Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD)

Isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD) yisifo esivamile samaphaphu. Ukuba ne-COPD kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-COPD:

• I-bronchitis engapheli, efaka ukukhwehlela isikhathi eside ngamakhowe
• I-Emphysema, ebandakanya ukulimala kwamaphaphu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Iningi labantu abane-COPD linenhlanganisela yezimo zombili.

Ukubhema kuyimbangela eyinhloko ye-COPD. Lapho umuntu ebhema kakhulu, maningi amathuba okuthi lowo muntu athuthukise i-COPD. Kepha abanye abantu bayabhema iminyaka futhi bangalokothi bathole i-COPD.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, abangabhemi abangenayo iprotheni ebizwa nge-alpha-1 antitrypsin bangaba ne-emphysema.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ze-COPD yilezi:

• Ukuvezwa amagesi athile noma intuthu endaweni yokusebenza
• Ukuvezwa kwenani elisindayo lentuthu kagwayi nokungcola
• Ukusetshenziswa njalo komlilo wokupheka ngaphandle komoya ongcono

Izimpawu zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Khwehlela, noma ungenawo amafinyila
• Ukukhathala
• Izifo eziningi zokuphefumula
• Ukuphefumula okuncane (i-dyspnea) eba kubi kakhulu ngomsebenzi omnene
• Inkinga yokubamba umoya womuntu
• Ukuqhuma

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zikhula kancane, abantu abaningi bangase bangazi ukuthi bane-COPD.

Isivivinyo esihle kakhulu se-COPD ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wamaphaphu okuthiwa i-spirometry. Lokhu kuhilela ukukhipha kanzima ngangokunokwenzeka emshinini omncane ohlola amandla wamaphaphu. Imiphumela ingahlolwa ngokushesha.

Ukusebenzisa i-stethoscope ukulalela amaphaphu nakho kungasiza, kukhombisa isikhathi sokuphefumula isikhathi eside noma ukuphefumula. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi, amaphaphu azwakala ejwayelekile, noma ngabe umuntu ene-COPD.

Ukufanekisa ukuhlolwa kwamaphaphu, njenge-x-ray nama-CT scan kunga-oda. Nge-x-ray, amaphaphu angabukeka ejwayelekile, noma ngabe umuntu une-COPD. Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kuvame ukukhombisa izimpawu ze-COPD.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuthiwa i-arterial blood gas kungenziwa ukukala inani le-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide egazini.

Uma umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo esola ukuthi unenkinga ye-alpha-1 antitrypsin, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenzeka kuyalwe ukuthola lesi simo.

Alikho ikhambi le-COPD. Kodwa kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuqeda izimpawu nokugcina lesi sifo singabi sibi kakhulu.

Uma ubhema, manje isikhathi sokuyeka. Le yindlela engcono yokunciphisa ukulimala kwamaphaphu.

Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-COPD ifaka phakathi:

• Izidakamizwa zokusiza ngokushesha ezisiza ukuvula imigwaqo yomoya
• Lawula izidakamizwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu
• Izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala ezindleleni zomoya
• Imithi elwa namagciwane yesikhathi eside

Ezimweni ezinzima noma ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, ungadinga ukuthola:

• Ukuphuza ama-steroid ngomlomo noma ngomthambo (ngemithambo yegazi)
• Ama-bronchodilators ngokusebenzisa i-nebulizer
• Ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen
• Usizo oluvela emshinini lokusiza ukuphefumula ngokusebenzisa imaski noma ngokusebenzisa ithubhu endotracheal

Umhlinzeki wakho anganikeza ama-antibiotic ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwezimpawu, ngoba ukutheleleka kungenza i-COPD ibe yimbi kakhulu.

Ungadinga ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo ekhaya uma unezinga eliphansi le-oxygen egazini lakho.

Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu akuyilaphi i-COPD. Kodwa ingakufundisa kabanzi ngalesi sifo, ikuqeqeshele ukuphefumula ngendlela ehlukile ukuze uhlale ukhuthele futhi uzizwe ungcono, futhi ikugcine usebenza ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

UKUPHILA NE-COPD

Ungenza izinto nsuku zonke ukugcina i-COPD ingabi kubi kakhulu, uvikele amaphaphu akho, futhi uhlale uphilile.

Hamba ukwakha amandla:

• Buza umhlinzeki noma umeluleki ukuthi uhambe ibanga elingakanani.
• Khulisa kancane ukuthi uhamba ibanga elingakanani.
• Gwema ukukhuluma uma uphefumula kanzima lapho uhamba.
• Sebenzisa ukuphefumula komlomo okulandelwe lapho uphefumulela ngaphandle, ukukhipha amaphaphu akho ngaphambi kokuphefumula okulandelayo.

Izinto ongazenza ukwenza kube lula kuwe ekhaya zihlanganisa:

• Gwema umoya obanda kakhulu noma isimo sezulu esishisayo kakhulu
• Qiniseka ukuthi akekho umuntu obhemayo ekhaya lakho
• Nciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya ngokungasebenzisi iziko nokususa ezinye izinto ezicasulayo
• Phatha ukucindezeleka nemizwa yakho
• Sebenzisa i-oxygen uma kunqunyelwe wena

Yidla ukudla okunempilo, okubandakanya izinhlanzi, izinkukhu nenyama engenamafutha, kanye nezithelo nemifino. Uma kunzima ukugcina isisindo sakho sikhuphukile, khuluma nomhlinzeki noma isazi sokudla ngokudla ukudla okunama-calories amaningi.

Ukuhlinzwa noma okunye ukungenelela kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha i-COPD. Bambalwa kuphela abantu abazuzayo kulezi zindlela zokuhlinza:

• Ama-valve wendlela eyodwa angafakwa nge-bronchoscopy ukusiza ukukhipha izingxenye zephaphu ezine-hyperinflated (overinflated) ezigulini ezikhethiwe.
• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa izingxenye zephaphu eligulayo, okungasiza izingxenye ezingaguli kakhulu zisebenze kangcono kwabanye abantu abane-emphysema.
• Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu ngenani elincane lamacala abucayi kakhulu.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela.Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

I-COPD yisifo sesikhathi eside (esingapheli). Lesi sifo sizoba sibi kakhulu ngokushesha uma ungayeki ukubhema.

Uma une-COPD enzima, uzophelelwa umoya ngemisebenzi eminingi. Ungangeniswa esibhedlela kaningi.

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngemishini yokuphefumula nokunakekelwa kokuphela kwempilo njengoba isifo siqhubeka.

Nge-COPD, ungahle ube nezinye izinkinga zempilo njenge:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (arrhythmia)
• Isidingo somshini wokuphefumula nokwelashwa komoya-mpilo
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo emaceleni angakwesokudla noma i-cor pulmonale (ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ngenxa yesifo samaphaphu esingapheli)
• Inyumoniya
• Iphaphu eliwile (pneumothorax)
• Ukwehla kwesisindo esikhulu nokungondleki
• Ukuncipha kwamathambo (i-osteoporosis)
• Ukukhubazeka
• Ukukhathazeka okwengeziwe

Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele inombolo yendawo ephuthumayo (efana ne-911) uma unokwenyuka okusheshayo ekuphefumuleni.

Ukungabhemi kuvimbela ama-COPD amaningi. Buza umhlinzeki wakho mayelana nezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema. Imithi iyatholakala futhi ukukusiza uyeke ukubhema.

I-COPD; Isifo esingamahlalakhona esivimba umoya; Ukugula okungalapheki kwamaphaphu; I-bronchitis engapheli; I-Emphysema; I-bronchitis - engapheli

• Izidakamizwa ze-antiplatelet - P2Y12 inhibitors
• I-Aspirin nesifo senhliziyo
• Ukusebenza ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo
• Isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu - abadala - ukukhipha
• I-COPD - lawula izidakamizwa
• I-COPD - imishanguzo yokusiza ngokushesha
• I-COPD - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Ungaphefumula kanjani uma ushoda ngokuphefumula
• Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-nebulizer
• Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-inhaler - akukho spacer
• Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-inhaler - ene-spacer
• Uyisebenzisa kanjani imitha yakho yokugeleza okuphezulu
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu - ukukhipha
• Yenza ukugeleza okuphezulu kube umkhuba
• Ukuphepha kwe-oksijeni
• Ukuhamba nezinkinga zokuphefumula
• Usebenzisa i-oxygen ekhaya
• Usebenzisa i-oxygen ekhaya - ukuthi ubuze ini kudokotela wakho

• I-Spirometry
• I-Emphysema
• I-bronchitis
• Ukuyeka ukubhema
• I-COPD (isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu)
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula

UCelli BR, uZuwallack RL. Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 105.

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) iwebhusayithi. Isu lomhlaba jikelele lokuxilongwa, ukuphathwa, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwezifo zamaphaphu ezingapheli: umbiko we-2020. goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 3, 2020.

UHan MK, uLazaru SC. I-COPD: ukuxilongwa komtholampilo nokuphathwa. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 44.

AmaNational Institutes of Health, iwebhusayithi yeNational Heart, Lung, neGazi Institute. Uhlelo lokusebenza lukazwelonke lwe-COPD. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/media/docs/COPD%20National%20Action%20Plan%20508_0.pdf. Kubuyekezwe uMeyi 22, 2017. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 29, 2020.