Izindlela Ezingu-10 Ezingcono Kakhulu Zokukala Umzimba Wakho Amaphesenti

-Delile

• 1. Abasiki Bokukhipha Isikhumba
• 2. Izilinganiso Zokujikeleza Komzimba
• 3. I-Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)
• 4. Isisindo se-Hydrostatic
• 5.Ukufuduswa Kwomoya I-Plethysmography (I-Bod Pod)
• 6.I-Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (i-BIA)
• 7.I-Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS)
• 8.I-Myography ye-Electrical Impedance (i-EIM)
• 9. Izikena zomzimba ezi-3-D
• 10. Amamodeli Amakamelo Amaningi (iGold Standard)
• Iyiphi Indlela Engcono Kakhulu Kuwe?

Kungakhathaza ukunyathela esikalini ungaboni ushintsho.

Yize kungokwemvelo ukufuna impendulo enenqubekela phambili, isisindo somzimba akufanele kube yigxili lakho elikhulu.

Abanye abantu "abakhuluphele ngokweqile" banempilo, kanti abanye "abanesisindo esijwayelekile" abanempilo.

Kodwa-ke, iphesenti lamafutha omzimba wakho likutshela ukuthi isisindo sakho siqukethe ini.

Ngokuqondile, ikutshela iphesenti lesisindo somzimba wakho wonke esinamafutha. Ukwehla kwamaphesenti omzimba wakho, amaphesenti aphezulu wesisindo somzimba onamafutha onawo kuhlaka lwakho.

Nazi izindlela ezi-10 ezinhle kakhulu zokukala amaphesenti omzimba wakho.

1. Abasiki Bokukhipha Isikhumba

Izilinganiso zesikhumba ziye zasetshenziswa ukulinganisa amafutha omzimba iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ().

Abashayi besikhumba abalinganisa ubukhulu bamafutha akho angaphansi - amanoni angaphansi kwesikhumba - ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba.

Izilinganiso zithathwa ezindaweni ezi-3 noma ezi-7 ezihlukene emzimbeni. Amasayithi athile asetshenzisiwe ayahlukahluka kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

Kwabesifazane, ama-triceps, indawo engaphezulu kwethambo lesinqe noma ithanga noma isisu kusetshenziselwa isilinganiso se-3-site (2).

Ngokwesilinganiso samasayithi ayi-7 kwabesifazane, kukalwa isifuba, indawo eseduze kwekhwapha nendawo engaphansi kwehlombe.

Kwabesilisa, amasayithi ama-3 yisifuba, isisu nethanga, noma isifuba, ama-triceps nendawo engaphansi kwe-scapula (2).

Ngokwesilinganiso samasayithi ayi-7 emadodeni, izindawo eziseduze kwekhwapha nangaphansi kwehlombe nazo ziyalinganiswa.

• Izinzuzo: Abakhongi abafakwa esikhunjeni bayabiza kakhulu, futhi izilinganiso zingathathwa ngokushesha. Zingasetshenziswa ekhaya kepha futhi ziyaphatheka.
• Okubi: Le ndlela idinga ulwazi lokuzijwayeza nolwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-anatomy. Futhi, abanye abantu abajabuli ngokuncinwa amafutha abo.
• Ukutholakala: Ama-calipers ayabiza futhi kulula ukuwathenga ku-inthanethi.
• Ukunemba: Ikhono lomuntu owenza isikhumba sesikhumba lingahluka, kuthinte ukunemba. Amaphutha wokulinganisa angaba kusuka ku-3.5-5% wamafutha omzimba (3).
• Ividiyo yokufundisa: Nasi isibonelo sokuhlolwa kwendawo yesikhumba eyi-7.

Ukulinganisa iphesenti lamafutha omzimba ngabasiki besikhumba abashibhile kuyabiza futhi kulula uma wazi ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani. Kodwa-ke, ukunemba kuncike ekhonweni lomuntu owenza ukuhlolwa.

2. Izilinganiso Zokujikeleza Komzimba

Isimo somzimba siyehluka kuye ngomuntu, futhi ukuma komzimba wakho kunikeza imininingwane ngamafutha omzimba wakho ().

Ukukala ukuzungeza kwezitho ezithile zomzimba kuyindlela elula yokulinganisa amafutha omzimba.

Isibonelo, i-US Army isebenzisa ukubalwa kwamafutha omzimba okuvele kudinge ubudala bomuntu, ukuphakama nezilinganiso ezimbalwa zomjikelezo.

Kwabesilisa, imingcele entanyeni nasokhalweni isetshenziswa kulesi sibalo. Kwabesifazane, umjikelezo wezinqulu ufakiwe (5).

• Izinzuzo: Le ndlela ilula futhi iyabiza. Iteyipu yokulinganisa eguquguqukayo nokubala konke okudingayo. Lawa mathuluzi angasetshenziswa ekhaya futhi ayaphatheka.
• Okubi: Izibalo zomjikelezo womzimba kungenzeka zinganembi kubo bonke abantu ngenxa yokwehluka kwesimo somzimba nokusatshalaliswa kwamafutha.
• Ukutholakala: Iteyipu yokulinganisa eguquguqukayo itholakala kalula futhi iyabiza kakhulu.
• Ukunemba: Ukunemba kungahlukahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngokufana kwakho nabantu abasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izibalo. Izinga lephutha lingaba ngamafutha omzimba angaphansi kuka-2.5-4.5%, kodwa futhi lingaphakama kakhulu (3).
• Ividiyo yokufundisa: Nayi ividiyo ebonisa izibonelo zezilinganiso zamabhande.

Sebenzisa izingqimba zomzimba ukulinganisa amafutha omzimba kuyashesha futhi kulula. Kodwa-ke, ukunemba kwale ndlela kungahlukahluka kakhulu futhi akubhekwa njengendlela ekahle yokulinganisa amaphesenti amafutha omzimba.

3. I-Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)

Njengoba igama lisho, i-DXA isebenzisa ama-X-ray amandla amabili ahlukene ukulinganisa amaphesenti omzimba wakho ().

Ngesikhathi sokuskena kwe-DXA, ulele ngomhlane cishe imizuzu eyi-10 ngenkathi i-X-ray iskena kuwe.

Inani lemisebe evela kuskena se-DXA liphansi kakhulu. Kucishe kube yimali efanayo oyitholayo ngesikhathi samahora amathathu empilo yakho ejwayelekile (7).

I-DXA ibuye isetshenziselwe ukuhlola ukuminyana kwethambo futhi inikeze imininingwane eningiliziwe mayelana nethambo, isisindo esinamafutha namafutha ezifundeni zomzimba ezihlukene (izingalo, imilenze nesisu) ().

• Izinzuzo: Le ndlela inikeza ulwazi olunembile nolunemininingwane, kufaka phakathi ukuwohloka kwezifunda zomzimba ezahlukahlukene kanye nokufundwa kwesisindo samathambo.
• Okubi: Ama-DXA kaningi awatholakali emphakathini jikelele, ayabiza uma etholakala futhi aletha inani elincane kakhulu lemisebe.
• Ukutholakala: I-DXA itholakala kuphela kuzilungiselelo zezokwelapha noma zocwaningo.
• Ukunemba: I-DXA inikeza imiphumela engaguquguquki kunezinye izindlela. Izinga lephutha lisukela ku-2.5-3.5% wamafutha omzimba (3).
• Ividiyo yokufundisa: Nayi ividiyo ebonisa ukuthi i-DXA isebenza kanjani.

I-DXA inembe kakhulu kunezinye izindlela eziningi zokuhlola amaphesenti amafutha omzimba. Kodwa-ke, ivame ukungatholakali kubantu abaningi, ibiza kahle futhi ayinakwenzeka ukuhlolwa okuvamile.

4. Isisindo se-Hydrostatic

Le ndlela, eyaziwa nangokuthi isisindo sangaphansi kwamanzi noma i-hydrodensitometry, ilinganisela ukwakheka komzimba wakho ngokuya ngobuningi bayo ().

Le ndlela ikusinda ngenkathi ucwiliswa ngaphansi kwamanzi ngemuva kokukhipha umoya omningi ngangokunokwenzeka emaphashini akho.

Uyalinganiswa futhi ngenkathi usemhlabathini owomile, futhi nenani lomoya osele emaphashini akho ngemuva kokukhipha uyalinganiselwa noma ulinganiswe.

Lonke lolu lwazi lufakwe kwizibalo ukuthola ubukhulu bomzimba wakho. Ubuningi bomzimba wakho bese busetshenziselwa ukubikezela amaphesenti omzimba wakho.

• Izinzuzo: Inembile futhi iyashesha ngokuqhathaniswa.
• Okubi: Kunzima noma kungenzeki ukuthi abanye abantu bacwiliswe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi. Le ndlela idinga ukuphefumula umoya omningi ngangokunokwenzeka, bese ubamba umoya wakho ngaphansi kwamanzi.
• Ukutholakala: Isisindo se-Hydrostatic sitholakala kuphela emanyuvesi, izilungiselelo zezokwelapha noma izikhungo ezithile zokuqina.
• Ukunemba: Lapho ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kahle, iphutha lale divayisi lingahle liphansi ngama-2% amafutha omzimba (3, 10).
• Ividiyo yokufundisa: Nasi isibonelo sendlela ukukalwa kwe-hydrostatic kwenziwa ngayo.

Isisindo se-Hydrostatic yindlela enembile yokuhlola amafutha omzimba wakho.Kodwa-ke, itholakala kuphela ezikhungweni ezithile futhi ibandakanya ukubamba umoya wakho ngenkathi ucwiliswa ngokuphelele emanzini.

5.Ukufuduswa Kwomoya I-Plethysmography (I-Bod Pod)

Ngokufana nesisindo se-hydrostatic, i-air displacement plethysmography (ADP) ilinganisela amaphesenti omzimba wakho ngokuya ngobuningi bomzimba wakho ().

Noma kunjalo, i-ADP isebenzisa umoya esikhundleni samanzi. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwevolumu nokucindezela komoya kuvumela le divayisi ukubikezela ubukhulu bomzimba wakho ().

Uhlala ngaphakathi kwegumbi elenziwe ngeqanda imizuzu eminingana ngenkathi ingcindezi yomoya ngaphakathi kwegumbi ishintshwa.

Ukuze uthole izilinganiso ezinembile, udinga ukugqoka izingubo eziqinisa isikhumba noma isudi yokugeza ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

• Izinzuzo: Le ndlela inembile futhi iyashesha, futhi ayidingi ukucwiliswa emanzini.
• Okubi: I-ADP inokutholakala okulinganiselwe futhi kungabiza.
• Ukutholakala: I-ADP itholakala kuphela emanyuvesi, izilungiselelo zezokwelapha noma izikhungo ezithile zokufaneleka.
• Ukunemba: Ukunemba kuhle kakhulu, ngesilinganiso sephutha lamafutha omzimba angu-2-4% (3).
• Ividiyo yokufundisa: Le vidiyo ikhombisa ukuhlolwa kweBod Pod.

I-Bod Pod iyisetshenziswa esiyinhloko se-ADP esisetshenziswa njengamanje. Kubikezela amafutha omzimba wakho nomoya kunamanzi. Inokunemba okuhle, kepha itholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezithile zezokwelapha, zocwaningo noma zokuqina.

6.I-Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (i-BIA)

Amadivayisi we-BIA abona ukuthi umzimba wakho uphendula kanjani emisakazweni emincane kagesi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokubeka ama-electrode esikhumbeni sakho.

Amanye ama-electrode athumela imisinga emzimbeni wakho, kanti amanye athola isiginali ngemuva kokuthi isidlulile kwizicubu zomzimba wakho.

Imisinga kagesi ihamba ngemisipha kalula kunamafutha ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamanzi aphezulu kwemisipha ().

Idivayisi ye-BIA ingena ngokuzenzakalela ekuphenduleni komzimba wakho kumaza kagesi abe yisibalo esibikezela ukwakheka komzimba wakho.

Kunezinto eziningi ezahlukahlukene ze-BIA ezihluka kakhulu ezindlekweni, ukubanzima nokunemba.

• Izinzuzo: I-BIA iyashesha futhi ilula, futhi amadivayisi amaningi angathengwa ngabathengi.
• Okubi: Ukunemba kuyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi kungathinteka kakhulu ngokudla nangoketshezi.
• Ukutholakala: Yize amayunithi amaningi etholakala kubathengi, lawa avamise ukungabi naphutha kunamadivayisi abizayo asetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo zezokwelapha noma zocwaningo.
• Ukunemba: Ukunemba kuyahlukahluka, ngesilinganiso sephutha esisukela ku-3.8-5% wamafutha omzimba kepha singaphakama noma sehle ngokuya ngedivayisi esetshenzisiwe (3,).
• Amavidiyo wokufundisa: Nazi izibonelo zamadivayisi we-BIA angabizi kakhulu anama-electrode esandla, ama-electrode ezinyawo kanye nama-electrode ezandla nezinyawo. Nasi isibonelo sedivayisi ye-BIA ethuthuke kakhulu.

Amadivayisi we-BIA asebenza ngokuthumela imisinga kagesi emincane emzimbeni wakho ukubona ukuthi ahamba kalula kangakanani ngezicubu zakho. Amadivayisi amaningi ahlukene ayatholakala, yize amadivayisi athuthukile akhiqiza imiphumela enembe kakhulu.

7.I-Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS)

I-BIS ifana ne-BIA ngokuthi zombili lezi zindlela zilinganisa ukuphendula komzimba kumagesi amancane kagesi. Amadivayisi we-BIS ne-BIA abukeka efanayo kodwa asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile.

I-BIS isebenzisa inani elikhulu kakhulu lamaza kagesi kune-BIA, ngaphezu kwamafrikhwensi aphezulu naphansi, ukubikezela ngezibalo inani lamanzi omzimba wakho ().

I-BIS iphinde ihlaziye imininingwane ngokuhlukile, kanti abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-BIS ilungile kune-BIA (,).

Kodwa-ke, ngokufana ne-BIA, i-BIS isebenzisa imininingwane yomswakama womzimba eyiqoqayo ukubikezela ukwakheka komzimba wakho ngokuya ngezibalo ().

Ukunemba kwazo zombili lezi zindlela kuncike ekutheni ufana kanjani nabantu okwenzelwe lezi zibalo ().

• Izinzuzo: I-BIS iyashesha futhi kulula.
• Okubi: Ngokungafani ne-BIA, amadivayisi we-BIS ebanga lomthengi awatholakali okwamanje.
• Ukutholakala: I-BIS itholakala kuphela emanyuvesi, izilungiselelo zezokwelapha noma izikhungo ezithile zokuqina.
• Ukunemba: I-BIS inembe kakhulu kunamadivayisi we-BIA ebanga lomthengi kepha inezinga elifanayo lephutha kumamodeli we-BIA asezingeni eliphakeme (amafutha angama-3-5%) (3,).
• Ividiyo yokufundisa: Nayi ividiyo echaza umehluko phakathi kwe-BIA ne-BIS.

Ngokufana ne-BIA, i-BIS ilinganisa impendulo yomzimba wakho kumagagasi amancane kagesi. Kodwa-ke, i-BIS isebenzisa imisinga eminingi kagesi futhi icubungule imininingwane ngokuhlukile. Inembile kahle kepha isetshenziswa kakhulu kuzilungiselelo zezokwelapha nezocwaningo.

8.I-Myography ye-Electrical Impedance (i-EIM)

I-myography kagesi kagesi iyindlela yesithathu elinganisa ukuphendula komzimba wakho emisakazweni emincane kagesi.

Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi i-BIA ne-BIS ithumela imisinga ngomzimba wakho wonke, i-EIM ithumela imisinga ezifundeni ezincane zomzimba wakho ().

Muva nje, lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswe kumadivayisi angabizi kakhulu atholakala kubathengi.

Lawa madivayisi abekwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba ukulinganisa amafutha omzimba alezo zindawo ezithile ().

Ngoba le divayisi ibekwe ngqo ezifundeni ezithile zomzimba, inokufana okuthile nabashayi besikhumba, yize ubuchwepheshe buhluke kakhulu.

• Izinzuzo: I-EIM iyashesha futhi ilula.
• Okubi: Imininingwane emincane kakhulu iyatholakala mayelana nokunemba kwalawa madivayisi.
• Ukutholakala: Amadivayisi ashibhile ayatholakala emphakathini jikelele.
• Ukunemba: Imininingwane elinganiselwe iyatholakala, yize isifundo esisodwa sabika iphutha elingu-2.5-3% maqondana ne-DXA ().
• Ividiyo yokufundisa: Nayi ividiyo ekhombisa ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani idivayisi ye-EIM eshibhile, ephathekayo.

I-EIM ijova imisinga kagesi ezifundeni ezincane zomzimba. Amadivayisi aphathekayo abekwa ngqo ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba ukulinganisa amaphesenti amafutha omzimba kulezo zindawo. Ucwaningo oluningi luyadingeka ukuthola ukunemba kwale ndlela.

9. Izikena zomzimba ezi-3-D

Ama-scanner womzimba we-3D asebenzisa izinzwa ze-infrared ukuthola ukubuka okuningiliziwe kokuma komzimba wakho ().

Izinzwa zikhiqiza imodeli yomzimba wakho engu-3-D.

Kwamanye amadivayisi, ume epulatifomu ejikelezayo imizuzu eminingana ngenkathi izinzwa zithola ukuma komzimba wakho. Amanye amadivayisi asebenzisa izinzwa ezizungeza umzimba wakho.

Izibalo zesithwebuli bese zilinganisela amaphesenti omzimba wakho ngokuya ngesimo somzimba wakho ().

Ngale ndlela, izikena zomzimba ezi-3-D ziyefana nezilinganiso zomjikelezo. Kodwa-ke, inani elikhulu lemininingwane linikezwa isithwebuli se-3-D ().

• Izinzuzo: Ukuskena komzimba okungu-3-D kuyashesha futhi kulula.
• Okubi: Ama-3-D scanner omzimba awavamile ukutholakala kepha athola ukuthandwa.
• Ukutholakala: Amadivayisi amaningi ebanga lomthengi ayatholakala, kodwa awabizi njengezindlela ezilula zokulinganisa umjikelezo njengabakhali besikhumba.
• Ukunemba: Imininingwane elinganiselwe iyatholakala, kepha ezinye izikena ze-3-D zingahle zinembe kahle ngamaphutha we-4% fat fat ().
• Ividiyo yokufundisa: Nayi ividiyo ekhombisa ukuthi isithwebuli somzimba esingu-3-D sisebenza kanjani.

Ama-3-D scanner ayindlela entsha yokuhlola amaphesenti amafutha omzimba. Le ndlela isebenzisa imininingwane mayelana nokuma komzimba wakho ukubikezela amaphesenti omzimba wakho. Imininingwane eminingi iyadingeka mayelana nokunemba kwalezi zindlela.

10. Amamodeli Amakamelo Amaningi (iGold Standard)

Amamodeli wezinto eziningi abhekwa njengeyona ndlela enembe kakhulu yokuhlola ukwakheka komzimba (3, 10).

Lezi zinhlobo zihlukanisa umzimba ube izingxenye ezintathu noma ngaphezulu. Ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu kubizwa ngamamodeli we-3-compartment kanye ne-4-compartment.

Lezi zinhlobo zidinga ukuhlolwa okuningi ukuthola izilinganiso zomzimba, ivolumu yomzimba, amanzi omzimba nokuqukethwe kwamathambo ().

Lolu lwazi lutholakala kwezinye zezindlela osekuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Isibonelo, i-hydrostatic enesisindo noma i-ADP inganikeza ivolumu yomzimba, i-BIS noma i-BIA inganikeza ngamanzi omzimba kanti i-DXA ingalinganisa okuqukethwe kwethambo.

Imininingwane evela kulezi zindlela ihlanganisiwe ukwakha isithombe esiphelele somzimba nokuthola amaphesenti anembile kakhulu omzimba womzimba (,).

• Izinzuzo: Le yindlela enembile kunazo zonke etholakalayo.
• Okubi: Ngokuvamile ayitholakali emphakathini jikelele futhi idinga ukuhlolwa okuningi okuhlukahlukene. Kuyinkimbinkimbi kunezinye izindlela eziningi.
• Ukutholakala: Ukumodeliswa kwamakamelo amaningi kutholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezikhethiwe zezokwelapha nezocwaningo.
• Ukunemba: Le yindlela enhle kakhulu ngokunemba. Amanani wamaphutha angaba ngaphansi kuka-1% wamafutha omzimba. Lezi zinhlobo ziyi "standard yegolide" yangempela ezinye izindlela okufanele ziqhathaniswe (3).

Izinhlobo zamakamelo amaningi zinembe kakhulu futhi zibhekwa “njengegolide ejwayelekile” yokuhlolwa kwamafutha omzimba. Kodwa-ke, zifaka izivivinyo eziningi futhi ngokuvamile azitholakali emphakathini jikelele.

Iyiphi Indlela Engcono Kakhulu Kuwe?

Ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokuhlola amaphesenti amafutha omzimba angcono kakhulu kuwe akulula.

Nayi imibuzo eminingana engakusiza uthathe isinqumo:

• Yini inhloso yokuhlola amaphesenti omzimba wakho?
• Kubaluleke kangakanani ukunemba okuphezulu?
• Ufuna kangaki ukuvivinya amaphesenti omzimba wakho?
• Ngabe ufuna indlela ongayenza ekhaya?
• Ibaluleke kangakanani intengo?

Ezinye izindlela, njengokulinganisa kwesikhumba, ukubalwa kobubanzi kanye namadivayisi we-BIA aphathekayo, akubizi futhi akuvumela ukuthi ulinganiswe ekhaya lakho kaningi ngendlela othanda ngayo. Amadivayisi angathengwa naku-inthanethi kalula, njengakwi-Amazon.

Noma lezi zindlela zingenakho ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu, zingaba ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kuwe.

Iningi lezindlela ezinemininingwane ephezulu kakhulu azitholakali ukuzisebenzisa ekhaya lakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho zitholakala endaweni yokuhlola, zingabiza.

Uma ufuna ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhudlwana futhi uzimisele ukukukhokhela, ungalandela indlela ngokunemba okuhle njenge-hydrostatic enesisindo, i-ADP noma i-DXA.

Noma iyiphi indlela oyisebenzisayo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa indlela efanayo ngokungaguquguquki.

Cishe ngazo zonke izindlela, kungcono ukwenza izilinganiso zakho ekuseni ngemuva kokuzila ukudla ubusuku bonke, ngemuva kokuya endlini yangasese nangaphambi kokuba udle noma yini noma uqale imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Okufanelekile, kufanele wenze isivivinyo ngaphambi kokuba uphuze okuthile, ikakhulukazi izindlela ezincike kwizimpawu zikagesi njenge-BIA, BIS ne-EIM.

Ukuzihlola ngendlela efanayo isikhathi ngasinye kuzonciphisa amazinga wamaphutha futhi kwenze kube lula ukusho uma uthuthuka.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uhumushe imiphumela yakho kusuka kunoma iyiphi indlela ngokuqapha. Ngisho nezindlela ezinhle kakhulu aziphelele futhi zikunikeza kuphela isilinganiso samafutha omzimba wakho wangempela.