Okufanele Ubuze Udokotela Wakho Ngokuphatha Umdlavuza Wesisu Othuthukile

-Delile

• Yiziphi izivivinyo engizodinga?
• Uhlobo luni lokwelashwa oluzongisiza?
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ukuhlinzwa
• I-Immunotherapy
• Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza wesinye?
• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu esithuthukile?
• Zisebenza kangakanani izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wesinye?
• Ingabe umshwalense umboza ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu okuthuthukile?
• Ingabe ukwenza ushintsho endleleni yokuphila kungangisiza ngilawule umdlavuza wesisu osuthuthukile?
• Ukuthatha

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, abantu abalinganiselwa ku-81 400 e-United States bazotholakala benomdlavuza wesinye ngo-2020.

I-Urothelial carcinoma uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesinye. Lapho isakazeka ngaphesheya kwesinye, kungabizwa ngokuthi yi-metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC).

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wesisu okuthuthukile kungazizwa kukhungathekisa. Khumbula ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha ziyatholakala kuzo zonke izigaba zomdlavuza wesinye.

Izinketho zokwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu esithuthukile zingahluka kunalezo zomdlavuza osanda kuqala.

Uhlobo lwezokwelapha olutuswa udokotela wakho luzohluka futhi ngokuya ngokuthi umdlavuza ususebenze kanjani emzimbeni. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngezinketho zakho nodokotela wakho.

Nayi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho mayelana nokwelapha umdlavuza wesisu osuthuthukile.

Yiziphi izivivinyo engizodinga?

Uma udokotela wakho ekholelwa ukuthi umdlavuza usuthole ama-lymph node noma ezinye izitho zomzimba, kungenzeka batuse izivivinyo eziningana ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza nokuthola lapho usakazeka khona.

Lapho uqala ukutholakala, kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela wakho wenze noma wayala izivivinyo, kufaka phakathi:

• ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukubheka noma yiziphi izigaxa noma okunye okungahambi kahle
• isampula yokuhlolwa kokuchama, ukuhlola amaseli womdlavuza
• i-cystoscopy, ukubheka ngaphakathi kwe-urethra ngokungajwayelekile
• i-biopsy, ukususa ucezu lwesampula lesicubu esinyeni ukuhlola umdlavuza
• i-pyelogram efakwa emithanjeni, noma uhlobo lwe-X-ray ukusiza ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza utholakala kuphi

Lapho umdlavuza wesinye usakazeka, udokotela wakho angalawula izivivinyo ezengeziwe, njenge:

• ama-imaging scan, afana ne-CT scan, i-MRI scan, noma i-PET scan, ukukhomba indawo yamangqamuzana omdlavuza
• ukuskena amathambo, uma unezinhlungu ezihlangene ezingachazeki, ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele yini emathanjeni
• i-X-ray, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokuphefumula, ukubheka amangqamuzana omdlavuza emaphashini

Uhlobo luni lokwelashwa oluzongisiza?

Udokotela wakho uzoncoma uhlelo lokwelashwa olususelwa esigabeni somdlavuza. Umdlavuza wesisu osithuthukile noma we-metastatic unezinketho zokwelashwa ezimbalwa kunezigaba zangaphambili zomdlavuza wesinye. Izinketho zakho zingafaka:

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Ukwelashwa komugqa wokuqala komdlavuza wesisu osezingeni eliphakeme yi-chemotherapy drug cisplatin, engasiza ukumisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi angakhiqizi kabusha.

Udokotela wakho angancoma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali eyedwa noma ngokuhambisana nokuhlinzwa noma imisebe. I-Chemotherapy ingabulala amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi inciphise izicubu, kwenze kube lula ukususa umdlavuza ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ngokuya ngobukhulu besifo somdlavuza, ngemuva kokuqeda i-chemotherapy, udokotela wakho angancoma inqubo yokuhlinza ebizwa nge-cystectomy ukususa konke noma ingxenye yesinye.

Ku-cystectomy, ngemuva kokususwa kwesinye, udokotela ohlinzayo uzokwenza enye inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuphambukiswa komchamo. Bazokwakha inqolobane ngaphakathi emzimbeni ukuqoqa umchamo bese bakhe ithubhu entsha ukuze umchamo uphume emzimbeni.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho angancoma i-chemotherapy eyengeziwe ukuze asuse noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele.

I-Immunotherapy

Kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokuhlinzwa, umdlavuza wesisu othuthukile ungaphendula ekwelashweni komzimba. Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha lusebenzisa amasosha akho omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo

Ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kungakunika ukufinyelela kuzindlela zokwelashwa ezintsha zokuhlola. Kodwa-ke, izivivinyo zomtholampilo nazo zinezingozi. Ukwelashwa kokuhlola kungaba nemiphumela emibi engaziwa, futhi kungahle kungasebenzi.

Uma unentshisekelo yokufunda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo, cela udokotela wakho. Bangakhuluma nawe mayelana nokuthi ungahle ube yilunga elifanele yini. Bangaba nemininingwane yokuthi ungafinyelela kanjani ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo ngesimo sakho.

Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza wesinye?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesinye kunezinzuzo ezibalulekile, kufaka phakathi ukwelula impilo nokwenza ngcono impilo yakho.

Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kunemiphumela engemihle. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela imiphumela emibi futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuyilawula.

I-Chemotherapy ayibulali nje amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Iphinde ibulale amaseli aphilile. Ngenxa yalokho, imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ye-chemotherapy ifaka:

• ukulahleka kwezinwele
• ingozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka
• i-anemia
• isicanucanu
• ukuqunjelwa
• ukukhathala

Ukuhlinzwa kuza nezingozi ezithile, njengokutheleleka nokulahleka kwegazi.

I-Immunotherapy ingaba nemiphumela emibi eminingi, kuya ngohlobo lwe-immunotherapy esetshenzisiwe. Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ifaka phakathi:

• ukuvuvukala
• ukulunywa
• ukuqubuka
• ubuhlungu

Abanye abantu baphinde bahlakulele izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane nge-immunotherapy.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu esithuthukile?

Izinketho zokwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu esithuthukile ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu. Ubude bokwelashwa buxhomeke emigomweni yokwelashwa isiyonke.

Ngokuvamile, abantu abaningi abanomdlavuza wesisu esithuthukile bathola i-chemotherapy izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezi-12, kuya ngokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukunciphisa amaseli womdlavuza.

Ubude besikhathi se-immunotherapy futhi buyahlukahluka kuya ngesigaba somdlavuza nokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani ekwelashweni.

Isibonelo, ungathola ukwelashwa nsuku zonke amaviki amabili noma amathathu bese uthatha isikhathi sokuphumula ngaphambi kokuqala kabusha ukwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kungandisa impilo kubantu abaphila nomdlavuza wesisu osuthuthukile. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo sivame ukuthuthuka.

Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi uqhubeke nokuthola ukwelashwa ukuze uthuthukise impilo yakho.

Njengoba umdlavuza uqhubeka, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukunakekelwa okunciphisayo. Ungaqhubeka nokwelashwa komdlavuza kanti futhi uthola ukunakekelwa okunciphisayo, kuphawula i-Bladder Care Advocacy Network (BCAN).

Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative kuhloswe ukubhekana nezici zomzimba, ezingokomzwelo nezenhlalo zalesi simo.

Ingaphatha izimpawu ezithile zomzimba, ezifana nesicanucanu nokukhathala. Kungasiza futhi ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yakho yonke yempilo futhi kukusize ulawule ukucindezeleka okuhlobene nesimo.

Zisebenza kangakanani izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wesinye?

Okwamanje alikho ikhambi lomdlavuza wesisu wesinye. Ngomdlavuza wesinye osakazeka ezindaweni ezikude zomzimba, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lingamaphesenti ama-5, ngokusho kweNational Cancer Institute.

Izinhloso zokwelashwa kulesi sigaba imvamisa uku:

• kubambezele ukusabalala komdlavuza
• nciphisa usayizi wezindawo ezithintekile
• landisa impilo yakho isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka
• kukwenze ukhululeke

Ingabe umshwalense umboza ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu okuthuthukile?

Ngokuvamile, izinhlelo zomshuwalense wezempilo zihlanganisa ukwelashwa komdlavuza, kepha kungenzeka kungakhokhi izindleko zonke. Izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zingahlanganisa amanani ahlukene, kanti ezinye zingahle zingazimbozi izinhlobo ezithile zokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi izindlela zokwelapha zokuhlola.

Isibonelo, inqubomgomo yakho yomshuwalense wezempilo izokhokha izindleko ze:

• ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• imisebe
• ukuhlinzwa

Ungase ube nemali ebanjwayo, okuyimali oyikhokha uphuma ephaketheni ngaphambi kokuthi umshwalense wakho umbole umthethosivivinywa.

Eminye imigomo yomshwalense ayihlanganisi i-immunotherapy.

Ukuze uthole lolu hlobo lokwelashwa, umhlinzeki wakho womshuwalense kungadingeka ukuthi avume le ndlela yokwelashwa. Khuluma nenkampani yakho yomshuwalense wezempilo ukuze uqonde kangcono ukumbozwa kwakho okuthile.

Uma ubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo, inkampani yakho yomshuwalense kungenzeka ihlanganise izinto ezinjengokuvakasha kodokotela ojwayelekile.

Icala ngokwalo livame ukukhokha izindleko zokwelashwa kokuhlola, noma yikuphi ukuvakashelwa kodokotela okwengeziwe, noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okudinga ukwenziwa njengengxenye yocwaningo.

Ingabe ukwenza ushintsho endleleni yokuphila kungangisiza ngilawule umdlavuza wesisu osuthuthukile?

Ngokuhambisana nokulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa, izinguquko ezithile zendlela yokuphila zingenza ukuhlala nomdlavuza wesisu osezingeni eliphakeme kube lula kancane. Noma unamandla alinganiselwe namandla, kunezinto ezithile ongazenza ukuze uzizwe ungcono.

Isibonelo, ukudla ukudla okunempilo, okunomsoco kungakusiza ugcine amandla akho omzimba futhi kukhulise amasosha akho omzimba.

Amasosha omzimba aqinile angasiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nezifo, okubaluleke kakhulu ngenkathi uselashwa.

Abanye abantu bathola izithako zokudla zilusizo ngenkathi bethola ukwelashwa komdlavuza. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha izithako zokudla.

Ukuhlala usebenza ngokomzimba kubalulekile. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungasiza:

• thuthukisa umbono wakho wengqondo
• thuthukisa ikhwalithi yokulala kwakho
• khuphula izinga lamandla akho

Uma ubhema, futhi ungakenzi kanjalo, kufanele futhi uyeke ukubhema. Amakhemikhali atholakala kuwo womabili usikilidi nentuthu kagwayi anganqwabelana emchameni wakho bese edala umonakalo omkhulu esinyeni sakho.

Ukuthatha

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wesisu osezingeni eliphakeme kungasethusa.

Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kungasiza:

• nciphisa izicubu
• yandisa impilo yakho
• thuthukisa impilo yakho

Kubalulekile ukusebenza nodokotela wakho futhi nixoxe ngezinketho zakho. Qiniseka ukuthi uyayiqonda imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngakunye, nokuthi yini ongayilindela ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa.