha: ezinyangeni eziyi-15; eneminyaka engu-4 bese kuba njalo eminyakeni eyi-10;
• Lapho ukhulelwe: Umthamo owodwa kusuka kumaviki angama-27 okukhulelwa noma kufika ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngaphambi kokubeletha, ekukhulelweni ngakunye;
• Ochwepheshe bezempilo abasebenza ezigcemeni zabakhulelwe kanye nama-ICU abelethayo kufanele futhi bathole umthamo owodwa womuthi wokugoma nge-booster njalo eminyakeni eyishumi.
  

Isifunda somzimba esivame kakhulu ukwelapha umuthi wokugoma ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-1 ubudala, isicubu se-deltoid sengalo, ngoba uma sisetshenziswa ethangeni kuholela ebunzimeni bokuhamba ngenxa yobuhlungu bemisipha futhi, ezimweni eziningi, kuleyo minyaka ingane isivele ihamba.

Lo mgomo unganikezwa ngasikhathi sinye neminye imithi yokugoma ohlelweni lokugoma izingane, kepha kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imijovo ehlukile bese ukhetha izindawo ezahlukahlukene zokufaka isicelo.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona

Isikhathi esingamahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48 umuthi wokugoma ungadala izinhlungu, ububomvu nokwakheka kwesigaxa endaweni yomjovo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfiva, ukucasuka kanye nokozela kungenzeka. Ukwehlisa lezi zimpawu, iqhwa lingasetshenziswa endaweni yokugoma, kanye namakhambi antipyretic, njengeParacetamol, ngokuyalelwa ngudokotela.

Lapho kungafanele uthathe

Lo muthi wokugoma uyaphikiswa ezinganeni eziye zaba ne-pertussis, uma kwenzeka ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic kwimithamo yangaphambilini; uma kuvela izimpawu zokuphendula okungafuneki komzimba, njengokulunywa, izindawo ezibomvu esikhunjeni, ukwakheka kwamaqhuqhuva esikhunjeni; futhi uma kwenzeka izifo zesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi; Umkhuhlane omkhulu; i-encephalopathy eqhubekayo noma isithuthwane esingalawulwa.