Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuthola umdlavuza

-Delile

• Izinkomba eziyi-8 zesimila ezithola umdlavuza
• 1. I-AFP
• 2. I-MCA
• 3. I-BTA
• 4. I-PSA
• 5. CA 125
• 6. ICalcitonin
• 7. I-Thyroglobulin
• 8. I-AEC
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukutholakala komdlavuza

Ukuhlonza umdlavuza, udokotela angacelwa ukuthi alinganise izimpawu zesimila, okuyizinto ezikhiqizwa amaseli noma yisimila uqobo, njenge-AFP ne-PSA, eziphakanyiswe egazini lapho kunezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Yazi izimpawu nezimpawu ezingakhombisa umdlavuza.

Ukulinganiswa kwezimpawu zesimila kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukuthola umdlavuza, kodwa futhi nokuhlola ukukhula kwesimila nokuphendula ekwelashweni.

Yize omaka be-tumor bekhombisa umdlavuza, ezinye izimo ezinobungozi zingaholela ekwandeni kwazo, njenge-appendicitis, i-prostatitis noma i-prostate hyperplasia futhi, ngakho-ke, ezimeni eziningi kuyadingeka ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, njenge-ultrasound noma i-resonance kazibuthe , Ngokwesibonelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanani ezinkomba zesimila ekuhlolweni kwegazi ayahlukahluka ngokuya ngelebhu kanye nobulili besiguli, kubalulekile ukucabangela inani lesethenjwa elebhu. Nakhu ukuthi ungakuqonda kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Izinkomba eziyi-8 zesimila ezithola umdlavuza

Ezinye zezivivinyo ezicelwe kakhulu ngudokotela ukukhomba umdlavuza yilezi:

1. I-AFP

Lokho elikutholayo: I-Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) yiprotheyini elinganiswa ngomthamo walo ukuthi liphenye izicubu esiswini, emathunjini, emaqanda noma ebukhoneni bemastastases esibindini.

Inani lesethenjwa: Ngokuvamile, lapho kunezinguquko ezimbi, inani likhulu kune-1000 ng / ml. Kodwa-ke, leli nani lingabuye lenyuswe ezimweni ezifana ne-cirrhosis noma i-hepatitis engapheli, ngokwesibonelo, inani laso lisondele ku-500 ng / ml.

2. I-MCA

Lokho elikutholayo: I-mucoid antigen (MCA) ehambisana neCarcinoma ivame ukudingeka ukuhlola umdlavuza webele. Ukuze wazi ezinye izimpawu zomdlavuza webele funda: Izimpawu eziyi-12 zomdlavuza webele.

Inani lesethenjwa: Ezimweni eziningi ingakhombisa umdlavuza lapho inani layo likhulu kuno-11 U / ml ekuhlolweni kwegazi. Kodwa-ke, leli xabiso lingahle likhuphuke ezimweni ezingathi sína kakhulu, njengezicubu ezinobungozi ze-ovary, isibeletho noma i-prostate.

Imvamisa, udokotela ucela nomthamo we-marker CA 27.29 noma i-CA 15.3 yokuqapha umdlavuza webele nokuhlola impendulo ekwelashweni nasethubeni lokuphindeka. Qonda ukuthi yenzelwe ini nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-CA 15.3.

3. I-BTA

Lokho elikutholayo: I-antigen tumor antigen (i-BTA) isetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuthola umdlavuza wesinye futhi ivame ukufakwa kanye ne-NMP22 ne-CEA.

Inani lesethenjwa: Lapho kukhona umdlavuza wesinye, ukuhlolwa kunenani elingaphezu kuka-1. Ukuba khona kwe-BTA emchameni, noma kunjalo, kungaphakanyiswa nasezinkingeni ezingathi sína njengokuvuvukala kwezinso noma i-urethra, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa ipayipi lesinye.

4. I-PSA

Lokho elikutholayo: I-Prostate antigen (i-PSA) yiprotheni evame ukukhiqizelwa i-prostate, kepha uma kwenzeka kuba nomdlavuza wendlala ingaba nokwanda kwayo. Funda kabanzi nge-PSA.

Inani lesethenjwa: Lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-PSA egazini kukhulu kuno-4.0 ng / ml, kungakhombisa ukukhula komdlavuza futhi, uma kukhulu kuno-50 ng / ml, kungakhombisa ubukhona be-metastases. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe umdlavuza kuyadingeka ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo ezinjenge-digital rectal examination kanye ne-ultrasound ye-prostate, ngoba ukuminyana kwaleli protein nakho kungakhuphuka ezimweni ezinobungozi. Qonda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungawukhomba kanjani lolu hlobo lomdlavuza.

5. CA 125

Lokho elikutholayo: I-CA 125 imaka isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuhlola ithuba nokuqapha ukukhula komdlavuza we-ovari. Umthamo walo maki kumele uhambisane nezinye izivivinyo ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okulungile. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-CA 125.

Inani lesethenjwa: Imvamisa kuyisibonakaliso somdlavuza we-ovari lapho inani likhulu kune-65 U / ml. Kodwa-ke, inani lingabuye lenyuswe uma kwenzeka i-cirrhosis, ama-cysts, i-endometriosis, i-hepatitis noma i-pancreatitis.

6. ICalcitonin

Lokho elikutholayo: ICalcitonin yihomoni ekhiqizwa yi-thyroid futhi engakhuphuka ikakhulukazi kubantu abanomdlavuza wegilo, kodwa nakubantu abanomdlavuza webele noma wamaphaphu, ngokwesibonelo. Bona ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-calcitonin kwenziwa kanjani.

Inani lesethenjwa: Kungaba wuphawu lomdlavuza lapho inani likhulu kune-20 pg / ml, kepha amanani nawo angashintshwa ngenxa yezinkinga ezinjenge-pancreatitis, isifo sikaPaget ngisho nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

7. I-Thyroglobulin

Lokho elikutholayo: I-Thyroglobulin ivame ukuphakanyiswa kumdlavuza we-thyroid, kepha, ukuze kutholakale umdlavuza we-thyroid, ezinye izimpawu kufanele futhi zilinganiswe, njenge-calcitonin ne-TSH, ngokwesibonelo, ngoba i-thyroglobulin ingakhuphuka ngisho nakubantu abangenayo.

Inani lesethenjwa: Amanani ajwayelekile we-thyroglobulin aphakathi kuka-1.4 no-78 g / ml, ngaphezulu kokuthi angakhombisa umdlavuza. Bona ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza wegilo.

8. I-AEC

Lokho elikutholayo: I-Carcinoembryonic antigen (i-CEA) ingafakwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomdlavuza, futhi imvamisa iphakanyiswa ngomdlavuza emathunjini, ithinte i-colon noma i-rectum. Funda kabanzi ngomdlavuza wamathumbu.

Inani lesethenjwa: Ukukhombisa umdlavuza, ukugxila kwe-CEA kudinga ukuphakama izikhathi eziphindwe ka-5 kunenani elijwayelekile, kuze kufike ku-5 ng / mL kwababhemayo kuze kufike ku-3 ng / mL kwabangabhemi. Qonda ukuthi yini ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA nokuthi kwenzelwe ini.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi, kungenzeka ukuhlola amanye ama-hormone namaprotheni, afana ne-CA 19.9, CA 72.4, LDH, Cathepsin D, Telomerase kanye ne-chorionic Gonadotropin, ngokwesibonelo, okushintshe amanani wenkomba lapho umdlavuza usakhula kwesinye isitho.

Ukuzwakala kwemagnetic

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukutholakala komdlavuza

Endabeni yokusola umdlavuza, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, okuvame ukucelwa ngudokotela, ukuhlolwa okuhambisanayo kwe-imaging, okufana noku:

• I-Ultrasound: Yaziwa nangokuthi i-ultrasound, okuwukuhlolwa okukuvumela ukuthi uthole izilonda ezithweni ezifana nesibindi, amanyikwe, ubende, izinso, i-prostate, ibele, i-thyroid, isibeletho nama-ovari;
• I-Radiography: Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa yi-X-ray, okusiza ukukhomba ushintsho emaphashini, emgogodleni nasemathanjeni;
• Ukucabanga kwe-Magnetic resonance: Kungukuhlolwa kwesithombe okuthola ushintsho ezithweni ezifana nesifuba, imithambo yegazi, isibindi, amanyikwe, ubende, izinso kanye nama-adrenals.
• I-tomography ehlanganisiwe: Kwenziwa uma kunezinguquko ku-X-ray futhi kuvame ukucelwa ukuthi kuhlolwe amaphaphu, isibindi, ubende, amanyikwe, amalunga nomphimbo, isibonelo.

Ezimweni eziningi, isiqinisekiso sokuxilongwa senziwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezivivinyo ezahlukahlukene, ezinjengokubheka isiguli, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, iMRI kanye ne-biopsy, isibonelo.