Ukuhlolwa Kokushayisana

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwesifuba?
• Zisetshenziselwani?
• Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa kwengxabano?
• Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-concussion?
• Ngabe kuzodingeka ngenze noma yini ukulungiselela isivivinyo sokushayisana?
• Ingabe zikhona izingozi ezivivinyweni?
• Isho ukuthini imiphumela?
• Ngabe kukhona okunye engikudingayo ukwazi ngokuhlolwa komshikashika?
• Izinkomba

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwesifuba?

Ukuhlolwa komcabango kungasiza ukuthola ukuthi ngabe wena noma ingane yakho uke wahlukunyezwa yini. Ukudideka uhlobo lokulimala kobuchopho okubangelwa iqhubu, ukushaya, noma i-jolt ekhanda. Izingane ezincane zisengozini enkulu yokuqubuka ngenxa yokuthi ziyasebenza kakhulu futhi ngoba ubuchopho bazo busakhula.

Izimpikiswano zivame ukuchazwa njengokulimala komoya okulimazayo okuncane. Uma uthola ukuxubana, ubuchopho bakho buyazamazama noma buqhuqhe ngaphakathi kogebhezi lwakho. Kubanga izinguquko zamakhemikhali ebuchosheni futhi kuthinte nokusebenza kobuchopho. Ngemuva kwesifuba, ungaba nekhanda, ukuguquka kwemizwelo, nezinkinga zememori nokugxila. Imiphumela ivame ukuba yesikhashana, futhi abantu abaningi bayalulama ngokugcwele ngemuva kokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwengxabano ukuphumula, kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ukushiywa kungalashwa, ukuxubana kungadala ukulimala kobuchopho isikhathi eside.

Amanye amagama: ukuhlolwa kwempikiswano

Zisetshenziselwani?

Ukuhlolwa komcabango kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kobuchopho ngemuva kokulimala ekhanda. Uhlobo lokuhlolwa kokushayisana, olubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo, luvame ukusetshenziselwa abagijimi abadlala imidlalo yokuxhumana, okuyimbangela ejwayelekile yokuxakaniseka. Ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kokuncintisana kusetshenziswa kubadlali abangalimele ngaphambi kokuqala kwesizini yezemidlalo. Ilinganisa ukusebenza kobuchopho okujwayelekile. Uma umdlali elimala, imiphumela eyisisekelo iqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa komgogodla okwenziwe ngemuva kokulimala. Lokhu kusiza umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi abone ukuthi ngabe ukuxubana kubangele noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokusebenza kobuchopho.

Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa kwengxabano?

Wena noma ingane yakho ningadinga ukuhlolwa kwengxabano ngemuva kokulimala ekhanda, noma ngabe nicabanga ukuthi ukulimala akukubi. Iningi labantu alilahlekelwa ukwazi kusuka ekuqhumeni. Abanye abantu bathola ukuxubana futhi abazi nakwazi.Kubalulekile ukubuka izimpawu zokushayisana ukuze wena noma ingane yakho nizokwelashwa ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungakusiza ukuthi ululame ngokushesha futhi uvimbele ukulimala okuqhubekayo.

Izimpawu zokuxubana zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukukhathala
• Ukudideka
• Isiyezi
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni
• Izinguquko emaphethini wokulala
• Ukushintsha kwemizwelo
• Kunzima ukugxila
• Izinkinga zememori

Ezinye zalezi zimpawu zokuqubuka zivele ngokushesha. Abanye kungenzeka bangaveli amasonto noma izinyanga ngemuva kokulimala.

Izimpawu ezithile zingasho ukulimala okungathi sína kobuchopho kunokushayisana. Shayela ku-911 noma funa usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha uma wena noma ingane yakho unalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukungakwazi ukuvuswa ngemuva kokulimala
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukuquleka
• Inkulumo eshisiwe
• Ukuhlanza ngokweqile

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-concussion?

Ukuhlola kuvame ukufaka imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zokuxubana nokuhlolwa komzimba. Wena noma ingane yakho ningahlolwa nezinguquko ku:

• Umbono
• Ukuzwa
• Ibhalansi
• Ukudidiyela
• Izimo
• Imemori
• Ukuhlushwa

Abasubathi bangathola ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kokushayisana ngaphambi kokuqala kwesizini. Ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kokuncintisana kuvame ukubandakanya ukuthatha imibuzo yemibuzo eku-inthanethi. Uhlu lwemibuzo lukala ukunakwa, inkumbulo, isivinini sezimpendulo, namanye amakhono.

Ukuhlola kwesinye isikhathi kufaka enye yezinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuhlolwa kwe-imaging:

• I-CT (computerised tomography) scan, uhlobo lwe-x-ray oluthatha uchungechunge lwezithombe njengoba luzungeza wena
• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging), esebenzisa ozibuthe abanamandla namagagasi omsakazo ukwakha isithombe. Ayisebenzisi imisebe.

Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasetshenziswa futhi ukusiza ukuthola ukuxubana. I-FDA isanda kuvumela isivivinyo, esibizwa nge-Brain Trauma Indicator, sabantu abadala abanemihuzuko. Ukuhlolwa kukala amaprotheni athile akhishwa egazini kungakapheli amahora ayi-12 okulimala ekhanda. Ukuhlolwa kungakwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi ukulimala kubi kangakanani. Umhlinzeki wakho angasebenzisa isivivinyo ukunquma ukuthi uyayidinga i-CT scan noma cha.

Ngabe kuzodingeka ngenze noma yini ukulungiselela isivivinyo sokushayisana?

Awudingi noma yimaphi amalungiselelo akhethekile wokuhlolwa komshikashika.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ezivivinyweni?

Kukhona ingozi encane yokuhlolwa kwe-concussion. Izikena ze-CT nama-MRIs azinabuhlungu, kepha zingakhathaza kancane. Abanye abantu bazizwa be-claustrophobic kumshini wokuskena we-MRI.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela?

Uma imiphumela yakho ikhombisa ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ninenkinga, ukuphumula kuzoba isinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu ekululameni kwakho. Lokhu kufaka ukulala ngokwanele futhi ungenzi lutho olukhathazayo.

Uzodinga futhi ukuphumuza ingqondo yakho. Lokhu kwaziwa njengokuphumula kwengqondo. Kusho ukukhawulela umsebenzi wesikole noma eminye imisebenzi eyinselele ngokwengqondo, ukubukela i-TV, ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha nokufunda. Njengoba izimpawu zakho zithuthuka, ungakhuphula kancane izinga lakho lemisebenzi yomzimba nengqondo. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo noma umhlinzeki wengane yakho ngezincomo ezithile. Ukuthatha isikhathi esanele sokululama kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukutakula okugcwele.

Kwabasubathi, kungahle kube nezinyathelo ezicacisiwe, ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-concussion protocol, ezinconywayo ngaphezu kwezinyathelo ezibalwe ngenhla. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukungabuyeli emdlalweni izinsuku eziyisikhombisa noma ngaphezulu
• Ukusebenza nabaqeqeshi, abaqeqeshi, kanye nochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuhlola isimo somsubathi
• Ukuqhathanisa imiphumela yokuncintisana eyisisekelo nangemva kokulimala

Ngabe kukhona okunye engikudingayo ukwazi ngokuhlolwa komshikashika?

Kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuvimbela ukuxubana. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukugqoka izigqoko zokuzivikela ngenkathi uhamba ngebhayisikili, ushushuluza futhi wenza eminye imidlalo
• Ukuhlola njalo imishini yezemidlalo ngokulingana nokusebenza okufanele
• Ukugqoka amabhande
• Ukugcina ikhaya liphephile ngamakamelo akhanyiswe kahle futhi kususwa izinto ezitezi ezingadala ukuthi othile akhubeke. Ukuwa ekhaya kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokulimala ekhanda.

Ukuvimbela ukushayisana kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abake baba nesidumbu esikhathini esedlule. Ukuba nesifuba sesibili esiseduze nesikhathi sokulimala kokuqala kungadala izinkinga ezengeziwe zezempilo futhi kwandise isikhathi sokululama. Ukuba nezingxabano ezingaphezu kwesisodwa empilweni yakho nakho kungadala izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside.

Izinkomba

1. Ubuchopho, iNhloko neNtamo, kanye nokufanekisa komgogodla: Umhlahlandlela Weziguli kuNeuroradiology [Inthanethi]. I-American Society of Neuroradiology; c2012–2017. Ukulimala Kobuchopho Obuhlungu (i-TBI) kanye Nokuxubana; [kucashunwe 2018 Nov 14]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.asnr.org/patientinfo/conditions/tbi.shtml
2. Umtholampilo waseCleveland [Inthanethi]. I-Cleveland (OH): Umtholampilo waseCleveland; c1995–2018. Ingabe Ukushaywa Yimpi noma Okubi? Ungatshela Kanjani; 2015 Oct 16 [kucashunwe 2018 Nov 14]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/concussion-worse-can-tell
3. I-FDA: Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa e-U.S. [I-Intanethi]. ISiliva Spring (MD): UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-U.S. I-FDA igunyaza ukumaketha kokuhlolwa kwegazi kokuqala ukusiza ekuhloleni ukuxubana kwabantu abadala; 2018 Feb 14 [kubuyekezwe 2018 Feb 15; kukhonjiwe 2018 Nov 29]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.fda.gov/newsevents/newsroom/pressannouncements/ucm596531.htm
4. UJohn Hopkins Medicine [Inthanethi]. IYunivesithi yaseJohns Hopkins; Umtapo Wezincwadi Wezempilo: Impi; [kucashunwe 2018 Nov 14]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/adult/nervous_system_disorders/concussion_134,14
5. Izingane Health from Nemours [Internet]. UJacksonville (FL): INemours Foundation; c1995-2020. Izingxabano; [icashunwe ngo-2020 Jul 5]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/concussions.html?WT.ac=ctg
6. Ukuhlolwa Kwelebhu Ku-inthanethi [i-Intanethi]. IWashington DC: I-American Association for Clinical Chemistry; c2001–2018. I-FDA ivuma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kokuqala ukusiza ukuhlola impikiswano; [kubuyekezwe i-2018 Mar 21; kukhonjiwe 2018 Nov 29]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://labtestsonline.org/news/fda-approves-first-blood-test-help-evaluate-concussions
7. IMayfield Brain ne-Spine [i-Intanethi]. ICincinnati: IMayfield Ubuchopho kanye noMgogodla; c2008–2018. Ukuxubana (ukulimala komoya okulimazayo); [kubuyekezwe i-2018 Jul; kucashunwe 2018 Nov 14]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://mayfieldclinic.com/pe-concussion.htm
8. IMayo Clinic [Inthanethi]. IMayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1998–2018. Ingxabano: Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa; 2017 Jul 29 [kucashunwe 2018 Nov 14]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/concussion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355600
9. IMayo Clinic [Inthanethi]. IMayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1998–2018. Ingxabano: Izimpawu nezimbangela; 2017 Jul 29 [kucashunwe 2018 Nov 14]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/concussion/symptoms-causes/syc-20355594
10. IMayo Clinic [Inthanethi]. IMayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1998–2018. Ukuhlolwa kokushayisana: Ukubuka konke; 2018 Jan 3 [kucashunwe 2018 Nov 14]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/concussion-testing/about/pac-20384683
11. Uhlobo Lokuthengwa Kwamakhasimende we-Merck [Internet]. IKenilworth (NJ): IMerck & Co Inc .; c2018. Impi; [kucashunwe 2018 Nov 14]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/concussion
12. UMichigan Medicine: IYunivesithi yaseMichigan [i-Intanethi]. U-Ann Arbor (MI): Abaphathi be-University of Michigan; c1995–2018. Impi; [kucashunwe 2018 Nov 14]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/brain-neurological-conditions/concussion
13. Isikhungo Isisekelo [i-Intanethi]. I-Bend (NOMA): Isikhungo Sesikhungo; Isivumelwano Sokuncintisana Semidlalo Yentsha; [icashunwe ngo-2020 Jul 15]; [cishe izikrini eziyi-6]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.centerfoundation.org/concussion-protocol-2
14. Impilo ye-UF: University of Florida Health [Internet]. IGainesville (FL): Inyuvesi yaseFlorida Impilo; c2018. Impi: Ukubuka konke; [kubuyekezwe i-2018 Nov 14; kucashunwe 2018 Nov 14]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://ufhealth.org/concussion
15. Impilo ye-UF: University of Florida Health [Internet]. IGainesville (FL): Inyuvesi yaseFlorida Impilo; c2018. Iskena se-Head CT: Ukubuka konke; [kubuyekezwe i-2018 Nov 14; kucashunwe 2018 Nov 14]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://ufhealth.org/head-ct-scan
16. Impilo ye-UF: University of Florida Health [Internet]. IGainesville (FL): Inyuvesi yaseFlorida Impilo; c2018. INhloko ye-MRI: Ukubuka konke; [kubuyekezwe i-2018 Nov 14; kucashunwe 2018 Nov 14]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://ufhealth.org/head-mri
17. I-UPMC Sports Medicine [i-Intanethi]. IPittsburgh: UPMC; c2018. Izimpikiswano Zezemidlalo: Ukubuka konke; [kucashunwe 2018 Nov 14]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.upmc.com/services/sports-medicine/conditions/concussions#overview
18. I-UPMC Sports Medicine [i-Intanethi]. IPittsburgh: UPMC; c2018. Izingxabano Zezemidlalo: Izimpawu Nokuxilongwa; [kucashunwe 2018 Nov 14]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.upmc.com/services/sports-medicine/conditions/concussions#symptomsdiagnosis
19. I-University of Rochester Medical Center [i-Inthanethi]. URochester (NY): Isikhungo Sezokwelapha sase-University of Rochester; c2020. Ukunakekelwa Kwe-UR Medicine Concussion: Imibuzo Ejwayelekile; [icashunwe ngo-2020 Jul 15]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/concussion/common-questions.aspx
20. I-University of Rochester Medical Center [i-Inthanethi]. URochester (NY): Isikhungo Sezokwelapha sase-University of Rochester; c2020. I-Health Encyclopedia: Impi; [icashunwe ngo-20120 Jul 15] [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=134&contentid=14
21. Weill Cornell Medicine: Umtholampilo Wokulimala Kwezingxabano Nobuchopho [i-Intanethi]. ENew York: Weill Cornell Medicine; Izingane Nezingxabano; [kucashunwe 2018 Nov 4]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://concussion.weillcornell.org/about-concussions/kids-and-concussions

Imininingwane ekulesi siza akufanele isetshenziswe esikhundleni sezokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha noma iseluleko. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wezempilo uma unemibuzo ngempilo yakho.