Isifo sofuba samaphaphu

Isifo sofuba samaphaphu (i-TB) isifo esithathelwanayo sebhaktheriya esifaka phakathi amaphaphu. Ingasakazeka nakwezinye izitho.

I-TB yamaphaphu ibangelwa yigciwane Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium (M isifo sofuba). I-TB iyathathelana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amagciwane asakazeka kalula kusuka kumuntu onegciwane aye komunye umuntu. Ungathola i-TB ngokuphefumula ngamaconsi omoya akhwehlela noma uthimule komuntu onegciwane. Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okuba khona kubizwa nge-TB eyinhloko.

Abantu abaningi bayalulama ekuthelelweni yi-TB okuyisisekelo ngaphandle kobufakazi obengeziwe besifo. Ukutheleleka kungahlala kungasebenzi (kulele) iminyaka. Kwabanye abantu, iyasebenza futhi (iphinde isebenze).

Abantu abaningi ababa nezimpawu zokutheleleka nge-TB baqale ukutheleleka esikhathini esedlule. Kwezinye izimo, lesi sifo siyasebenza kungakapheli amasonto ngemuva kokutheleleka okuyinhloko.

Abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-TB noma ukuvuselelwa kwe-TB:

• Abantu abadala asebekhulile
• Izinsana
• Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, ngokwesibonelo ngenxa ye-HIV / AIDS, i-chemotherapy, isifo sikashukela, noma imithi ethena amandla amasosha omzimba

Ingozi yakho yokuthola i-TB iyanda uma:

• Basondelene nabantu abane-TB
• Phila ezimweni zokuphila eziminyene noma ezingcolile
• Yiba nokudla okunomsoco

Izici ezilandelayo zingakhuphula izinga lokutheleleka nge-TB kubantu:

• Ukwanda kokutheleleka nge-HIV
• Ukwanda kwenani labantu abangenamakhaya (imvelo entula nokudla okunempilo)
• Ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ze-TB ezingazweli emishanguzweni

Isigaba sokuqala se-TB asizibangeli izimpawu. Lapho kuvela izimpawu ze-TB yamaphaphu, zingabandakanya:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukukhwehlela (imvamisa enamafinyila)
• Akhwehlele igazi
• Ukujuluka okweqile, ikakhulukazi ebusuku
• Ukukhathala
• Imfiva
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• Ukuqhuma

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Lokhu kungakhombisa:

• Ukuvalwa kweminwe noma izinzwane (kubantu abanezifo ezithuthukile)
• Ama-lymph node avuvukile noma athambile entanyeni noma kwezinye izindawo
• Uketshezi oluzungeze iphaphu (i-pleural effusion)
• Imisindo yokuphefumula engajwayelekile (ama-crackles)

Izivivinyo ezinga-odwa zifaka:

• I-Bronchoscopy (isivivinyo esisebenzisa ububanzi ukubuka izindlela zomoya)
• Isikena se-CT esifubeni
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Interferon-gamma ikhipha ukuhlolwa kwegazi, njengokuhlolwa kwe-QFT-Gold ukuhlola ukutheleleka kwe-TB (okusebenzayo noma ukutheleleka esikhathini esedlule)
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela namasiko
• I-Thoracentesis (inqubo yokususa uketshezi esikhaleni esiphakathi kolwelwesi lwangaphandle lwamaphaphu nodonga lwesifuba)
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba se-tuberculin (okubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-PPD)
• I-biopsy yezicubu ezithintekile (kwenziwa ngokungavamile)

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka ngemithi elwa namagciwane e-TB. I-TB yamaphaphu esebenzayo ilashwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwemithi eminingi (imishanguzo emi-4 evamisile). Umuntu uthatha imithi kuze kube ukuhlolwa kwelebhu kukhombisa ukuthi imiphi imithi esebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ungadinga ukuthi uphuze amaphilisi amaningi ahlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uphuze amaphilisi ngendlela umhlinzeki wakho ayale ngayo.

Lapho abantu bengayiphuzi imishanguzo yabo ye-TB ngendlela obekufanele yenziwe ngayo, ukutheleleka kungaba nzima kakhulu ukwelashwa. Amagciwane e-TB angazwela ekwelashweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imithi ayisasebenzi.

Uma umuntu engayiphuzi yonke imithi njengoba eyalelwe, umhlinzeki angahle adinge ukubuka umuntu ethatha imithi enqunyiwe. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa okubhekwe ngqo. Kulesi simo, imithi inganikezwa izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu ngesonto.

Ungadinga ukuhlala ekhaya noma ungeniswe esibhedlela amasonto amabili kuya kwamane ukuze ugweme ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye uze ungabe usathathelana.

Umhlinzeki wakho kudingeka ngokomthetho ukuthi abike ukugula kwakho kwe-TB emnyangweni wezempilo wendawo. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizoqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza uzizwe ukwazi ukulawula.

Izimpawu zivame ukuthuthuka emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa. I-x-ray yesifuba ngeke ikhombise lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuze kube amasonto noma izinyanga kamuva. I-Outlook inhle kakhulu uma i-pulmonary TB itholakala kusenesikhathi futhi ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kuqalwa ngokushesha.

I-TB yamaphaphu ingadala ukulimala kwamaphaphu unomphela uma ingelashwa kusenesikhathi. Ingasakazeka nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-TB ingadala imiphumela emibi, okubandakanya:

• Izinguquko embonweni
• Izinyembezi nomchamo onombala osawolintshi noma onsundu
• I-Rash
• Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi

Ukuhlolwa kombono kungenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokwelashwa ukuze umhlinzeki wakho akwazi ukuqapha noma yiziphi izinguquko empilweni yamehlo akho.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Uyacabanga noma uyazi ukuthi usuchayeke ku-TB
• Uba nezimpawu zesifo sofuba
• Izimpawu zakho ziyaqhubeka ngaphandle kokwelashwa
• Izimpawu ezintsha ziyakhula

I-TB iyagwenywa, ngisho nakulabo asebeke batholakala kumuntu onegciwane. Ukuhlolelwa i-TB kwesikhumba kusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu noma kubantu okungenzeka ukuthi bavezwa i-TB, njengabasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Abantu abaye bavezwa yi-TB kufanele bahlolelwe isikhumba ngokushesha okukhulu futhi bahlolelwe okulandelayo kamuva, uma ukuhlolwa kokuqala kungenayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okusho ukuthi usuhlangane namagciwane e-TB. Akusho ukuthi une-TB esebenzayo noma iyathathelana. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuthola i-TB.

Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kwe-TB kulabo abane-TB esebenzayo kuya kulabo abangakaze batheleleke nge-TB.

Amanye amazwe anezifo eziningi ze-TB anika abantu umuthi wokugoma obizwa nge-BCG ukuvikela i-TB. Kepha, ukusebenza kwalo muthi wokugoma kunomkhawulo futhi akusetshenziswanga e-United States ukuvikela i-TB.

Abantu abake baba ne-BCG basengahlolwa isikhumba i-TB. Xoxa ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa (uma ikhona) nomhlinzeki wakho.

Isifo sofuba; Isifo sofuba - amaphaphu; I-Mycobacterium - yamaphaphu

• Isifo sofuba ezinso
• Isifo sofuba emaphashini
• Isifo sofuba, esithuthukile - ama-x-ray esifubeni
• I-Pululemon nodule - ukubukwa kwangaphambili kwesifuba x-ray
• Isigaxa sepulmonary, sisodwa - i-CT scan
• Isifo sofuba se-Miliary
• Isifo sofuba samaphaphu
• I-Erythema nodosum ehlotshaniswa ne-sarcoidosis
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba se-tuberculin

UFitzgerald DW, uSterling TR, uHaas DW. Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 249.

Isifo sofuba i-Hauk L.: imihlahlandlela yokuxilongwa evela ku-ATS, IDSA, ne-CDC. Ngingudokotela Womndeni. 2018; 97 (1): 56-58. I-PMID: 29365230 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29365230.

Wallace WAH. Umgudu wokuphefumula. Ku: Cross SS, ed. I-Underwood's Pathology. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 14.