I-Autism esebenza kakhulu

-Delile

• Yini i-autism esebenza kahle?
• Ingabe ihlukile ku-Asperger’s syndrome?
• Ayini amazinga e-autism?
• Anqunywa kanjani amazinga eASD?
• Aphathwa kanjani amazinga ahlukene?
• Okubalulekile

Yini i-autism esebenza kahle?

I-autism esebenza kahle akuyona inkinga yezokwelapha esemthethweni. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kubantu abane-autism spectrum disorder abafunda, babhale, bakhulume, futhi baphathe amakhono empilo ngaphandle kosizo oluningi.

I-Autism yisifo se-neurodevelopmental esibonakala ngobunzima ngokuxhumana komphakathi kanye nokuxhumana. Izimpawu zayo zisukela ekubeni mnene ziye kokubi kakhulu. Yingakho i-autism manje ibizwa ngokuthi i-autism spectrum disorder (ASD). I-autism esebenza ngokuvamisile ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kulabo abasesiphethweni esibucayi se-spectrum.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi nge-autism esebenza kahle kanye namazinga asemthethweni we-autism.

Ingabe ihlukile ku-Asperger’s syndrome?

Kuze kube ukubuyekezwa kwamanje kwe-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), isimo esaziwa njenge-Asperger's syndrome sasivame ukubonwa njengesimo esihlukile. Abantu okutholwe ukuthi bane-Asperger's syndrome babenezimpawu eziningana ezifana ne-autism ngaphandle kokubambezeleka ekusetshenzisweni kolimi, ukukhula kwengqondo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuzisiza afanele iminyaka yobudala, indlela yokuziphatha eguquguqukayo, kanye nelukuluku ngemvelo. Izimpawu zabo zazivame ukuba maphakathi futhi zingabi namthelela omncane empilweni yabo yansuku zonke.

Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi lezi zimo zombili ziyinto efanayo, yize i-autism esebenza kahle kungesona isimo esaziwa ngokusemthethweni. Lapho i-autism iba yi-ASD, ezinye izifo ze-neurodevelopmental, kufaka phakathi i-Asperger's syndrome, zasuswa kwi-DSM-5. Esikhundleni salokho, i-autism manje ihlukaniswe nobunzima futhi ingahle ihambisane nokunye ukukhubazeka.

Ayini amazinga e-autism?

I-American Psychiatric Association (APA) igcina ikhathalogi yezinkinga nemibandela ekhonjiwe. IDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders isetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka ukusiza odokotela ukuqhathanisa izimpawu nokwenza ukuxilongwa. Uhlobo olusha sha, i-DSM-5, lwakhishwa ngo-2013. Le nguqulo yayihlanganisa zonke izimo ezihlobene ne-autism ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa lesambulela - i-ASD.

Namuhla, i-ASD ihlukaniswe ngamazinga amathathu akhombisa ubucayi:

• Izinga 1. Leli yizinga elincane kakhulu le-ASD. Abantu abakulelizinga ngokuvamile banezimpawu ezimnene ezingaphazamisi kakhulu emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma ebudlelwaneni. Yilokhu abantu abaningi ababhekise kukho lapho besebenzisa amagama athi i-autism esebenza kakhulu noma i-Asperger's syndrome.
• Izinga 2. Abantu abakulelizinga badinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe, njengokwelashwa kwenkulumo noma ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono omphakathi.
• Izinga 3. Leli yizinga elibi kakhulu le-ASD. Abantu abakuleli zinga badinga ukwesekwa okukhulu, kufaka phakathi abasizi besikhathi esigcwele noma ukwelashwa okunamandla kwezinye izimo.

Anqunywa kanjani amazinga eASD?

Asikho isivivinyo esisodwa sokuthola amazinga e-ASD. Esikhundleni salokho, udokotela noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sizochitha isikhathi esiningi sikhuluma nothile futhi sibheka indlela abaziphatha ngayo ukuthola umqondo ongcono wabo:

• ukukhula ngamazwi nangemizwa
• amakhono ezenhlalo nezingokomzwelo
• amakhono wokuxhumana angenamlomo

Bazophinde bazame ukulinganisa ukuthi umuntu uyakwazi kanjani ukudala noma ukugcina ubudlelwane obunengqondo nabanye.

I-ASD ingatholakala kusenesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, izingane eziningi, ngisho nabantu abadala abathile, kungenzeka bangatholakali kuze kube kamuva. Ukutholakala usumdala kungenza ukwelashwa kube nzima kakhulu. Uma wena noma udokotela wezingane wengane yakho ucabanga ukuthi bangaba ne-ASD, cabanga ukwenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela we-ASD. Inhlangano engenzi nzuzo i-Autism Speaks inethuluzi elingakusiza ekutholeni izinsiza kusimo sakho.

Aphathwa kanjani amazinga ahlukene?

Azikho izincomo zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zamazinga ahlukene e-ASD. Ukwelashwa kuya ngezimpawu ezihlukile zomuntu ngamunye. Abantu abanamazinga ahlukene e-ASD bangahle badinge izinhlobo zokwelashwa ezifanayo, kepha labo abanezinga 2 noma izinga 3 ASD kungenzeka badinge ukwelashwa okuqinile, okuhlala isikhathi eside kunalabo abanezinga lokuqala le-ASD.

Ukwelashwa okungenzeka kwe-ASD kufaka:

• Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo. I-ASD ingadala izindaba ezahlukahlukene zokukhuluma. Abanye abantu abane-ASD kungenzeka bangakwazi ukukhuluma nhlobo, kanti abanye bangaba nenkinga yokuxoxa nabanye. Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kungasiza ukubhekana nezinkinga eziningi zokukhuluma.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba. Abanye abantu abane ASD banenkinga ngamakhono ezimoto. Lokhu kungenza izinto ezifana nokugxuma, ukuhamba, noma ukugijima kube nzima. Abantu abane-ASD bangabhekana nobunzima ngamakhono athile wezimoto. Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kungasiza ekuqiniseni imisipha futhi kuthuthukise amakhono emoto.
• Ukwelashwa emsebenzini. Ukwelashwa emsebenzini kungakusiza ufunde ukusebenzisa izandla, imilenze, noma ezinye izitho zomzimba kahle. Lokhu kungenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke nokusebenza kube lula.
• Ukuqeqeshwa okuzwayo. Abantu abane-ASD bavame ukuzwela emisindweni, amalambu, nokuthinta. Ukuqeqeshwa kwezinzwa kusiza abantu ukuthi bakhululeke ngokwengeziwe ngokufaka kwezinzwa.
• Ukuhlaziywa kokuziphatha okusetshenzisiwe. Lena inqubo ekhuthaza isimilo esihle. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlaziywa kokuziphatha okusetshenzisiwe, kepha iningi lisebenzisa uhlelo lokuvuza.
• Imithi. Yize ingekho imishanguzo eyenzelwe ukwelapha i-ASD, izinhlobo ezithile zingasiza ukuphatha izimpawu ezithile, ezinjengokudangala noma amandla amakhulu.

Funda kabanzi ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo ze-ASD.

Okubalulekile

I-autism esebenza kahle akuyona igama lezokwelapha, futhi ayinayo incazelo ecacile. Kepha abantu abasebenzisa leli gama kungenzeka babhekise entweni efana neleveli 1 ASD. Kungase futhi kuqhathaniswe ne-Asperger's syndrome, isimo esingasabonwa yi-APA.