Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

I-Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) iyisibazi noma ukuqina kwamaphaphu ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo abazi ukuthi yini ebangelwa i-IPF noma ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beyithuthukisa. Idiopathic kusho ukuthi imbangela ayaziwa. Isimo kungenzeka ukuthi singenxa yamaphaphu aphendula into engaziwa noma ukulimala. Izakhi zofuzo zingadlala indima ekwakheni i-IPF. Lesi sifo sivela kaningi kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-60 nengama-70 ubudala. I-IPF ivame kakhulu kwabesilisa kunabesifazane.

Uma une-IPF, amaphaphu akho aba nezibazi futhi aqiniswe. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthi uphefumule. Kubantu abaningi, i-IPF iba yimbi ngokushesha ngaphezu kwezinyanga noma iminyaka embalwa. Kwabanye, i-IPF iba yimbi isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Izimpawu zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba (kwesinye isikhathi)
• Ukukhwehlela (kuvame ukoma)
• Ayikwazi ukusebenza njengakuqala
• Ukuphefumula okuncane ngesikhathi somsebenzi (lesi sibonakaliso sihlala izinyanga noma iminyaka, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungenzeka futhi lapho uphumule)
• Ukuzizwa uphela amandla
• Ukwehla kwesisindo kancane kancane

Umhlinzeki uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi abuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Uzobuzwa ukuthi ngabe uke wachayeka kuma-asbestos noma obunye ubuthi nokuthi ngabe ububhema yini.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kungathola ukuthi une:

• Ukuphefumula okungavamile kuzwakala kubizwa ngama-crackles
• Isikhumba se-Bluish (cyanosis) esizungeze umlomo noma izinzipho ngenxa yomoya-mpilo omncane (onesifo esithuthukile)
• Ukukhulisa nokugoba izisekelo zezinzipho, ezibizwa nge-clubbing (ngezifo ezithuthukile)

Ukuhlolwa okusiza ukuxilonga i-IPF kufaka okulandelayo:

• I-Bronchoscopy
• Isisombululo esiphakeme sesifuba se-CT (HRCT)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Echocardiogram
• Izilinganiso zezinga le-oxygen yegazi (amagesi egazi emithanjeni)
• Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wePulmonary
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhamba kwemizuzu engu-6
• Ukuhlolwa kwezifo ezizimele njenge-rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, noma i-scleroderma
• Vula i-lung (kuhlinzwa) i-lung biopsy

Alikho ikhambi elaziwayo le-IPF.

Ukwelashwa kuhlose ukunciphisa izimpawu nokunciphisa ukukhula kwesifo:

• IPirfenidone (Esbriet) kanye nintedanib (Ofev) yimithi emibili elapha i-IPF. Zingasiza ukulimala kancane kwamaphaphu.
• Abantu abanezinga eliphansi le-oxygen egazini bazodinga ukwesekwa kwe-oxygen ekhaya.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu ngeke kuselaphe lesi sifo, kepha kungasiza abantu ukuthi bazijwayeze ukuphefumula kanzima.

Ukwenza ushintsho ekhaya nasendleleni yokuphila kungasiza ukuphatha izimpawu zokuphefumula. Uma wena noma amanye amalungu omndeni ubhema, manje isikhathi sokuyeka.

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungacatshangelwa kwabanye abantu abane-IPF esezingeni eliphakeme.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Imininingwane engaphezulu nokusekelwa kwabantu abane-IPF nemindeni yabo kungatholakala ku:

• Isisekelo sePulmonary Fibrosis - www.pulmonaryfibrosis.org/life-with-pf/support-groups
• I-American Lung Association - www.lung.org/support-and-community/

I-IPF ingahle ithuthuke noma ihlale izinzile isikhathi eside noma ingekho ukwelashwa. Iningi labantu liba libi kakhulu, noma ngabe selashwa.

Lapho izimpawu zokuphefumula ziba nzima kakhulu, wena nomhlinzeki wakho kufanele nixoxe ngemithi yokwelula impilo, njengokufakelwa kwamaphaphu. Futhi xoxani ngokuhlelwa kokunakekelwa kwangaphambili.

Izinkinga ze-IPF zingafaka:

• Amazinga aphakeme ngokungajwayelekile wamaseli abomvu egazi ngenxa yamazinga aphansi e-oxygen egazini
• Iphaphu eliwile
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu emithanjeni yamaphaphu
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula
• I-Cor pulmonale (ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo emaceleni kwesokudla)
• Ukufa

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma unokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuphefumula okunzima, okusheshayo, noma okungajulile (awukwazi ukuthatha umoya ojulile)
• Ukuncika phambili lapho uhleli ukuze uphefumule kahle
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda njalo
• Ukulala noma ukudideka
• Imfiva
• Amafinyila amnyama lapho ukhwehlela
• Izipho zeminwe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma isikhumba ezungeze izinzipho zakho

I-Idiopathic diffuse fibrosis yangaphakathi yamaphaphu; IPF; I-pulmonary fibrosis; I-Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis; I-CFA; I-fibrosing alveolitis; I-pneumonitis ejwayelekile yokuhlangana; I-UIP

• Usebenzisa i-oxygen ekhaya

• I-Spirometry
• Ukubhuqa
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Heart, Lung, neGazi Institute. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 13, 2020.

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URaghu G, uRochwerg B, uZhang Y, et al. Isiqondisi esisemthethweni se-ATS / ERS / JRS / ALAT: ukwelashwa kwe-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ukuvuselelwa komhlahlandlela wokusebenza komtholampilo ka-2011. Am J Respir Crit Ukunakekelwa Med. 2015; 192 (2): e3-e19. I-PMID: 26177183 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26177183/.

URyu JH, Selman M, Colby TV, King TE. I-Idiopathic pneumonias yangaphakathi. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 63.

USilhan LL, uDanoff SK. Ukwelashwa kwe-nonpharmacologic ye-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ku: Collard HR, Richeldi L, eds. Izifo Zamaphaphu Zangaphakathi. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 5.