Amagama Awu-45 Okufanele Uwazi: I-HIV / AIDS

-Delile

• I-HIV-1
• Ukudlanga
• Ingculaza
• I-PrEP
• I-Concordant
• Ukungalandeli
• I-Seronegative
• I-AIDS cocktail
• Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
• UBuciko
• Ukucwaswa
• Isibalo se-CD4
• Hlola
• Yazi isimo sakho
• Okungamanga okungamanga
• I-Serosorting
• I-Seropositive
• Ukwenza icala kwe-HIV
• Ukuguqulwa kweseroconversion
• Ucansi oluphephile
• Elisa
• Amamedi
• Ukumelana okudlulisiwe
• Umcimbi Ombi
• Ukungashadi
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Western blot test
• I-Asymptomatic
• Ukuphila ne-HIV
• Umthwalo wegciwane
• Imishanguzo yegciwane lengculaza
• Akutholakali
• Igethivu yamanga
• I-MSM
• I-Serodiscordant
• Isimo esihlanganisiwe
• Ukunciphisa ubungozi
• I-HIV-2
• I-HIV ayithathi hlangothi
• Ubushoshovu
• Ukunamathela
• Uhlobo
• Iseli le-T
• Impilo ende
• Ukunikezwa amandla
• Owasinda isikhathi eside

Isingeniso

Uma wena noma othandekayo utholakale une-HIV muva nje, ngokungangabazeki unemibuzo eminingi ngokuthi lesi simo sisho ukuthini kuwe nekusasa lakho.

Enye yezinselelo zokuxilongwa nge-HIV ukuzulazula kusethi entsha sha yama-akhronimi, isitsotsi, namagama. Ungakhathazeki: silapha ukuzosiza. Hambisa phezulu kwamagama nokusetshenziswa okuvame ukusetshenziswa okungu-45 ukubona ukuthi asho ukuthini, futhi uthole ukuqonda okungcono ngesimo.

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I-HIV-1

I-retrovirus edala amacala amaningi engculaza emhlabeni jikelele.

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Ukudlanga

Iphesenti labantu abangenwe ukutheleleka okuthile-kulokhu, i-HIV.

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Ingculaza

Imela "i-immune immunodeficiency syndrome," isimo esiholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kumasosha omzimba. Kubangelwa ukutheleleka nge-HIV.

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I-PrEP

I- “PrEP” imele i- “pre-exposure prophylaxis,” isu lokusebenzisa imishanguzo yama-ARV (kufaka phakathi izindandatho, ijeli, noma iphilisi) ukuvikela ukutheleleka nge-HIV.

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I-Concordant

Kushiwo izithandani lapho bobabili abalingani bane-HIV.

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Ukungalandeli

Hhayi ukunamathela ohlotsheni olunqunyiwe lwemithi. Okuphambene "nokubambelela." Ukungalandelwa komthetho kungenza ukuthi ukwelashwa kungasebenzi kakhulu.

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I-Seronegative

Ukuhlolela kabi ukutholakala kwama-antibodies e-HIV.

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I-AIDS cocktail

Inhlanganisela yokwelashwa kwe-HIV eyaziwa njenge-antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

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Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo

Imiphumela imithi yokwelashwa enayo emzimbeni, kusuka esikhathini esifushane futhi engabonakali kangako kuya esikhathini eside, engahloselwe ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo futhi ngokuvamile ayimnandi.

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UBuciko

Kumi “ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane,” okuwukusetshenziswa kwemishanguzo yokuvimbela i-HIV ukuthi ingaqhubeki.

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Ukucwaswa

Ubandlululo nokubandlulula okuhloswe ngakho kubantu abane-HIV noma i-AIDS.

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Isibalo se-CD4

Amaseli e-CD4 (awaziwa nangokuthi ama-T-cell) enza kusebenze amasosha omzimba, avumela umzimba ukuthi ulwe nezifo. Ukugcina inani lamaseli e-CD4 (isibalo sakho se-CD4) ebangeni olifunayo yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelashwa kwe-HIV.

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Hlola

Isikhuthazo kubantu abaya ocansini ukuthi bahlolwe i-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs).

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Yazi isimo sakho

Isisho esivame ukuzwakala sikhuthaza abantu ukuthi bahlolelwe izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, kufaka phakathi i-HIV, ukuze bakwazi ukuthatha izinqumo ezinolwazi, ezinesibopho (futhi bathole ukwelashwa uma kunesidingo).

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Okungamanga okungamanga

Lapho ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunikeza okuhle ngokuba khona kwama-antibodies e-HIV, kepha ukutheleleka akukho lapho empeleni. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlolwa kwe-ELISA kuzonikeza imiphumela emihle ngenkathi ukuhlolwa kwe-Western blot kunika imiphumela emibi.

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I-Serosorting

Ukwenza izinqumo mayelana nomsebenzi wezocansi ngokuya ngesimo sozakwethu. Ukucabanga maqondana nesimo kungaba yingozi, noma kunjalo, njengoba kuxoxwa ngalo mbukiso wesilayidi.

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I-Seropositive

Ukuhlola kahle ukutholakala kwama-antibodies e-HIV.

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Ukwenza icala kwe-HIV

Lapho ukudluliswa kwe-HIV kuthathwa njengecala. Lolu wudaba oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezomthetho nolokuziphatha, kanti nemithetho ehlobene iyahlukahluka kuye ngesifundazwe.

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Ukuguqulwa kweseroconversion

Inqubo lapho uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba lukhiqiza amasosha omzimba wokuhlasela igciwane elihlaselayo. Ungahle ungabi nezinga elibonakalayo lama-antibodies e-HIV phakathi nale nqubo. Funda kabanzi mayelana nesikhathi se-seroconversion.

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Ucansi oluphephile

Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqapha ukutheleleka ngocansi ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuzivikela. Thola ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngocansi oluphephile, olunempilo.

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Elisa

Kufanelwe “ukuhlolwa okuzivikela ngama-enzyme.” Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlola ubukhona bama-antibodies e-HIV. Umphumela omuhle kulokhu kuhlolwa usho ukuhlolwa okulandelwayo kwe-Western blot test, okunemba kakhudlwana (kodwa okubiza kakhulu).

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Amamedi

Slang for “imithi,” okuyizidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV. Kunezifundo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zemithi ye-HIV.

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Ukumelana okudlulisiwe

Ukutheleleka ngesifo se-HIV esivele simelana nemithi ethile yezidambisigciwane (ama-ARV) ebizosetshenziselwa ukuyelapha.

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Umcimbi Ombi

Umphumela ongemuhle wemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa. Imicimbi emibi ingahle isukela emiphumeleni emibi kodwa engemnandi, njengokukhathala kanye nesicanucanu, iye ezimweni ezibucayi njenge-pancreatitis kanye nokudangala.

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Ukungashadi

Ukugwema ukwenza ucansi. Abantu kwesinye isikhathi bakhetha ukungashadi ngemuva kokuxilongwa nge-HIV ukuze bavikele ukutheleleka 'ukusabalala.

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Ukuhlolwa kwe-Western blot test

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokuhlola ubukhona bama-antibodies e-HIV. Izinga lokunemba kwalo licishe libe ngamaphesenti ayi-100 lihlanganiswe nohlolo lwe-ELISA. Funda kabanzi ngokuhlolelwa i-HIV.

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I-Asymptomatic

Isigaba sokutheleleka nge-HIV lapho kungabonakali khona izimpawu zangaphandle noma izimpawu zesimo. Kwezinye izimo, lesi sigaba singahlala isikhathi eside.

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Ukuphila ne-HIV

Ngokusho kweCDC, cishe bacishe babe ngu-1.1. abantu abayizigidi e-U.S. abaphila ne-HIV. Funda umhlahlandlela wethu wesineke wokuphila ne-HIV.

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Umthwalo wegciwane

Izinga le-HIV egazini lakho. Uma inani legciwane egazini liphezulu, isibalo se-CD4 yakho siphansi. Thola ukuqonda okungcono kokuthi kusho ukuthini inani legciwane egazini.

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Imishanguzo yegciwane lengculaza

Imela i- “antiretroviral,” okuwuhlobo lomuthi osetshenziswa ekwelashweni ngezidambisi gciwane (ART) ukucindezela igciwane le-HIV.

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Akutholakali

Lokhu kubhekisela kumthamo wegciwane eliphansi kangangokuba izivivinyo azikwazi ukuwuthola. Akusho ukuthi isiguli asisenayo i-HIV. Funda kabanzi lapha.

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Igethivu yamanga

Lapho ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunikeza umphumela ongemuhle wokuba khona kwama-antibodies e-HIV, kepha ukutheleleka kukhona lapho. Lokhu kungenzeka uma umuntu esanda kutheleleka futhi engakaqali ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba e-HIV. Abantu abacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bavezwa yi-HIV bangadinga ukuhlolwa kaningi.

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I-MSM

Umela "amadoda alala namadoda." Leli gama livame ukuncanyiselwa ukuthi “ubungqingili” ezingxoxweni ze-HIV ne-AIDS, kuya ngomphakathi noma umongo.

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I-Serodiscordant

Elinye igama lobudlelwano besimo esixubekile, lapho omunye umlingani ene-HIV kanti omunye engenayo. Omqondofana abangaba khona bafaka: isimo se-sero esixutshiwe, i-sero-divergent, i-inter-virus, i-positive-negative.

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Isimo esihlanganisiwe

Lapho umlingani oyedwa kwababili ene-HIV kanti omunye akanayo. Amanye amagama walokhu afaka i- “serodiscordant” ne- “magnetic.” Funda kabanzi ngokuthandana ne-HIV.

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Ukunciphisa ubungozi

Ukwenza imikhuba eyehlisa amathuba okuvezwa noma okusakazeka nge-HIV. Izibonelo zifaka ukusetshenziswa okungaguquguquki nokufanele kwamakhondomu, ukuhlolelwa izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, ukungabelani ngezinaliti, nokuningi. Funda kabanzi ngezingcuphe ze-HIV.

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I-HIV-2

Ihlobene kakhulu ne-HIV-1, le retrovirus ibangela ingculaza kepha itholakala kakhulu eNtshonalanga Afrika. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezimbili ze-HIV lapha.

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I-HIV ayithathi hlangothi

I-Stigma Project ichaza “ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-HIV” njengommeli onolwazi ekulweni ne-HIV ne-AIDS.

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Ubushoshovu

Ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kohlobo oluthile: kwezenhlalo, kwezepolitiki, noma ngenye indlela. Kukhona ithani lobushoshovu lokuqwashisa nge-HIV, ucwaningo, nokuningi ngabantu ngamaqembu emhlabeni jikelele.

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Ukunamathela

Ukuthatha imishanguzo ye-HIV njengoba kunqunyiwe. Ukunamathela kusiza ekwehliseni umthamo wakho wegciwane futhi kuvimbela ukumelana nemithi. Eminye imigomo yalokhu ifaka phakathi "ukuthobela" kanye "nokulandela med."

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Uhlobo

Inkambo enqunyiwe yokwelashwa yesimo esithile. Funda ngokuvela kwezindlela zokwelashwa kwe-HIV lapha.

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Iseli le-T

Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-CD4 cell. Ama-T-cell abangela amasosha omzimba ukulwa nezifo.

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Impilo ende

Kusho ubude besikhathi umuntu one-HIV angaphila ngaso. Impilo ende ikhuphukile ngokwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane.

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Ukunikezwa amandla

Ukutshalwa ngamandla: ngokomoya, kwezepolitiki, kwezenhlalo, noma ngenye indlela. Abantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza bangazizwa amandla ngendlela egcina isimo sabo singachazi izimpilo zabo.

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Owasinda isikhathi eside

Umuntu osehlale ne-HIV iminyaka eminingana. Abanye abantu baphila ne-HIV amashumi eminyaka.

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