I-Hepatitis C

I-Hepatitis C yisifo segciwane esiholela ekuvuvukeni (ukuvuvukala) kwesibindi.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis yegciwane zifaka:

• I-hepatitis A
• I-Hepatitis B
• IHepatitis D
• I-Hepatitis E

Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis C kubangelwa igciwane le-hepatitis C (HCV).

Ungabamba i-hepatitis C uma igazi lomuntu one-HCV lingena emzimbeni wakho. Ukuvezwa kungenzeka:

• Ngemuva kwenduku yenaliti noma ukulimala okubukhali
• Uma igazi elivela kumuntu one-HCV lixhumana nokusikeka esikhunjeni sakho noma lithinta amehlo noma umlomo wakho

Abantu abasengozini ye-HCV yilabo:

• Jova izidakamizwa zasemgwaqweni noma wabelane ngenaliti nomuntu one-HCV
• Ngibe kwi-dialysis yezinso yesikhathi eside
• Yiba nokuxhumana njalo negazi emsebenzini (njengomsebenzi wezokunakekelwa kwempilo)
• Yiba nokuxhumana ngokocansi okungavikelekile nomuntu one-HCV
• Wazalwa ngumama owayene-HCV
• Uthole i-tattoo noma i-acupuncture enezinaliti ezingazange zibulawe amagciwane kahle ngemuva kokusetshenziswa komunye umuntu (ubungozi buphansi kakhulu kubasebenzi abanelayisense ye-tattoo noma imvume noma ilayisense yokuthwebula)
• Uthole ukufakelwa komzimba kusuka kumnikeli one-HCV
• Yabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu, ezifana namabhulashi wamazinyo kanye nezinsingo, nomuntu one-HCV (engandile kakhulu)
• Wathola ukumpontshelwa igazi (okungajwayelekile e-United States selokhu kwatholakala ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngo-1992)

Iningi labantu abasanda kutheleleka nge-HCV abanazo izimpawu. Abanye abantu bane-yellowing yesikhumba (i-jaundice). Ukutheleleka okungamahlalakhona kaningi akubangeli zimpawu. Kepha ukukhathala, ukucindezeleka nezinye izinkinga kungenzeka.

Abantu abanesifo sesikhathi eside (esingelapheki) bavame ukungabi nazimpawu kuze kube yilapho isibindi sabo sinesibazi (i-cirrhosis). Iningi labantu abanalesi simo liyagula futhi linezinkinga eziningi zempilo.

Izimpawu ezilandelayo zingavela ngokutheleleka nge-HCV:

• Ubuhlungu esiswini sangakwesokudla
• Ukuvuvukala kwesisu ngenxa yoketshezi (ascites)
• Izitulo ezinombala wobumba noma eziphaphathekile
• Umchamo omnyama
• Ukukhathala
• Imfiva
• Ukulunywa
• I-jaundice
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyenziwa ukuhlola i-HCV:

• I-enzyme immunoassay (EIA) ukuthola i-HCV antibody
• I-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ukuthola leli gciwane uqobo, ukukala amazinga egciwane (umthamo wegciwane), nokuhlonza uhlobo lwegciwane le-hepatitis C

Bonke abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya ku-79 kufanele bathole ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi esisodwa kwe-HCV. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlolwe amasosha omzimba alwa ne-HCV (anti-HCV). Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody kutholakala ukuthi kune-HIV, ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukutheleleka kwe-HCV.

Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kofuzo kwenziwa ukubheka uhlobo lwe-HCV (genotype). Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha zegciwane (genotypes 1 kuye ku-6). Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi akhethe ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kwenziwa ukukhomba nokuqapha ukulimala kwesibindi okuvela ku-HCV:

• Izinga le-albhamu
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi
• Isikhathi se-Prothrombin
• I-biopsy yesibindi

Kufanele ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nezinketho zakho zokwelashwa nokuthi kufanele uqale nini ukwelashwa.

• Inhloso yokwelashwa ukususa umzimba wegciwane emzimbeni. Lokhu kungavimbela ukulimala kwesibindi okungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwesibindi noma umdlavuza wesibindi.
• Ukwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abakhombisa izimpawu zesibindi i-fibrosis noma isibazi.

Imithi elwa namagciwane isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HCV. Le mithi isiza ukulwa ne-HCV. Izidakamizwa ezintsha zokulwa namagciwane:

• Nikeza ngesilinganiso esithuthukisiwe kakhulu sokwelapha
• Unemiphumela emibi embalwa futhi kulula ukuyithatha
• Athathwa ngomlomo amasonto ayi-8 kuya kwangama-24

Ukuzikhethela ukuthi yimuphi umuthi oncike kuhlobo lwe-HCV onalo.

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kunganconywa kubantu abahlakulela umdlavuza we-cirrhosis kanye / noma wesibindi. Umhlinzeki wakho angakutshela okuningi ngokufakelwa kwesibindi.

Uma une-HCV:

• Ungayiphuzi imithi ongayithathi ngaphambi kokucela umhlinzeki wakho. Buza futhi ngamavithamini nezinye izithasiselo.
• Ungasebenzisi utshwala noma izidakamizwa zasemgwaqweni. Utshwala bungasheshisa umonakalo esibindini sakho. Kunganciphisa nokuthi imithi isebenza kanjani kahle.
• Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa ukuthi awunawo amasosha omzimba wesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A no-B, udinga imithi yokugoma i-hepatitis A ne-hepatitis B. Uma ungazange uthole umuthi wokugoma we-hepatitis A noma B noma ungazange ube nalezi zinhlobo zesifo sokusha kwesibindi, ungadinga ukugonyelwa zona.

Ukujoyina iqembu lokusekelwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka kokuba ne-HCV. Buza umhlinzeki wakho ngemithombo yesifo sesibindi namaqembu okusekela endaweni yangakini.

Abantu abaningi (ama-75% kuya kuma-85%) abanegciwane baba ne-HCV engalapheki. Lesi simo sibeka engcupheni yesifo sokuqina kwesibindi, umdlavuza wesibindi, noma kokubili. Umbono we-HCV uncike ngokwengxenye kuhlobo lwe-genotype.

Impendulo enhle ekwelashweni yenzeka lapho igciwane lingasatholakali egazini emasontweni ayi-12 noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kokwelashwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "impendulo eqhubekayo ye-virologic" (SVR). Kufika kuma-90% alabo abaphathwa ezinye izinhlobo zofuzo abanalo lolu hlobo lwempendulo.

Abanye abantu abaphenduli ekwelashweni kokuqala. Kungadinga ukuthi baphinde baphathwe ngesigaba esihlukile semithi.

Futhi, abanye abantu bangaphinde batheleleke noma batheleleke ngohlobo oluhlukile lwe-genotype.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Uba nezimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi
• Uyakholelwa ukuthi uvezwe ku-HCV

Izinyathelo ezingathathwa ukusiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-HCV zisuka komunye umuntu ziye komunye zifaka:

• Abasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele balandele izinyathelo zokuphatha lapho bephatha igazi.
• Ungabelani ngezinaliti nanoma ngubani.
• Ungatholi ama-tattoo noma ukubhoboza umzimba noma uthole i-acupuncture kumuntu ongenayo imvume noma ilayisense.
• Ungabelani ngezinto zomuntu siqu, njengezinsingo namabhulashi wamazinyo.
• Zijwayeze ukwenza ucansi oluphephile.

Uma wena noma umlingani wakho utheleleke nge-HCV futhi benibe nobudlelwano obuzinzile nobabodwa (abunabo abanye abalingani), ingozi yokunikeza leli gciwane, noma ukuthola igciwane, komunye umuntu liphansi.

I-HCV ayikwazi ukusakazwa ngokuthintana okungajwayelekile, njengokubambana ngezandla, ukuqabulana, ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula, ukuncelisa ibele, ukuhlanganyela izinto zokudla noma izingilazi zokuphuza.

Njengamanje awukho umuthi wokugomela i-HCV.

Impendulo ye-virologic eqinile - i-hepatitis C; I-SVR - hepatitis C

• Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla
• I-Hepatitis C

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Imibuzo nezimpendulo ze-Hepatitis C zomphakathi. www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/cfaq.htm. Kubuyekezwe u-Ephreli 20, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 30, 2020.

UGhany MG, uMorgan TR; Iphaneli Yokuqondisa ye-AASLD-IDSA Hepatitis C. Isibuyekezo se-Hepatitis C Guidance 2019: Izincomo ze-AASLD-IDSA zokuhlola, ukuphatha, nokwelapha ukutheleleka kwegciwane le-hepatitis C. I-hepatology. 2020; 71 (2): 686-721. I-PMID: 31816111 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31816111/.

UJacobson IM, uLim JK, i-MW ethosiwe. I-American Gastroenterological Association Institute ukubuyekeza okwenziwa ngumtholampilo: ukunakekelwa kweziguli ezithole impendulo eqhubekayo ye-virologic ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-antiviral kokutheleleka okungapheli kwe-hepatitis C. I-Gastroenterology. 2017; 152 (6): 1578-1587. I-PMID: 28344022 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28344022/.

I-Naggie S, i-Wyles DL. I-Hepatitis C. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, abahleli. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 154.