Kuyini Ukutheleleka Kwamagciwane E-West Nile (I-West Nile Fever)?

-Delile

• Izimpawu
• Izimbangela
• Izici zobungozi
• Ukuhlonza ukutheleleka
• Isithombe sesikhumba esithintwe yigciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile
• Ukwelashwa
• Amaqiniso nezibalo
• Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka
• Umbono

Ukubuka konke

Ukulunywa omiyane kungaphenduka into ebucayi kakhulu uma ikuthelele ngegciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile (kwesinye isikhathi elibizwa nge-WNV). Omiyane badlulisa leli gciwane ngokuluma inyoni enalesi sifo bese beluma umuntu. Akubona bonke abantu abalunywe omiyane abanegciwane abathola lesi sifo, noma kunjalo.

I-WNV ingaba nzima kubantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-60 kanye nabantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Uma kutholakala futhi kwelashwa ngokushesha, umbono wokubuyiswa kwegciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile muhle.

Izimpawu

Uma unegciwane le-West Nile, uzokhombisa izimpawu zegciwane lokuqala zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezingu-14 ulunywe. Izimpawu ze-West Nile virus ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Izimpawu ezinzima zingafaka:

• imfiva
• ukudideka
• ukudlikizela
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• ukulahleka kombono
• ukuba ndikindiki
• ukukhubazeka
• ikhoma

Ukutheleleka okunzima kungahlala amasonto ambalwa. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukutheleleka okunzima kungadala ukulimala kobuchopho unomphela.

Ukutheleleka okuncane akuvamile ukuhlala isikhathi eside. Izinhlobo ezincane zegciwane laseNtshonalanga yeNayile zingase zidideke nomkhuhlane. Izimpawu zifaka:

• imfiva
• ikhanda
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• ukuvuvukala kwezindlala
• ukuqhuma esifubeni, esiswini, noma emuva

Izimbangela

Omiyane abathelelekile ngokuvamile basakaza igciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile. Umiyane uqale ulume inyoni enesifo bese uluma umuntu noma esinye isilwane. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukumpontshelwa igazi, ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba, ukuncelisa, noma ukukhulelwa kungadlulisa igciwane futhi kusabalalise ukugula. Igciwane le-West Nile alikwazi ukusakazeka ngokuqabula noma ngokuthinta omunye umuntu.

Izici zobungozi

Noma ngubani olunywe umiyane onaleli gciwane angalithola igciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile. Kodwa-ke, bangaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa labantu abalunyiwe aba nezimpawu ezinzima noma ezisongela impilo.

Ubudala bungesinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezingozini zokuthuthukisa izimpawu ezinzima ezivela ekuthelelekeni kweNtshonalanga Nile. Umdala (ikakhulukazi uma ungaphezu kweminyaka engama-60), maningi amathuba okuthi ubhekane nezimpawu ezinzima.

Izimo zezokwelapha ezandisa ubungozi bezimpawu ezinzima zifaka:

• izimo zezinso
• isifo sikashukela
• umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• umdlavuza
• izivikeli mzimba ezingasebenzi kahle

Ukuhlonza ukutheleleka

Ezimweni eziningi, udokotela wakho angaxilonga igciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula. Lokhu kunganquma ukuthi unazo yini izinto zofuzo noma ama-antibody egazini lakho ahlobene negciwane le-West Nile.

Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima futhi zihlobene nobuchopho, udokotela wakho angalawula ukubhoboza i-lumbar. Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi umpompi womgogodla, lokhu kuhlolwa kubandakanya ukufaka inaliti emgogodleni wakho ukukhipha uketshezi. Igciwane le-West Nile lingakhuphula isibalo samangqamuzana amhlophe egazini kuketshezi, okukhombisa ukutheleleka. I-MRI nokunye ukuskena kwe-imaging kungasiza ekutholeni ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kobuchopho.

Isithombe sesikhumba esithintwe yigciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile

Ukwelashwa

Ngenxa yokuthi yisifo segciwane, igciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile alinawo umuthi. Kepha ungathatha ukudambisa izinhlungu okuthengwa ekhawunteni, njenge-ibuprofen noma i-aspirin, ukukhulula izimpawu zegciwane le-West Nile njengezinhlungu zemisipha nekhanda.

Uma uhlangabezana nokuvuvukala kobuchopho noma ezinye izimpawu ezinzima, udokotela wakho angakunika uketshezi olufakwa emithanjeni nemithi yokwehlisa ubungozi bokutheleleka.

Ucwaningo okwamanje lwenziwa ekwelashweni nge-interferon ngegciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile. Ukwelashwa kwe-Interferon kuhlose ukusebenzisa izinto ezikhiqizwa amasosha akho omzimba ukwelapha i-encephalitis kubantu abatheleleke ngegciwane le-West Nile. Ucwaningo aluqinisekisi ngokusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha i-encephalitis, kodwa izifundo ziyathembisa.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezingacwaningwa nge-encephalitis ehlobene ne-West Nile zifaka:

• i-polyclonal immunoglobulin emthanjeni (IGIV)
• I-WNV recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (MGAWN1)
• ama-corticosteroids

Udokotela wakho angaxoxa nawe noma ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha uma une-encephalitis futhi izimpawu zakho zinzima noma zisongela impilo.

Amaqiniso nezibalo

Igciwane le-West Nile lisakazeka kakhulu ehlobo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kukaJuni noSepthemba. Cishe abantu abanegciwane ngeke bakhombise noma yiziphi izimpawu.

Cishe abantu abanegciwane bazobonisa izimpawu ezithile zomkhuhlane, njengokuphathwa yikhanda, ukuhlanza, nohudo. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukudlula ngokushesha. Ezinye izimpawu, njengokukhathala, zingaqhubeka kuze kube izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemuva kokutheleleka kokuqala.

Bambalwa kunabantu abathola ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-West Nile aba nezimpawu ezinzima noma izimo zezinzwa ezifana ne-meningitis noma i-encephalitis. Kulawa macala, ambalwa kunalawo abulalayo.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka

Njalo ukulunywa omiyane kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Lezi zinyathelo zingakusiza uvikele igciwane le-West Nile njalo uma ungaphandle:

• Gcina isikhumba sakho simbozwe ngamahembe enemikhono emide, amabhulukwe namasokisi.
• Gqoka into exosha izinambuzane.
• Susa noma yimaphi amanzi amile azungeze ikhaya lakho (omiyane bakhangwa amanzi amile).
• Qiniseka ukuthi amawindi neminyango yekhaya lakho kunezikrini zokuvimba omiyane bangangeni.
• Sebenzisa inetha lomiyane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokudlala noma ezinqoleni, ukuvikela wena nezingane zakho ekulunyweni omiyane.

Ukulunywa omiyane kuvame kakhulu ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ingozi yakho iyancipha phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo ngoba omiyane abakwazi ukuhlala emazingeni okushisa abandayo.

Bika noma yiziphi izinyoni ezifile ozibonayo kwi-ejensi yezempilo yangakini. Ungazithinti noma uziphathe lezi zinyoni. Izinyoni ezifile zingalidlulisela kalula igciwane leNtshonalanga Nile liye kumiyane, engalidlulisela kubantu ngisho noma lilume kanye. Uma kukhona izimpawu zegciwane ezitholakala endaweni ezungeze inyoni, i-ejensi yezempilo cishe izokwandisa umsebenzi wokulawulwa kwezinambuzane noma ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Lezi zenzo zingavimbela ukusabalala kwegciwane ngaphambi kokuba lidluliselwe kubantu.

Umbono

Yize umuthi wokugoma ukhona wokuvikela amahhashi egciwaneni laseNtshonalanga Nile, awukho umuthi wokugomela abantu.

Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo ngesikhathi sokutheleleka ngegciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile, ikakhulukazi okunzima, kubalulekile ukuze usinde. Funa ukwelashwa uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezichazwe ngenhla, ikakhulukazi uma wazi ukuthi usanda kulunywa umiyane noma uvakashele indawo enomiyane abaningi.

Kungenzeka ululame ngokushesha futhi uthole ukululama okugcwele ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile. Kodwa ukwelashwa ngokushesha nangokungaguquguquki kuyindlela engcono yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpawu zakho zihlala zimnene. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma unezici ezithile zobungozi, njengokuguga noma izimo ezithile zezokwelapha.