Umdlavuza we-Colorectal

Umdlavuza we-Colorectal umdlavuza oqala emathunjini amakhulu (i-colon) noma i-rectum (ukuphela kwekholoni).

Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingathinta ikholoni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-lymphoma, izicubu ze-carcinoid, i-melanoma, ne-sarcomas. Lokhu akuvamile. Kulesi sihloko, umdlavuza wekoloni ubhekisela kumdlavuza obala kuphela.

E-United States, umdlavuza obala ubala ungenye yezimbangela ezihamba phambili zokufa kwabantu ngenxa yomdlavuza. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kungaholela ekwelapheni okuphelele.

Cishe wonke umdlavuza wamakholoni uqala emgqeni wekholoni kanye ne-rectum. Lapho odokotela bekhuluma ngomdlavuza obala ngokwezibalo, imvamisa yilokhu abakhuluma ngakho.

Asikho isizathu esisodwa somdlavuza wekoloni. Cishe yonke imidlavuza yamakholoni iqala njengama-polyps angenalo umdlavuza, akhula kancane kancane abe ngumdlavuza.

Unengozi enkulu yomdlavuza wekoloni uma:

• Badala kunama-50
• Ingabe i-African American noma isizukulwane esempumalanga yeYurophu
• Yidla inyama eningi ebomvu noma esetshenzisiwe
• Unama-polyps acolorectal
• Unesifo sokuvuvukala (isifo seCrohn noma i-ulcerative colitis)
• Yiba nomlando womndeni womdlavuza wekoloni

Ezinye izifo ezizuzwe njengefa nazo zandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamathumbu. Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ibizwa nge-Lynch syndrome.

Okudlayo kungadlala indima ekutholeni umdlavuza wamathumbu. Umdlavuza wekoloni ungaxhunyaniswa nokudla okunamafutha amaningi, okune-fiber encane kanye nokudla okuphezulu kwenyama ebomvu. Ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi ubungozi abubi uma ushintshela ekudleni okunefayibha ephezulu, ngakho-ke lesi sixhumanisi asikacaci.

Ukubhema osikilidi nokuphuza utshwala kungezinye zezici eziyingozi zomdlavuza wobala.

Amacala amaningi omdlavuza wekoloni awanazo izimpawu. Uma kunezimpawu, okulandelayo kungakhombisa umdlavuza wekoloni:

• Ubuhlungu besisu nobumnene esiswini esingezansi
• Igazi esitokisini
• Uhudo, ukuqunjelwa, noma olunye ushintsho emikhubeni yamathumbu
• Izitulo ezinciphile
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo

Ngokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa, umdlavuza wekoloni ungatholakala ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele. Yilapho umdlavuza welapheka kakhulu.

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba bese ecindezela endaweni yakho yesisu. Ukuhlolwa komzimba akuvamile ukukhombisa noma yiziphi izinkinga, noma ngabe udokotela angazizwa eyisigaxa esiswini. Ukuhlolwa kwe-rectal kungaveza ubuningi kubantu abanomdlavuza we-rectal, kepha hhayi umdlavuza wekoloni.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokungcola kwe-fecal (FOBT) kungathola inani elincane legazi esitokisini. Lokhu kungaphakamisa umdlavuza wamathumbu. I-sigmoidoscopy, noma okungenzeka kakhulu, i-colonoscopy, izokwenziwa ukuhlola imbangela yegazi esitokisini sakho.

I-colonoscopy ephelele kuphela engabona lonke ikholoni. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuhle kakhulu komdlavuza wamathumbu.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa kulabo abatholakala benomdlavuza obala, kufaka phakathi:

• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC) ukuhlola i-anemia
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi

Uma kutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza onombala ocacile, kuzokwenziwa ezinye izivivinyo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekile yini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isiteji. Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT noma kwe-MRI kwesisu, indawo ye-pelvic, noma isifuba kungasetshenziselwa ukubeka umdlavuza. Kwesinye isikhathi, kusetshenziswa ukuskena kwe-PET.

Izigaba zomdlavuza wamathumbu yilezi:

• Isigaba 0: Umdlavuza wokuqala kakhulu engxenyeni yangaphakathi yamathumbu
• Isigaba I: Umdlavuza usezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zekoloni
• Isigaba II: Umdlavuza usabalale odongeni lwemisipha yekholoni
• Isigaba III: Umdlavuza usabalalele kuma-lymph node
• Isigaba IV: Umdlavuza usabalalele kwezinye izitho ezingaphandle kwekholoni

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola izimpawu zesimila, njenge-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) kungasiza udokotela ukukulandela ngesikhathi nangemuva kokwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi isigaba somdlavuza. Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha isimila
• I-Chemotherapy ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukuqeda izicubu ezinomdlavuza
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe ukugcina umdlavuza ungakhuli futhi usabalale

UKUHLINZA

Umdlavuza we-Stage 0 colon ungalashwa ngokususa isimila usebenzisa i-colonoscopy. Okwezigaba zomdlavuza wezigaba I, II, no-III, kudingeka ukuhlinzeka kabanzi ukuze kususwe ingxenye yekholoni enomdlavuza. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kubizwa ngokuthi yi-colon resection (colectomy).

I-CHEMOTHERAPY

Cishe bonke abantu abanomdlavuza wesigaba III colon bathola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngemuva kokuhlinzwa izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezi-6. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-adjuvant chemotherapy. Noma isimila sisusiwe, kunikezwa i-chemotherapy yokwelapha noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angahlala.

I-Chemotherapy isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izimpawu nokwelula isikhathi sokuphila kubantu abanomdlavuza wesigaba IV se-colon.

Ungathola uhlobo olulodwa lomuthi noma inhlanganisela yemithi.

IMISAKAZO

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziselwa umdlavuza wekoloni.

Kubantu abanesifo sesigaba IV esisakazekele esibindi, ukwelashwa okuqondiswe esibindini kungasetshenziswa. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukushisa umdlavuza (ablation)
• Ukuletha i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation ngqo esibindini
• Ukuqandisa umdlavuza (i-cryotherapy)
• Ukuhlinzwa

INDLELA YOKUPHAKAMISA

• Ukwelashwa okubhekiswe ku-zeroes kokuhlosiwe okuthile (ama-molecule) kumaseli womdlavuza. Lezi zinhloso zibamba iqhaza ekutheni amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhula futhi aphile kanjani. Kusetshenziswa lezi zinhloso, umuthi ukhubaza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuze angakwazi ukusabalala. Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kunganikezwa njengamaphilisi noma kungajovwa emthanjeni.
• Kungenzeka uhlose ukwelashwa kanye nokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza wekoloni. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Ezimweni eziningi, umdlavuza wamathumbu uyelapheka uma ubanjwe kusenesikhathi.

Ukwenza kahle kwakho kuncike ezintweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi isigaba somdlavuza. Lapho belashwa kusenesikhathi, abantu abaningi basinda okungenani eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokuxilongwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yisilinganiso sokusinda seminyaka emihlanu.

Uma umdlavuza wekoloni ungabuyi (ukuphinda ubuye) kungakapheli iminyaka emihlanu, uthathwa njengolapheki. Umdlavuza wezigaba I, II, no-III kubhekwa njengokungelapheka. Ezimweni eziningi, umdlavuza wesigaba IV awuthathwa njengolaphekayo, yize kukhona okuhlukile.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukuvaleka kwekholoni, okubangela ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu
• Umdlavuza ubuyela kukholoni
• Umdlavuza usakazekela kwezinye izitho noma izicubu (i-metastasis)
• Ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesibili oyinhloko we-colorectal

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma une:

• Izitokisi ezimnyama, ezifana netiyela
• Igazi ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwamathumbu
• Shintsha imikhuba yamathumbu
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki

Umdlavuza wekoloni cishe ungabanjwa yi-colonoscopy ezigabeni zawo zokuqala nezelaphekayo. Cishe bonke abesilisa nabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu kufanele bahlolwe umdlavuza wekoloni. Abantu abasengozini enkulu bangadinga ukuhlolwa kwangaphambilini.

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamakholoni kungathola ama-polyps ngaphambi kokuba abe nomdlavuza. Ukususa lezi polyps kungavimbela umdlavuza wamathumbu.

Ukushintsha indlela odla ngayo nendlela ophila ngayo kubalulekile. Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luphakamisa ukuthi ukudla okunamafutha amancane kanye ne-fiber ephezulu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yomdlavuza wekoloni.

Umdlavuza we-Colorectal; Umdlavuza - ikholoni; Umdlavuza wesibeletho; Umdlavuza - i-rectum; I-Adenocarcinoma - ikholoni; Ikholoni - adenocarcinoma; I-Colon carcinoma

• Imisebe yesisu - ukukhishwa
• Ukudla kweBland
• Ukushintsha isikhwama sakho se-ostomy
• I-Chemotherapy - yini ongayibuza udokotela wakho
• Ileostomy nengane yakho
• Ileostomy nokudla kwakho
• Ileostomy - ukunakekela i-stoma yakho
• Ileostomy - ukushintsha isikhwama sakho
• Ileostomy - ukukhishwa
• Ileostomy - yini ongayibuza udokotela wakho
• Ukukhishwa kwamathumbu amakhulu - ukukhishwa
• Ukuphila ne-ileostomy yakho
• Imisebe ye-pelvic - ukukhishwa
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe - imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho
• Ukukhishwa kwamathumbu amancane - ukukhishwa
• Ukukhishwa okuphelele kwe-colectomy noma i-proctocolectomy
• Izinhlobo ze-ileostomy

• I-Barium enema
• Colonoscopy
• Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla
• Umdlavuza wesibeletho - x-ray
• Umdlavuza we-Sigmoid colon - x-ray
• I-spleen metastasis - i-CT scan
• Isakhiwo sekholoni
• Izigaba zomdlavuza
• Isiko lamaKoloni
• Umdlavuza wamakholoni - Uchungechunge
• IColostomy - Uchungechunge
• Ukuthengiswa kwamathumbu amakhulu - Uchungechunge
• Amathumbu amakhulu (ikholoni)

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