Lezi zithombe Zomdlavuza Wesikhumba Zingakusiza Ubone Imvukuzane Esolisayo

-Delile

• Ingabe Umdlavuza Wesikhumba Ongelona I-Melanoma Ubukeka Kanjani?
• I-Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
• I-squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
• I-Melanoma Skin Cancer
• Ayini ama-ABCDE ama-moles?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zomdlavuza wesikhumba?
• Kufanele uwuhlole kangaki umdlavuza wesikhumba?
• Buyekeza kwe-

Akunakuphikwa: ukuchitha isikhathi elangeni kungazizwa kukuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emva kobusika obude. Futhi uma nje ugqoke i-SPF futhi ungashi, ucacile uma kuziwa kumdlavuza wesikhumba, akunjalo? Akulungile. Iqiniso: Ayikho into efana nesikhumba esinempilo. Ngokujulile. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi womabili amathani nokushiswa yilanga kuholela ekulimaleni kwe-DNA okungavula indlela eya ku-C omkhulu njengoba kufakazelwa yilezi zithombe zomdlavuza wesikhumba. (Okuhlobene: Izindlela Zokushiswa yilanga Zokuthambisa Isikhumba Esishisiwe)

Ukuvimbela, njengokugqoka i-SPF nsuku zonke, kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Kepha ukuzijwayeza izithombe zomdlavuza wesikhumba njengezibonelo kungakusiza ukuthi ukwazi ukubona okujwayelekile nokungafanele futhi, nakho kungasindisa impilo yakho. I-Skin Cancer Foundation ilinganisela ukuthi oyedwa kwabayisihlanu baseMelika uzoba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-70, okwenza kube umdlavuza ovame kakhulu e-US Ngaphezu kwalokho, nsuku zonke eMelika, abantu abangaphezu kuka-9 500 batholakala benomdlavuza wesikhumba futhi kufa abantu abangaphezu kwababili yesifo njalo ngehora, ngokwesisekelo.

Njengoba kungenzeka uke wezwa ngaphambilini, ingozi yomuntu yokuba ne-melanoma iphindwe kabili uma ngabe eshiswe yilanga kahlanu noma ngaphezulu empilweni yakhe, kusho uHadley King, MD, udokotela wesikhumba eNew York City. Umlando womndeni womdlavuza wesikhumba nawo uzokwandisa ubungozi bakho. Noma kunjalo, wonke umuntu nelanga noma okunye ukuvezwa kwe-UV (njengokuvela emibhedeni yokushuka) kusengozini yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba. (Bheka futhi: Le divayisi entsha ibukeka njengobuciko be-Nail kepha ilandelela ukuvezwa kwakho kwe-UV.)

"Isikhumba singaba mhlophe qhwa noma sibe nsundu kashokoledi kodwa usesengozini," kusho uCharles E. Crutchfield III, M.D., uprofesa wezokwelapha wesikhumba e-University of Minnesota Medical School. Kodwa-ke, kuyiqiniso ukuthi abantu abanesikhumba esikahle bane-melanin encane, ngakho-ke ukuvikeleka okuncane emisebeni ye-UV, okwandisa ingozi yokuthola i-tan noma ukushiswa yilanga. Eqinisweni, ukuxilongwa kwe-melanoma kunamathuba aphindwe ka-20 kwabamhlophe kunase-Afrika yaseMelika, ngokwe-American Cancer Society. Ukukhathazeka ngabantu bemibala ukuthi umdlavuza wesikhumba uvame ukutholakala kamuva futhi ezigabeni ezithuthuke kakhulu, lapho kunzima kakhulu ukuwelapha.

Manje njengoba unezici eziyisisekelo zobungozi phansi, sekuyisikhathi sokuqhubekela engxenyeni engeyona-enhle kangako: izithombe zomdlavuza wesikhumba. Uma uke wazizwa ukhathazekile ngemvukuzane esolisayo noma izinguquko ezingajwayelekile zesikhumba noma u-Googled 'ubukeka kanjani umdlavuza wesikhumba?' bese uqhubeka. Futhi noma ungakakwenzi, kusafanele uqhubeke ufunda.

Ingabe Umdlavuza Wesikhumba Ongelona I-Melanoma Ubukeka Kanjani?

Umdlavuza wesikhumba uhlukaniswe njenge-melanoma kanye ne-non-melanoma. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba i-non-melanoma futhi kunezinhlobo ezimbili: i-basal cell carcinoma kanye ne-squamous cell carcinoma. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zihlobene ngokuqondile nokuchayeka elangeni kwakho konke ukuphila kwakho konke kanye nokuthuthuka ku-epidermis, okuwungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu lwesikhumba sakho, kusho uDkt. King. (Okuhlobene: Indlela Amadokhumenti Azivikela Ngayo Kumdlavuza Wesikhumba.)

I-Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

I-basal cell carcinomas ivame kakhulu ekhanda nasentanyeni. Ama-BCCs ngokuvamile abonakala njengesigaxa esivulekile noma esinombala wesikhumba, obomvu, noma kwesinye isikhathi umbala omnyama onomngcele oyiparele noma oguqukayo obonakala ugoqiwe. Ama-BCC angabonakala futhi njengesiqeshana esibomvu (esingahle silume noma silimaze), iqhubu elicwebezelayo, noma indawo enjenge-waxy, efana nesibazi.

Nakuba uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba oluvame ukuvela, akuvamile ukusakazeka ngale kwesizinda sokuqala. Esikhundleni sokuncibilika njenge-melanoma (ngaphezulu kwalokho okungezansi), i-basal cell carcinoma ihlasela izicubu ezizungezile, izenze zingabulali kakhulu, kodwa ikhulisa ithuba lokonakala, ngokusho kwe-U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). Ama-basal cell carcinomas ngokuvamile asuswa ngokuhlinzwa futhi awadingi ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, kusho uDkt King.

I-squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

Okulandelayo kulokhu kuqoqwa kwezithombe zomdlavuza wesikhumba: i-squamous cell carcinoma, uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ama-squamous cell carcinomas ajwayele ukubukeka njengamachashazi abomvu anombala obomvu noma anombala wesikhumba, izilonda ezivulekile, izinsumpa, noma ukukhula okuphakeme okunokucindezeleka okuphakathi futhi kungahle kuqhume noma kuphume igazi.

Kuzodingeka futhi zikhishwe ngokuhlinzwa, kodwa ziyingozi kakhulu ngoba zingasakazekela kuma-lymph node futhi zibe nenani lokufa cishe kwamaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwayi-10 e-United States, kusho uDkt. (BTW, bewazi ukuthi ukudla ama-citrus kungakhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba?)

I-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Uthande noma uzonde, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ama-moles akho abukeka kanjani nokuthi aguquke kanjani ngoba umdlavuza wesikhumba we-melanoma uvame ukuvela kumaseli emvukuzane.Nakuba ingeyona evame kakhulu, i-melanoma iwuhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Lapho itholwa futhi yelashwa kusenesikhathi, i-melanoma iyelapheka, nokho, ingasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba futhi ibulale uma ingelashwa. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuyekeza lezi zithombe zomdlavuza wesikhumba futhi wazi ukuthi umdlavuza wesikhumba ubukeka kanjani.

I-American Cancer Society ilinganisela ukuthi ngo-2020, zingaba ngu-100 350 amacala amasha we-melanoma azotholakala — angama-60,190 kwabesilisa nangu-40 160 kwabesifazane. Ngokungafani nomdlavuza wesikhumba ongelona i-melanoma, iphethini yokuchayeka elangeni okukholelwa ukuthi iphumela kwi-melanoma ngeyokuchayeka okufishane, okunamandla — ngokwesibonelo ukushiswa yilanga okushisayo, kunokuba kube iminyaka yokushiswa, kusho uDkt. King.

Kubukeka kanjani: Ngokuvamile iMelanomas ibonakala njengesilonda esimnyama esinemingcele engajwayelekile, kusho uDkt Crutchfield. Kukhuluma udokotela okhulumayo, i-lesion yinoma yiluphi ushintsho olungavamile kwezicubu zesikhumba, njengemvukuzane. Ukwazi isisekelo sesikhumba sakho kuyisihluthulelo ukuze ukwazi ukubona noma yiziphi izinsumpa ezintsha noma izinguquko kuma-moles akhona noma ama-freckles. (Okuhlobene: Indlela Olunye Uhambo Lokuya Kwezesikhumba Elisindise Isikhumba Sami)

Ayini ama-ABCDE ama-moles?

Izithombe zomdlavuza wesikhumba ziyasiza, kepha le yindlela yokuzama futhi eyiqiniso yokuphendula, "ubukeka kanjani umdlavuza wesikhumba?" Indlela yokuhlonza izinsumpa ezinomdlavuza ibizwa ngokuthi "uphawu olubi lwedada" ngoba ufuna okungajwayelekile; imvukuzane enobukhulu ohlukile, ukuma, noma umbala ohlukile kunezimvukuzane ezizungezile. Ama-ABCDE's ama-moles azokufundisa ukuthi ungawubona kanjani umdlavuza wesikhumba, amadada amabi uma uthanda. (Ungavakashela iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Academy of Dermatology ukuthola eminye imifanekiso yokuthi ungazibona kanjani izinsumpa ezisolisayo.)

A-Asymmetry: Uma ukwazi "ukugoqa" imvukuzane ngesigamu, izinhlangothi zombili zento engavamile ngeke zihambisane ngokulinganayo.

B - Ukungahambi kahle komngcele: Ukungahambi kahle komngcele yilapho imvukuzane inonqenqema olugwegwile esikhundleni sokuba nonqenqema oluyindilinga, olubushelelezi.

C - Ukuhluka kombala: Amanye ama-moles amnyama, amanye alula, amanye ansundu, kanti amanye anombala obomvana kodwa wonke ama-moles kufanele abe nombala ofanayo kuwo wonke. Indandatho emnyama noma ama-splotches anemibala ehlukene (nsundu, onsundu, amhlophe, abomvu, noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka imbala) emvukuzaneni kufanele iqashwe.

D - Ububanzi: Imvukuzane akufanele ibe nkulu kuno-6 mm. Imvukuzane engaphezu kuka-6 mm, noma eyodwa ekhulayo, kufanele ihlolwe yi-derm.

E - Ukuvela: Imvukuzane noma isilonda sesikhumba esibukeka sihlukile kwezinye noma esishintshayo ngosayizi, umumo, noma umbala.

Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zomdlavuza wesikhumba?

Izilonda zesikhumba nezimvukuzane ezincinza, ezopha, noma ezingapholi nazo zingenzeka kube yizimpawu ze-alamu zomdlavuza wesikhumba. Uma ubona ukuthi isikhumba siyopha (ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi usebenzisa indwangu yokuwasha eshaweni) futhi singazipholi ngokwaso phakathi namasonto amathathu, hamba uyobona udokotela wakho wesikhumba, kusho uDkt. Crutchfield.

Kufanele uwuhlole kangaki umdlavuza wesikhumba?

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba minyaka yonke kunconywa njengendlela yokuvimbela, kusho uDkt. Crutchfield. Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwekhanda kuya ezinzwaneni, bangakwazi futhi ukuthatha izithombe zanoma yimaphi ama-moles asolisayo. (Okuhlobene: Kungani Kufanele Uhlolwe Umdlavuza Wesikhumba Ekupheleni Kwehlobo)

Kunconywa ukuhlola isikhumba nyangazonke ekhaya ukuhlola izilonda ezintsha noma ukuqapha noma yiziphi izinguquko kuma-moles a-atypical. Hlolisisa isikhumba ngokuma unqunu phambi kwesibuko esigcwele, egumbini elinokukhanya okuhle, ubambe isibuko ngesandla, kusho uDkt King. (Ungaphuthelwa izindawo ezikhohliwe njengesikhumba sakho sekhanda, phakathi kwezinzwane zakho, nemibhede yezinzipho). Thola umngane noma uzakwethu ukuze ahlole kanzima ukuze abone izindawo ezifana nomhlane wakho.

Okubalulekile: Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza wesikhumba, ngamunye ongabukeka ngendlela ehlukile kumuntu—ngakho hamba uyobona udokotela wakho uma ubona noma imaphi amamaki esikhumbeni sakho amasha noma ashintshayo noma akhathazayo. (Nakhu ukuthi udinga kaningi kangakanani ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba.)

Uma kuziwa ekubuyekezeni izithombe zomdlavuza wesikhumba nokuhlonza u-C omkhulu, iseluleko esingcono kakhulu sikaDkt. Crutchfield sithi "bona indawo, bheka ushintsho lwamabala, bonana nodokotela wesikhumba."

Buyekeza kwe-