Ukulimala kwekhanda - usizo lokuqala

Ukulimala ekhanda noma yikuphi ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda, kogebhezi, noma ebuchosheni. Ukulimala kungaba yi-bump encane kuphela kugebhezi noma ukulimala okungathi sína kobuchopho.

Ukulimala kwekhanda kungavalwa noma kuvuleke (kungene).

• Ukulimala ekhanda okuvaliwe kusho ukuthi uthole ukushayeka kanzima ekhanda ngenxa yokushaya into ethile, kodwa into ayilephulanga ugebhezi.
• Ukulimala ekhanda okuvulekile, noma okungena ngaphakathi kusho ukuthi ushaywe ngento ephule ukhakhayi yangena ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu uma uhamba ngejubane elikhulu, njengokuhamba ngefasitela langaphambili ngesikhathi sengozi yemoto. Kungenzeka futhi kusukela kuqhuma isibhamu kuye ekhanda.

Ukulimala ekhanda kufaka:

• Ukuxubana, lapho kugudluzwa khona ubuchopho, yilona hlobo oluvame kakhulu lokulimala kwengqondo okulimazayo.
• Amanxeba ekhanda.
• Ukuphuka kogebhezi.

Ukulimala ekhanda kungadala ukopha:

• Ezicubu zobuchopho
• Ezingqimbeni ezizungeze ubuchopho (subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, extradural hematoma)

Ukulimala ekhanda kuyisizathu esivamile sokuvakashelwa kwegumbi lezimo eziphuthumayo. Inani elikhulu labantu abalimala ekhanda yizingane. Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu (i-TBI) kubanga ukwamukelwa esibhedlela okungaphezu kwe-1 koku-6 unyaka nonyaka okuhlobene nokulimala.

Izimbangela ezivamile zokulimala kwekhanda zifaka:

• Izingozi ekhaya, emsebenzini, ngaphandle, noma ngenkathi udlala imidlalo
• Ukuwa
• Ukushaya ngokomzimba
• Izingozi zomgwaqo

Iningi lalokhu kulimala kuncane ngoba ugebhezi luvikela ubuchopho. Okunye ukulimala kubi ngokwanele ukuthi kungadinga ukuhlala esibhedlela.

Ukulimala ekhanda kungadala ukopha ezicutshini zobuchopho nezendlalelo ezizungeze ubuchopho (i-subarachnoid hemorrhage, i-subdural hematoma, i-epidural hematoma).

Izimpawu zokulimala ekhanda zingenzeka khona manjalo noma zingakhula kancane ngaphezu kwamahora noma izinsuku ezimbalwa. Noma ukhakhayi lungaphukanga, ubuchopho bungashaya ngaphakathi kogebhezi luze lucindezeleke. Ikhanda lingabukeka lilihle, kepha izinkinga zingadalwa ukuphuma kwegazi noma ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kogebhezi.

Intambo yomgogodla kungenzeka ukuthi ilimale ekuweni kusuka ekuphakameni okuphawulekayo noma ukukhishwa emotweni.

Okunye ukulimala ekhanda kubangela ushintsho ekusebenzeni kobuchopho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukulimala okubuhlungu kwengqondo. Ukuxubana ukulimala okubuhlungu kwengqondo. Izimpawu zokushayisana zingaba kusuka kumnene kuya kokubi.

Ukufunda ukubona ukulimala kabi ekhanda nokunikeza usizo lokuqala oluyisisekelo kungasindisa impilo yomuntu. Ukulimala ekhanda ngokulingene kuya kokubi kakhulu, FONELA 911 NGOKUDLULA.

Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma umuntu:

• Ulala kakhulu
• Iziphatha ngokungajwayelekile, noma inenkulumo engenangqondo
• Iba nekhanda elibi noma intamo elukhuni
• Uqulekile
• Inabafundi (ingxenye emnyama emaphakathi yeso) yobukhulu obungalingani
• Ayikwazi ukuhambisa ingalo noma umlenze
• Ulahlekelwa ukwazi, noma isikhashana
• Ukuhlanza okungaphezu kwesisodwa

Bese uthatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Bheka indlela yomoya yomuntu, ukuphefumula, nokusakazwa kwakhe. Uma kunesidingo, qala ukutakula ukuphefumula kanye ne-CPR.
2. Uma ukuphefumula kwenhliziyo yomuntu kujwayelekile, kodwa umuntu akazi lutho, phatha sengathi kukhona ukulimala komgogodla. Qinisa ikhanda nentamo ngokubeka izandla zakho ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda lomuntu. Gcina ikhanda lihambisana nomgogodla futhi uvimbele ukunyakaza. Linda usizo lwezokwelapha.
3. Misa noma yikuphi ukopha ngokucindezela ngokuqinile indwangu ehlanzekile enxebeni. Uma ukulimala kukhulu, qaphela ukuthi ungahambisi ikhanda lomuntu. Uma igazi lingena ngendwangu, ungayikhiphi. Beka enye indwangu phezu kweyokuqala.
4. Uma usola ukwephuka kogebhezi, ungasebenzisi ingcindezi eqondile lapho kuphuma khona ukopha, futhi ungasusi noma imuphi udoti enxebeni. Mboza isilonda ngokugqoka i-gauze oyinyumba.
5. Uma umuntu ehlanza, ukuvimbela ukuminyana, gingqa ikhanda, intamo, nomzimba womuntu njengeyunithi eyodwa ohlangothini lwabo. Lokhu kusavikela umgogodla, okufanele uhlale ucabanga ukuthi ulimele uma kwenzeka ulimala ekhanda. Izingane zivame ukuhlanza kanye ngemuva kokulimala ekhanda. Lokhu kungenzeka kungabi yinkinga, kepha shayela udokotela ukuthola isiqondiso esengeziwe.
6. Faka amaphakethe e-ice ezindaweni ezivuvukile (vala iqhwa ngethawula ukuze lingathinti ngqo isikhumba).

Landela lezi zixwayiso:

• UNGASISI isilonda ekhanda esijule kakhulu noma esopha kakhulu.
• UNGASUSI noma iyiphi into enamathele enxebeni.
• UNGAMSUSI lowo muntu ngaphandle uma kudingeka ngempela.
• UNGAMTHINTSI umuntu uma kubonakala sengathi udangele.
• UNGASUSHI isigqoko sokuzivikela uma usola ukuthi ulimele kabi ekhanda.
• UNGAYILANDI ingane ewile enezimpawu zokulimala ekhanda.
• UNGABUPHUZI utshwala kungakapheli amahora angama-48 ulimele kabi ekhanda.

Ukulimala kanzima ekhanda okubandakanya ukopha noma ukulimala kwengqondo kufanele kulashwe esibhedlela.

Ngokulimala okuncane kwekhanda, akukho ukwelashwa okungadingeka. Kodwa-ke, shayela izeluleko zezokwelapha futhi ubuke izimpawu zokulimala ekhanda, ezingabonakala kamuva.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzochaza ukuthi yini ongayilindela, ukuthi ungaphatha kanjani noma yikuphi ukuphathwa yikhanda, ukuthi ungaziphatha kanjani ezinye izimpawu zakho, ukuthi uzobuyela nini kwezemidlalo, esikoleni, emsebenzini, nakweminye imisebenzi, nezimpawu noma izimpawu okufanele ukhathazeke ngazo.

• Izingane zizodinga ukubukwa futhi zenze izinguquko zomsebenzi.
• Abantu abadala nabo badinga ukubuka okuseduze nezinguquko zomsebenzi.

Bobabili abadala nezingane kufanele balandele imiyalo yomhlinzeki mayelana nokuthi kuzokwazi nini ukubuyela kwezemidlalo.

Shayela ku-911 ngokushesha uma:

• Kukhona ikhanda elibi noma ukopha ebusweni.
• Umuntu udidekile, ukhathele noma uqulekile.
• Umuntu uyeka ukuphefumula.
• Usola ukulimala kabi ekhanda noma entanyeni, noma umuntu eba nezimpawu noma izimpawu zokulimala kabi ekhanda.

Akukhona konke ukulimala ekhanda okungavinjelwa. Izinyathelo ezilula ezilandelayo zingasiza ukugcina wena nengane yakho niphephile:

• Njalo sebenzisa imishini yokuphepha ngesikhathi semisebenzi engadala ukulimala ekhanda. Lokhu kubandakanya amabhande esihlalo, amabhayisikili noma izigqoko zokuhamba ngesithuthuthu nezigqoko ezinzima.
• Funda futhi ulandele izincomo zokuphepha kwamabhayisikili.
• Ungaphuzi futhi ushayele, futhi ungavumi ukuqhutshwa umuntu omaziyo noma osola ukuthi ubephuza utshwala noma akhubazekile ngenye indlela.

Ukulimala kobuchopho; Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda

• Ukudideka kubantu abadala - ukukhipha
• Impikiswano kubantu abadala - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Ukudideka ezinganeni - ukukhipha
• Ukushayisana ezinganeni - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Ukuvimbela ukulimala ekhanda ezinganeni

• Impi
• Isigqoko sebhayisikili - ukusetshenziswa okufanele
• Ukulimala ekhanda
• Ukopha kwe-Intracerebellar - i-CT scan
• Izinkomba zokulimala kwekhanda

UHockenberry B, uPusateri M, McGrew C. Ukulimala kwekhanda okuhlobene nezemidlalo. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Ukwelashwa Kwamanje kukaConn 2020. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier 2020: 693-697.

U-Hudgins E, Grady S. Ukuvuselelwa kokuqala, ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kwesibhedlela, nokunakekelwa kwegumbi eliphuthumayo ekulimaleni okulimazayo kwengqondo. Ku: Winn HR, ed. Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Youmans neWinn Neurological. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 348.

UPapa L, Goldberg SA. Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 34.