Umuthi wokugomela isifo sofuba (BCG): wenzelwa ini nokuthi uwuthathe nini

-Delile

• Iphathwa kanjani
• Ukunakekelwa okuzothathwa ngemuva kokugoma
• Ukusabela okungalungile okungenzeka
• Ubani okungafanele athathe
• Kuze kube nini ukuvikelwa
• Ingabe umuthi wokugoma we-BCG ungavikela kwi-coronavirus?

I-BCG iwumuthi wokugoma okhonjiswe isifo sofuba futhi uvame ukuphathwa ngemuva nje kokuzalwa futhi ufakwa ohlelweni oluyisisekelo lokugoma ingane. Lo muthi wokugoma awuvimbeli ukutheleleka noma ukukhula kwesifo, kepha uyasivimba ukuthi singakhuli futhi uvimbele, ezimweni eziningi, izinhlobo zesifo esibi kakhulu, njengesifo sofuba i-miliary kanye ne-meningitis enesifo sofuba. Funda kabanzi ngesifo sofuba.

Umuthi wokugoma we-BCG wakhiwe ngama-bacterium avela ku I-Mycobacterium bovis(Bacillus Calmette-Guérin), enomthamo wegciwane osezingeni eliphansi futhi, ngakho-ke, usiza ekuvuseleleni umzimba, okuholela ekukhiqizeni amasosha omzimba alwa nalesi sifo, azosebenza uma amagciwane engena emzimbeni.

Umuthi wokugoma wenziwa utholakale mahhala nguMnyango Wezempilo, futhi uvame ukwelashwa esibhedlela sabakhulelwe noma esikhungweni sezempilo ngemuva nje kokuzalwa.

Iphathwa kanjani

Umuthi wokugoma we-BCG kufanele unikezwe ngqo ungqimba oluphezulu lwesikhumba, ngudokotela, umhlengikazi noma uchwepheshe wezempilo oqeqeshiwe. Ngokuvamile, ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 umthamo onconyiwe ngu-0.05 mL, kanti ngaphezu kweminyaka yobudala bezinyanga eziyi-12 ngu-0.1 mL.

Lo muthi wokugoma uhlala usetshenziswa engalweni yangakwesokudla yengane, bese impendulo kumuthi wokugoma ithatha izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-6 ukuvela futhi ibonwa lapho kuvela indawo encane ebomvu ebomvu esikhunjeni, ekhula ibe yisilonda esincane bese, ekugcineni, ibe yisibazi . Ukwakheka kwesibazi kukhombisa ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ukwazile ukuvikela ukuzivikela kwengane.

Ukunakekelwa okuzothathwa ngemuva kokugoma

Ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma, ingane ingalimala endaweni yomjovo. Ukuze ukwelashwa kwenziwe ngendlela efanele, umuntu kufanele agweme ukumboza isilonda, ukugcina indawo ihlanzekile, ukungasebenzisi noma yiluphi uhlobo lomuthi, noma ukugqoka indawo.

Ukusabela okungalungile okungenzeka

Ngokuvamile umuthi wokugomela isifo sofuba awuholeli emiphumeleni emibi, ngaphezu kokuvela kokuvuvukala, ububomvu nokuthamba endaweni yomjovo, eshintsha kancane kancane ibe yibhamuza bese iba isilonda cishe emasontweni amabili kuya kwamane.

Yize kuyivelakancane, kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ama-lymph node avuvukile, ubuhlungu bemisipha nobuhlungu esizeni somjovo. Lapho kuvela le miphumela emibi, kunconywa ukuthi uye kudokotela wezingane ukuze ingane ihlolwe.

Ubani okungafanele athathe

Umuthi wokugomela uyaphikiswa wezingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma lezo ezinesisindo esingaphansi kuka-2 kg, futhi kuyadingeka ukulinda ingane ifike ku-2 kg ngaphambi kokugoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nanoma iyiphi ingxenye yefomula, abanezifo zokuzalwa noma zokuzivikela ezifweni, njengokutheleleka okuvamile noma i-AIDS, isibonelo, akufanele bathole umuthi wokugoma.

Kuze kube nini ukuvikelwa

Isikhathi sokuvikelwa siyahlukahluka. Kuyaziwa ukuthi bekulokhu kuncipha eminyakeni edlule, ngenxa yokwehluleka ukukhiqiza inani elanele futhi elihlala isikhathi eside lamaseli wememori. Ngakho-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuvikelwa kuphakeme eminyakeni yokuqala emithathu yokuphila, kepha abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ukuvikelwa kukhulu kuneminyaka eyi-15.

Ingabe umuthi wokugoma we-BCG ungavikela kwi-coronavirus?

Ngokusho kwe-WHO, abukho ubufakazi besayensi obukhombisa ukuthi umuthi wokugoma we-BCG uyakwazi ukuvikela kwi-coronavirus entsha, edala ukutheleleka nge-COVID-19. Kodwa-ke, kuyenziwa uphenyo ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi ngabe lo muthi wokugoma ungaba nomthelela yini ngqo ku-coronavirus entsha.

Ngenxa yokushoda kobufakazi, i-WHO incoma umuthi wokugomela i-BCG kuphela emazweni lapho kunengozi enkulu yokuthola isifo sofuba.