Iyini i-BPA futhi Kungani Kukubi Kuwe?

-Delile

• Iyini i-BPA?
• Yimiphi Imikhiqizo Equkethe?
• Ungena Kanjani Emzimbeni Wakho?
• Ingabe Kubi Kuwe?
• Izindlela zebhayoloji ze-BPA
• Impikiswano yeBPA
• Kungadala Ukungazali Kwabesilisa Nabesifazane
• Imiphumela Emibi Ezinganeni
• Kuxhunyaniswe nezifo zenhliziyo nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela
• Kwangathi Kungakhuphula Ingozi Yakho Yokukhuluphala
• Kungadala Ezinye Izinkinga Zezempilo
• Ungakunciphisa Kanjani Ukuvezwa Kwakho
• Okusemqoka

I-BPA yikhemikhali yezimboni engangena ekudleni naseziphuzweni zakho.

Abanye ochwepheshe bathi inobuthi futhi abantu kufanele benze umzamo wokuwugwema.

Kodwa ungazibuza ukuthi ingabe kuyingozi kangako yini lokho.

Lo mbhalo uhlinzeka ngokubuyekezwa okuningiliziwe kwe-BPA nemiphumela yayo yezempilo.

Iyini i-BPA?

I-BPA (bisphenol A) yikhemikhali elengezwa kwimikhiqizo eminingi yezentengiso, kufaka phakathi iziqukathi zokudla nemikhiqizo yenhlanzeko.

Yatholwa okokuqala ngawo-1890, kepha osokhemisi ngawo-1950 babona ukuthi ingaxubeka namanye amakhompiyutha ukukhiqiza amapulasitiki aqinile futhi aqinisayo.

Kulezi zinsuku, amapulasitiki aqukethe i-BPA asetshenziswa kakhulu ezitsheni zokudla, emabhodleleni ezingane, nakwezinye izinto.

I-BPA iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwenza izinhlaka ze-epoxy, ezisatshalaliswa ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lweziqukathi zokudla ezisemathinini ukuze insimbi ingaboli futhi yephule.

I-BPA iyinhlanganisela yokwenziwa etholakala kuplastikhi abaningi, kanye nasolayini wezitsha zokudla ezisemathinini.

Yimiphi Imikhiqizo Equkethe?

Imikhiqizo ejwayelekile engaqukatha i-BPA ifaka phakathi:

• Izinto ezihlanganiswe ezitsheni zepulasitiki
• Ukudla okusemathinini
• Izindlu zangasese
• Imikhiqizo yenhlanzeko yabesifazane
• Amarisidi ephrinta we-Thermal
• Ama-CD nama-DVD
• Imishini yasendlini
• Ama-lens e-eyeglass
• Imishini yezemidlalo
• Ama-sealants okugcwalisa amazinyo

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi imikhiqizo eminingi engena-BPA ifake nje i-BPA esikhundleni se-bisphenol-S (BPS) noma i-bisphenol-F (BPF).

Kodwa-ke, noma ukugxila okuncane kwe-BPS ne-BPF kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwamaseli akho ngendlela efana neBPA. Ngakho-ke, amabhodlela amahhala we-BPA kungenzeka angabi yisixazululo esanele ().

Izinto zepulasitiki ezinelebula ezinenombolo ezi-3 no-7 ezibuye zisetshenziswe noma izinhlamvu “PC” kungenzeka ziqukethe i-BPA, BPS, noma i-BPF.

I-BPA nezinye izindlela zayo - i-BPS ne-BPF - kungatholakala emikhiqizweni eminingi esetshenziswa kakhulu, evame ukubhalwa ngamakhodi okusebenzisa kabusha 3 noma 7 noma izinhlamvu "PC."

Ungena Kanjani Emzimbeni Wakho?

Umthombo oyinhloko wokuchayeka kwe-BPA ngukudla kwakho ().

Lapho kwenziwa iziqukathi ze-BPA, akuyona yonke i-BPA evalwa uphawu kulo mkhiqizo. Lokhu kuvumela ingxenye yaso ukuthi igqashule futhi ihlangane nokuqukethwe esitsheni uma kufakwa ukudla noma uketshezi (,).

Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwakamuva luthole ukuthi amazinga e-BPA emchameni anciphe ngo-66% kulandela izinsuku ezintathu lapho ababambiqhaza begwema ukudla okuhlanganisiwe ().

Esinye isifundo abantu babedla isobho elilodwa elisanda kuhlanzwa noma elisemathinini nsuku zonke izinsuku ezinhlanu. Amazinga we-Urine we-BPA ayephakeme nge-1,221% kulabo abadla isobho elisemathinini ().

Ngokwengeziwe, i-WHO ibike ukuthi amazinga e-BPA ezinganeni ezincela ibele aphansi izikhathi eziphindwe kasishiyagalombili kunalawo ezinganeni ezondla ifomula liketshezi elivela emabhodleleni aqukethe i-BPA ().

Ukudla kwakho - ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisiwe nokudla okusemathinini - kungumthombo omkhulu weBPA. Izingane ezondla ifomula emabhodleleni aqukethe i-BPA nazo zinamazinga aphezulu emizimbeni yazo.

Ingabe Kubi Kuwe?

Ochwepheshe abaningi bathi i-BPA iyingozi - kepha abanye abavumi.

Lesi sigaba sichaza okwenziwa yi-BPA emzimbeni nokuthi kungani imiphumela yayo yezempilo ihlala ingundabuzekwayo.

Izindlela zebhayoloji ze-BPA

I-BPA kuthiwa ilingisa ukwakheka nokusebenza kwe-hormone estrogen ().

Ngenxa yesimo sayo esifana ne-estrogen, i-BPA ingabopha kuma-estrogen receptors futhi ithonye izinqubo zomzimba, njengokukhula, ukulungiswa kweseli, ukukhula kwengane, amazinga wamandla nokuzala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-BPA ingahle ihlanganyele namanye ama-hormone receptors, njengalawo wegilo lakho, ngaleyo ndlela iguqule ukusebenza kwawo ().

Umzimba wakho uzwela ekushintsheni kwamazinga ama-hormone, okuyisizathu esenza ukuthi ikhono le-BPA lokulingisa i-estrogen kukholakala ukuthi lithinta impilo yakho.

Impikiswano yeBPA

Njengoba kunikezwe imininingwane engenhla, abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi ngabe iBPA kufanele ivinjelwe.

Ukusetshenziswa kwayo sekuvele kunqunyelwe e-EU, Canada, China naseMalaysia - ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni yezingane nezingane ezisencane.

Ezinye izifundazwe zase-US zilandele okufanayo, kepha ayikho imithethonqubo yenhlangano esunguliwe.

Ngo-2014, i-FDA yakhipha umbiko wayo wakamuva, owaqinisekisa umkhawulo wokuqala wokuvezwa kwansuku zonke wama-1980 we-23 mcg ngekhilogremu ngalinye lesisindo somzimba (50 mcg ngekg ngayinye) futhi yaphetha ngokuthi i-BPA mhlawumbe iphephile kumazinga avunyelwe njengamanje ().

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo kumagundane lukhombisa imiphumela engemihle ye-BPA emazingeni aphansi kakhulu - okuncane okungu-4.5 mcg ngekhilogremu (10 mcg ngekg) nsuku zonke.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucwaninga ngezinkawu kukhombisa ukuthi amazinga alingana nalawo alinganiswa njengamanje kubantu anemiphumela emibi ekukhiqizeni (,).

Ukubuyekezwa okukodwa kuveze ukuthi zonke izifundo ezixhaswe yimboni azitholanga imiphumela yokuvezwa yi-BPA, kuyilapho ama-92% ezifundo ezingakhokhelwa imboni zithole imiphumela emibi ().

I-BPA inesakhiwo esifanayo ne-hormone estrogen. Kungabopha kuma-estrogen receptors, kuthinte imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba.

Kungadala Ukungazali Kwabesilisa Nabesifazane

I-BPA ingathinta izici ezithile zokuzala kwakho.

Ucwaningo oluthile lwabona ukuthi abesifazane abaphuphunyelwa yizisu kaningi baneBPA ephindwe cishe kathathu egazini labo njengabesifazane abakhulelwe ngempumelelo ().

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwabesifazane abathola ukwelashwa kokuzala lubonise ukuthi labo abanamazinga aphezulu we-BPA banomkhiqizo weqanda ophansi ngokulingana futhi banamathuba aphindwe kabili okukhulelwa (,).

Phakathi kwemibhangqwana ethola ukukhuleliswa kwe-in vitro (IVF), amadoda anamazinga aphakeme kakhulu e-BPA ayenamathuba angama-30-46% okukhiqiza imibungu esezingeni eliphansi ().

Ucwaningo olwehlukile luthole ukuthi amadoda anamazinga aphezulu we-BPA ayenamathuba ama-3-4 okuba nokuhlushwa kwesidoda esiphansi nokubalwa kwesidoda okuphansi ().

Ngokwengeziwe, abesilisa abasebenza ezinkampanini zokukhiqiza ze-BPA e-China babike izikhathi ezingama-4.5 ubunzima be-erectile nokwaneliseka okuncane kakhulu kwezocansi kunamanye amadoda ().

Yize imiphumela enjalo iphawuleka, ukubuyekezwa okuningana kwakamuva kuyavuma ukuthi izifundo eziningi ziyadingeka ukuqinisa umzimba wobufakazi (,,,).

Ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisa ukuthi i-BPA ingathinta kabi izici eziningi zokuzala kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

Imiphumela Emibi Ezinganeni

Ucwaningo oluningi - kepha hhayi lonke - luye lwabona ukuthi izingane ezizalwe ngomama ezivezwe yi-BPA emsebenzini zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-0.5 wamakhilogremu (0.2 kg) ngaphansi lapho zizalwa, ngokwesilinganiso, kunezingane zomama abangaveziwe (,,).

Izingane ezizalwe ngabazali abadalulwe yi-BPA nazo bezijwayele ukuba nebanga elifushane ukusuka endunu kuya esithweni sangasese, okubuye kukhombe imiphumela ye-BPA yamahomoni ngesikhathi sokukhula ().

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ezizalwa ngomama abanamazinga aphezulu e-BPA zazingasebenzi kahle, zikhathazekile futhi zicindezelekile. Baphinde babonisa ukuphindaphinda okungokomzwelo okuphindwe kaningi okungu-1.5 kanye nobudlova obuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1.1 (,,).

Ekugcineni, ukuvezwa kwe-BPA ngesikhathi sokuphila kwasekuqaleni futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi kuthonya ukukhula kwendlala yesisu kanye nezicubu zesifuba ngezindlela ezandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.

Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi kunezifundo ezanele zezilwane ukuxhasa lokhu, izifundo zabantu azipheleli (,,,, 33,).

Ukuvezwa kwe-BPA ngesikhathi sempilo yokuqala kungathinta isisindo sokuzalwa, ukukhula kwamahomoni, isimilo kanye nengozi yomdlavuza empilweni yakamuva.

Kuxhunyaniswe nezifo zenhliziyo nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela

Izifundo zabantu zibika ubungozi obukhulu obungu-27-135% bomfutho wegazi ophezulu kubantu abanezinga eliphezulu le-BPA (,).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo kubantu baseMelika abangu-1,455 luxhumanise amazinga aphezulu e-BPA ne-18-63% engcupheni enkulu yesifo senhliziyo kanye ne-21-60% engcupheni enkulu yesifo sikashukela ().

Kwesinye isifundo, amazinga aphezulu e-BPA axhunyaniswa nengozi ephezulu engu-68-130% yohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ().

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanamazinga aphakeme kakhulu e-BPA babenamathuba angama-37% okuthola ukumelana ne-insulin, umshayeli oyinhloko wesifo se-metabolic kanye nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela ().

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo azitholanga ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-BPA nalezi zifo (,,).

Amazinga aphezulu e-BPA ahlotshaniswa nobungozi obukhulayo besifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo senhliziyo.

Kwangathi Kungakhuphula Ingozi Yakho Yokukhuluphala

Abesifazane abakhuluphele kakhulu bangaba namazinga e-BPA angama-47% aphakeme kunalawo ozakwabo abanesisindo esijwayelekile ().

Izifundo eziningana ziphinde zibike ukuthi abantu abanamazinga aphakeme kakhulu e-BPA banamathuba angama-50-85% okuba abakhuluphele futhi ama-59% asethubeni elikhulu lokuba nomjikelezo okhalweni omkhulu - yize kungezona zonke izifundo ezivumayo (,,,,,,).

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amaphethini afanayo abonwe ezinganeni nasebusheni (,).

Yize ukuvezwa ngaphambi kokubeletha kwe-BPA kuxhunyaniswa nokwanda kwesisindo ezilwaneni, lokhu akuqinisekisiwe ngokuqinile kubantu (,).

Ukuvezwa kwe-BPA kuxhumene nengozi eyengeziwe yokukhuluphala nobukhulu besinqe. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka olunye ucwaningo.

Kungadala Ezinye Izinkinga Zezempilo

Ukuvezwa kwe-BPA nakho kungaxhunyaniswa nezinkinga ezilandelayo zezempilo:

• I-Polycystic ovary syndrome (i-PCOS): Amazinga e-BPA angaphakama ngama-46% kwabesifazane abane-PCOS, uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abangenayo i-PCOS ().
• Ukulethwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Abesifazane abanamazinga aphezulu e-BPA ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa babenamathuba angama-91% okuletha ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-37 ().
• Isifuba Somoya: Ukuchayeka okuphezulu kokubeletha kwe-BPA kuxhunyaniswa nengozi ephakeme engu-130% yokuphefumula ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Ukuvezwa kwengane isencane ku-BPA nakho kuxhunyaniswa nokuvuthwa kamuva ebuntwaneni (,).
• Umsebenzi wesibindi: Izinga eliphakeme le-BPA lixhunywe engozini ephezulu engama-29% yamazinga we-enzyme engavamile ().
• Umsebenzi we-immune: Amazinga e-BPA angafaka isandla ekusebenzeni komzimba omubi kakhulu ().
• Umsebenzi wegilo Amazinga aphezulu e-BPA axhumene namazinga angajwayelekile ama-hormone e-thyroid, akhombisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-thyroid (,,).
• Umsebenzi wobuchopho: Izinkawu eziluhlaza zase-Afrika ezivezwe emazingeni e-BPA abhekwe ephephile yi-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) zikhombise ukulahleka kokuxhumana phakathi kwamaseli obuchopho (59).

Ukuvezwa kwe-BPA kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nezinye izinkinga eziningana zezempilo, njengezinkinga zobuchopho, isibindi, i-thyroid nokusebenza komzimba. Ucwaningo oluningi luyadingeka ukuqinisekisa lokhu okutholakele.

Ungakunciphisa Kanjani Ukuvezwa Kwakho

Njengoba unikezwe yonke imiphumela emibi engaba khona, ungafisa ukugwema i-BPA.

Yize ukukuqeda ngokuphelele kungahle kungenzeki, kunezindlela ezithile ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho:

• Gwema ukudla okuhlanganisiwe: Yidla ukudla okusha, okuphelele. Hlala kude nokudla okusemathinini noma ukudla okufakwe ezitsheni zepulasitiki ezinelebula enezinombolo ezi-3 noma ezi-7 ezibuye zisetshenziswe noma izinhlamvu “PC.”
• Phuza emabhodleleni engilazi: Thenga iziphuzo ezingena ngamabhodlela engilazi esikhundleni samabhodlela epulasitiki noma amathini, bese usebenzisa amabhodlela ezingilazi ezingane esikhundleni samapulasitiki.
• Hlala kude nemikhiqizo ye-BPA: Kangangokunokwenzeka, nciphisa ukuxhumana kwakho namarisidi, ngoba lokhu aqukethe amazinga aphezulu we-BPA.
• Khetha ngamathoyizi: Qiniseka ukuthi amathoyizi epulasitiki owathengela izingane zakho akhiwe ngezinto ezingenayo i-BPA - ikakhulukazi amathoyizi izingane zakho ezincane kungenzeka zihlafune noma zimunce kuwo.
• Ungasebenzisi iplastiki ye-microwave: Imicrowave nokugcina ukudla engilazini kunepulasitiki.
• Thenga ufomula wosana oluyimpuphu: Abanye ochwepheshe batusa izimpushana phezu koketshezi oluvela ezitsheni ze-BPA, ngoba uketshezi kungenzeka lumunce i-BPA eningi esitsheni.

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezilula zokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kwe-BPA ekudleni kwakho nasemvelweni yakho.

Okusemqoka

Ngenxa yobufakazi, kungcono ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kwe-BPA kanye nobunye ubuthi bokudla obungaba khona.

Ikakhulu, abesifazane abakhulelwe bangazuza ngokugwema i-BPA - ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqala kokukhulelwa.

Ngokuqondene nabanye, ukuphuza ngezikhathi ezithile ebhodleleni lepulasitiki le- “PC” noma ukudla ekanini kungenzeka akusona isizathu sokwethuka.

Lokho kusho ukuthi ukushintshanisa iziqukathi zepulasitiki zezingena-BPA kudinga umzamo omncane kakhulu wokuthola umthelela omkhulu kwezempilo.

Uma uhlose ukudla okusha, ukudla okuphelele, uzokhawulela ngokuzenzakalela ukuvezwa kwakho kwe-BPA.