Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngamagciwane Nokusakazeka Kwezifo

-Delile

• Yini amagciwane?
• Izinhlobo ze-Pathogen
• Amagciwane
• Amagciwane
• Isikhunta
• Izimuncagazi
• Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane
• Amagciwane
• Amagciwane
• Isikhunta
• Izimuncagazi
• Ukuvikela ukulwa namagciwane
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Yini amagciwane?

I-pathogen yisidalwa esidala izifo.

Umzimba wakho ngokwemvelo ugcwele amagciwane. Kodwa-ke, lawa magciwane abanga inkinga kuphela uma amasosha akho omzimba ebuthakathaka noma uma ekwazi ukungena engxenyeni evamile eyinyumba yomzimba wakho.

Amagciwane ahlukile futhi angadala izifo lapho engena emzimbeni.

Yonke i-pathogen idinga ukuchuma futhi iphile ingumbungazi. Lapho nje i-pathogen isizibeke emzimbeni womgcini, ikwazi ukugwema izimpendulo zomzimba zomzimba futhi isebenzise izinsiza zomzimba ukuziphindaphinda ngaphambi kokuphuma nokusabalalisa kumbungazi omusha.

Amagciwane angadluliselwa ngezindlela ezimbalwa ngokuya ngohlobo. Zingasakazwa ngokuxhumana kwesikhumba, uketshezi lomzimba, izinhlayiya ezisemoyeni, ukuthintana nendle, nokuthinta indawo ethintwe umuntu onalesi sifo.

Izinhlobo ze-Pathogen

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamagciwane, kepha sizogxila ezinhlotsheni ezine ezivame kakhulu: amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta nezinambuzane.

Amagciwane

Amagciwane akhiwa ucezu lwekhodi yofuzo, njenge-DNA noma i-RNA, futhi avikelwe ngengubo yamaprotheni. Uma usuthelelekile, amagciwane ahlasela amangqamuzana okusingathwa emzimbeni wakho. Bese basebenzisa izingxenye zeseli elibamba ukuziphindaphinda, bakhiqize amagciwane amaningi.

Ngemuva kokuthi umjikelezo wokuphindaphindeka usuphelile, la magciwane amasha akhishwa kuseli lesikhungo. Lokhu kuvame ukulimaza noma ukucekela phansi amaseli athelelekile.

Amanye amagciwane angahlala alele isikhashana ngaphambi kokuphindaphindeka futhi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umuntu ubonakala eseluleme ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane, kodwa aphinde agule.

Ama-antibiotic awabulali amagciwane ngakho-ke awasebenzi njengokwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Imithi yama-antiviral kwesinye isikhathi ingasetshenziswa, kuya ngegciwane.

Amagciwane

Amagciwane yizilwanyana ezincane ezenziwe ngeseli elilodwa. Zihlukahlukene kakhulu, zinezinhlobonhlobo zezimo nezici, futhi zinamandla okuhlala cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo, kufaka phakathi nasemzimbeni wakho. Akuwona wonke amabhaktheriya abangela izifo. Lokho okungabizwa ngamagciwane we-pathogenic.

Umzimba wakho ungasondelana kalula nokutheleleka kwamagciwane lapho amasosha akho omzimba ehlaselwa yigciwane. Isimo sesifo esidalwa yigciwane senza amabhaktheriya ajwayelekile angenabungozi ukuba abe yi-pathogenic.

Ama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwamagciwane. Ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane sezimelana nemithi elwa namagciwane, okwenza kube nzima ukwelashwa. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokwemvelo, kodwa futhi kwenzeka ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngokweqile ama-antibiotic, ngokusho kwe-.

Isikhunta

Kunezigidi zezinhlobo ezahlukene zefungal eMhlabeni. Ukuthi nje noma kunjalo kuyaziwa ukuthi kubanga ukugula. Isikhunta sitholakala cishe yonke indawo emvelweni, kufaka phakathi endlini, ngaphandle, nasesikhunjeni somuntu. Zibangela ukutheleleka lapho zikhula ngokweqile.

Amaseli wesikhunta aqukethe i-nucleus nezinye izinto ezivikelwe ulwelwesi nodonga lweseli olujiyile. Isakhiwo sabo singenza kube nzima ukubulala.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezintsha zezifo zokukhunta zibonakala ziyingozi kakhulu, njengeCandida aurus, futhi sezenze ucwaningo oluningi ngezifo zefungal.

Izimuncagazi

Ama-parasites yizinto eziphilayo eziziphatha njengezilwane ezincane, ezihlala ngaphakathi noma ezisemhlanganweni futhi zidla kusuka noma ngokukhokhela umphathi. Yize ukutheleleka ngezinambuzane kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele, kungenzeka noma kuphi.

Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-parasites zingadala izifo kubantu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• i-protozoa, okuyizinto ezineseli elilodwa ezingaphila ziphindaphindeke emzimbeni wakho
• i-helminths, ezinkudlwana, izinto ezinamangqamuzana amaningi ezingaphila ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle komzimba wakho futhi ezaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi izibungu
• ama-ectoparasites, okuyizinto eziphilayo ezinamaseli amaningi ezihlala noma ezondla isikhumba sakho, kufaka phakathi izinambuzane ezithile, njengemikhaza nomiyane

Zingasakazwa ngezindlela eziningana, kufaka phakathi inhlabathi engcolisiwe, amanzi, ukudla, negazi, nangokuxhumana ngocansi nangokulunywa yizinambuzane.

Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Ama-pathogen angadala izifo eziningi ezahlukahluka ebukhali nokuthi zidluliswa kanjani. Ake sibheke ezinye zezifo ezibangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane

Amagciwane

Amagciwane angadala izifo eziningi, eziningi zazo ezithathelwanayo. Izibonelo zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zifaka:

• umkhuhlane ovamile
• umkhuhlane
• meningitis
• izinsumpa, kufaka phakathi izinsumpa zangasese
• i-herpes yomlomo neyangasese
• inkukhu / isikhukhukazi
• isimungumungwane
• i-gastroenteritis yegciwane, kufaka phakathi i-norovirus ne-rotavirus
• i-hepatitis A, B, C, D, E
• i-yellow fever
• umkhuhlane wodenga
• I-HIV ne-AIDS

Amagciwane

Nazi izibonelo zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane:

• strep umphimbo
• ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract (UTI)
• i-gastroenteritis yebhaktheriya, efana ne-salmonella poisoning yokudla noma ukutheleleka kwe- E. coli
• meningitis yebhaktheriya
• Isifo seLyme
• isifo sofuba
• gonorrhea
• i-cellulitis

Isikhunta

Ezinye izibonelo zezifo ezivamile zefungal yilezi:

• imvubelo yesitho sangasese sowesifazane izifo
• i-thrush
• umbungu
• unyawo lomsubathi
• jock ukulunywa
• ukutheleleka kwe-nail fungal (onychomycosis)

Izimuncagazi

Ezinye izibonelo zezifo ezibangelwa izimuncagazi zifaka:

• giardiasis
• trichomoniasis
• umalaleveva
• toxoplasmosis
• izibungu zamathumbu
• izintwala zasesidlangalaleni

Ukuvikela ukulwa namagciwane

Lokhu okulandelayo izindlela ongazivikela ngazo kanye nabanye kuma-pathogen.

• Geza izandla zakho njalo.
• Goma futhi uqinisekise ukuthi imijovo yokugoma isesikhathini.
• Lungisa, upheke futhi ugcine inyama nokunye ukudla ngendlela efanele.
• Hlala ekhaya lapho ugula, ikakhulukazi uma unomkhuhlane noma uhudo, noma uhlanza.
• Ungabelani ngezinto zomuntu siqu, ezifana nezinsingo noma amabhulashi amazinyo.
• Ungabelani ngezibuko zokuphuza noma izitsha.
• Vikela ukulunywa yizinambuzane.
• Zijwayeze ukwenza ucansi oluphephile.
• Ukuhamba ngokuhlakanipha ngokwaziswa ngezingozi zezempilo nokugoma okukhethekile.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ama-Pathogens anamandla okusigulisa, kepha uma ephilile, imizimba yethu ingazivikela kuma-pathogen kanye nezifo ezibangelwa yizo.

Ukwelashwa kuyatholakala ezigulini eziningi ezibangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane. Kukhona nokukhululeka kwezimpawu kulabo abangenakwelashwa, njengokungenwa yizifo ezithile ezibangelwa amagciwane.