Ukushisa kwamakhemikhali noma ukusabela

Amakhemikhali athinta isikhumba angaholela ekuphenduleni esikhunjeni, emzimbeni wonke, noma kokubili.

Ukuvezwa ngamakhemikhali akubonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kufanele usole ukuvezwa ngamakhemikhali uma umuntu ophilile ngenye indlela egula ngaphandle kwesizathu, ikakhulukazi uma kutholakala isitsha samakhemikhali esingenalutho eduze.

Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali emsebenzini isikhathi eside kungadala izimpawu ezishintshayo njengoba ikhemikhali lakha emzimbeni womuntu.

Uma umuntu enekhemikhali emehlweni, bheka usizo lokuqala lwezimo eziphuthumayo zamehlo.

Uma umuntu egwinye noma ehogele ikhemikhali eliyingozi, shayela isikhungo sendawo sokulawula ubuthi ku-1-800-222-1222.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lokuchayeka, izimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Isikhumba nezindebe ezibomvu ngokukhanyayo noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Ukudlikizela (ukuqubuka)
• Isiyezi
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo, ukuvutha noma ukuchelela
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Isifuba, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala, noma ubuthakathaka obudalwa ukusabela okweqile
• Ukuthukuthela
• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo kanye / noma ukuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu lapho isikhumba sihlangane khona nento enobuthi
• Irash, amabhamuza, kusha esikhunjeni
• Ukungazi noma ezinye izimo ezingeni eliguquliwe lokwazi

• Qiniseka ukuthi imbangela yokusha isusiwe. Zama ukuthi ungahlangani nayo ngokwakho. Uma ikhemikhali lomile, shayela noma yikuphi okweqile. Gwema ukuyihlikihla emehlweni akho. Susa noma yikuphi okokugqoka nobucwebe.
• Gudluza amakhemikhali ebusweni besikhumba usebenzisa amanzi apholile agijima imizuzu eyi-15 noma ngaphezulu NGAPHANDLE kokuba ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali kukome i-lime (i-calcium oxide, ebizwa nangokuthi 'i-lime esheshayo') noma izinsimbi ezinjenge-sodium, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, ne lithium.
• Phatha lowo muntu ngokwethuka uma ebonakala edangele, ephaphathekile, noma uma kukhona ukuphefumula okungajulile, okusheshayo.
• Sebenzisa ukucindezela okupholile, okumanzi ukudambisa izinhlungu.
• Songa indawo eshisiwe ngendwangu eyomile eyinyumba (uma kungenzeka) noma ngendwangu ehlanzekile. Vikela indawo eshisiwe ekucindezelweni nasekuxabaneni.
• Ukusha kwamakhemikhali okuncane kuvame ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, uma kune-degree yesibili noma yesithathu yokusha noma uma kukhona ukuphendula komzimba jikelele, thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezinzima, ungamshiyi yedwa futhi ubuke ngokucophelela ukusabela okuthinta umzimba wonke.

Qaphela: Uma ikhemikhali ingena emehlweni, amehlo kufanele afuthwe ngamanzi ngokushesha. Qhubeka nokugeza amehlo ngamanzi agobhozayo okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

• UNGAYisebenzisi noma imuphi amakhambi asekhaya anjengamafutha noma isalve lapho kushe khona amakhemikhali.
• Ungangcoliswa yikhemikhali lapho unikeza usizo lokuqala.
• Ungaphazamisi ibhamuza noma ususe isikhumba esifile lapho kushe amakhemikhali.
• Ungazami ukunciphisa noma iyiphi ikhemikhali ngaphandle kokubonisana nesikhungo sokulawula ubuthi noma udokotela.

Shayela usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma umuntu enenkinga yokuphefumula, ehlaselwa yisifo sokuwa, noma equlekile.

• Wonke amakhemikhali kufanele agcinwe lapho izingane ezincane zingafinyeleleki khona - okungcono kakhulu kwikhabethe elikhiyiwe.
• Gwema ukuxuba imikhiqizo ehlukene equkethe amakhemikhali anobuthi njenge-ammonia ne-bleach. Ingxube ingakhipha umusi oyingozi.
• Gwema ukuvezwa isikhathi eside (ngisho nasezingeni eliphansi) kumakhemikhali.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa izinto ezinobuthi ekhishini noma ngasendaweni yokudla.
• Thenga into engaba nobuthi ezitsheni zokuphepha, bese uthenge kuphela lapho kudingeka.
• Imikhiqizo eminingi yasendlini yenziwe ngamakhemikhali anobuthi. Kubalulekile ukufunda nokulandela imiyalelo yelebula, kufaka phakathi noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha.
• Ungalokothi ugcine imikhiqizo yasendlini ezitsheni zokudla noma iziphuzo. Zishiye ezitsheni zazo zoqobo namalebula asekhona.
• Gcina ngokuphepha amakhemikhali ngokushesha ngemuva kokuwasebenzisa.
• Sebenzisa upende, imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, i-ammonia, i-bleach, neminye imikhiqizo ekhipha intuthu kuphela endaweni enomoya omuhle.

Burn kusuka kumakhemikhali

• Kushe
• I khithi yosizo lokuqala
• Izendlalelo zesikhumba

I-Levine MD. Ukulimala kwamakhemikhali. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 57.

Mazzeo AS. Izinqubo zokunakekela ukushisa. Ku: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, ama-eds. Izinqubo Zomtholampilo zikaRoberts noHedges ku-Emergency Medicine kanye ne-Acute Care. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 38.

URao NK, uGoldstein MH. Ukusha kwe-acid ne-alikhali. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ama-eds. I-Ophthalmology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 4.26.