Thayipha 2 sikashukela - ukuzinakekela

Uhlobo lwe-2 sikashukela luyisifo esingapheli (esingapheli). Uma unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, i-insulini umzimba wakho oyenzayo iba nenkinga yokudlulisa isignali kumaseli emisipha namafutha. I-insulini yihomoni eyenziwe ngamanyikwe ukulawula ushukela wegazi. Lapho i-insulin yomzimba wakho ingakwazi ukukhombisa kahle, ushukela ovela ekudleni uhlala egazini futhi izinga likashukela (glucose) lingakhuphuka kakhulu.

Iningi labantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 likhuluphele ngokweqile lapho litholakala. Izinguquko endleleni umzimba ophatha ngayo ushukela wegazi oholela kuhlobo 2 sikashukela zivame ukwenzeka kancane.

Wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele athole imfundo efanele nokuxhaswa ngezindlela ezingcono zokulawula isifo sikashukela. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngokubona uchwepheshe wesifo sikashukela oqinisekisiwe nemfundo.

Ungahle ungabi nazimpawu. Uma unezimpawu, zingafaka:

• Indlala
• Omile
• Ukuchama kakhulu, ukuvuka kaningi kunokujwayelekile ebusuku ukuchama
• Umbono ofiphele
• Ukutheleleka kaningi noma okuhlala isikhathi eside
• Unenkinga yokwakhiwa
• Ukusikeka okunenkinga esikhunjeni sakho
  
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba esibomvu ezingxenyeni zomzimba wakho
• Ukulinganisa noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ezinyaweni zakho

Kufanele ulawule kahle ushukela wegazi lakho. Uma ushukela wegazi lakho ungalawulwa, izinkinga ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuthi izinkinga zingenzeka emzimbeni wakho. Ezinye izinkinga zingenzeka ngokushesha futhi ezinye ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi.

Funda izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokuphatha isifo sikashukela ukuze uhlale uphilile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukwenza kanjalo kuzosiza ukugcina ithuba lokuba nezinkinga zesifo sikashukela liphansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinyathelo zifaka:

• Ukuhlola ushukela wegazi ekhaya
• Ukugcina ukudla okunempilo
• Ukusebenza ngokomzimba

Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uphuza noma imuphi umuthi noma i-insulin njengoba uyalelwe.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokusiza futhi ngoku-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokunye ukuhlolwa. Lokhu kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ushukela wegazi kanye namazinga akho e-cholesterol ngalinye lisendaweni efanele. Futhi, landela imiyalo yomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokugcina umfutho wegazi lakho kubanga eliphilile.

Udokotela wakho uzokucela ukuthi uvakashele abanye abahlinzeki ukukusiza ulawule isifo sakho sikashukela. Laba bahlinzeki bafaka:

• I-Dietitian
• Usokhemisi wesifo sikashukela
• Umfundisi wesifo sikashukela

Ukudla okunoshukela nama-carbohydrate kungakhuphula kakhulu ushukela wegazi lakho. Utshwala nezinye iziphuzo ezinoshukela nakho kungakhuphula ushukela egazini lakho. Umhlengikazi noma isazi sokudla angakufundisa ngokukhetha okuhle kokudla.

Qiniseka ukuthi uyazi ukuthi ungaba kanjani nokudla okulinganiselayo namaprotheni nefayibha. Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokusha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungadli ukudla okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina ushukela wegazi lakho usezingeni elihle.

Ukuphatha isisindo sakho nokugcina ukudla okunomsoco kubalulekile. Abanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili bangayeka ukuthatha imishanguzo ngemuva kokulahlekelwa isisindo (noma besanesifo sikashukela). Umhlinzeki wakho angakwazisa ububanzi obuhle besisindo sakho.

Ukuhlinzwa kwesisindo kungaba yinto ongayikhetha uma ukhuluphele futhi isifo sikashukela asilawulwa. Udokotela wakho angakutshela kabanzi ngalokhu.

Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kuhle kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Kwehlisa ushukela egazini. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba futhi:

• Ithuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi
• Yehlisa umfutho wegazi

Kuyasiza ukushisa amafutha amaningi ukuze ugcine isisindo sakho siphansi. Ukuzivocavoca kungakusiza ekubhekaneni nengcindezi futhi kuthuthukise imizwa yakho.

Zama ukuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukuhamba ngebhayisikili imizuzu engama-30 kuye kwengu-60 nsuku zonke. Khetha umsebenzi owuthandayo futhi okungenzeka ukuthi unamathele kuwo. Letha ukudla noma ijusi uma kwenzeka ushukela wegazi lakho wehla kakhulu. Phuza amanzi amaningi. Zama ukugwema ukuhlala ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30 nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esisodwa.

Gqoka isongo likamazisi likashukela. Uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, abantu bayazi ukuthi unesifo sikashukela futhi bangakusiza ekutholeni usizo olufanele lwezokwelapha.

Njalo hlola umhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokuqala uhlelo lokuzivocavoca. Umhlinzeki wakho angakusiza ukhethe uhlelo lokuzivocavoca oluphephile kuwe.

Ungacelwa ukuthi uhlole ushukela wegazi ekhaya. Lokhu kuzokutshela wena nomhlinzeki wakho ukuthi ukudla kwakho, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nemithi kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Umshini obizwa ngokuthi imitha ye-glucose unganikeza ukufundwa koshukela wegazi kusuka econsini nje legazi.

Udokotela, umhlengikazi, noma uthisha wesifo sikashukela uzokusiza ukusetha uhlelo lokuhlolwa kwasekhaya. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi usethe imigomo kashukela wakho wegazi.

• Abantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 badinga ukuhlola ushukela egazini kanye kuphela noma kabili ngosuku. Abanye abantu badinga ukuhlola kaningi.
• Uma ushukela wegazi lakho ulawula, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlole ushukela wegazi izikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela ngesonto.

Izizathu ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlola ushukela wegazi yilezi:

• Bheka ukuthi ngabe imithi yesifo sikashukela oyiphuzayo inengozi yokubanga ushukela wegazi ophansi (i-hypoglycemia).
• Sebenzisa inombolo kashukela egazini ukulungisa umthamo we-insulin noma omunye umuthi owuthathayo.
• Sebenzisa inombolo kashukela egazini ukukusiza wenze umsoco omuhle nokukhetha ukwenza umsebenzi ukulawula ushukela wegazi lakho.

Uma ukudla nokuzivocavoca kunganele, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe umuthi. Kuzosiza ukugcina ushukela wegazi lakho usebangeni eliphilile.

Kunemithi eminingi yesifo sikashukela esebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene ukusiza ukulawula ushukela wegazi lakho. Abantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 badinga ukuthatha imithi engaphezu kweyodwa ukulawula ushukela wegazi labo. Ungaphuza imithi ngomlomo noma njenge-shot (injection). Imithi ethile yesifo sikashukela kungenzeka ingaphephi uma ukhulelwe. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemithi yakho uma ucabanga ukukhulelwa.

Uma imithi ingakusizi ukulawula ushukela wegazi lakho, ungahle udinge ukuthatha i-insulin. I-insulin kufanele ijojowe ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Uzothola ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungazifaka kanjani imijovo. Iningi labantu lithola ukuthi imijovo ye-insulin ilula kakhulu kunalokho ebikucabanga.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banamathuba amaningi okuthola umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu. Ungacelwa ukuthi uthathe umuthi ukuvikela noma ukwelapha lezi zimo. Imithi ingafaka:

• I-ACE inhibitor noma omunye umuthi obizwa nge-ARB wesifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme noma izinkinga zezinso.
• Umuthi obizwa ngokuthi yi-statin ukugcina i-cholesterol yakho iphansi.
• I-aspirin yokugcina inhliziyo yakho iphilile.

Ungabhemi noma usebenzise i-e-cigarettes. Ukubhema kwenza isifo sikashukela sibe sibi kakhulu. Uma ubhema, sebenzisana nomhlinzeki wakho ukuthola indlela yokuyeka.

Isifo sikashukela singadala izinkinga ezinyaweni. Ungathola izilonda noma izifo. Ukugcina izinyawo zakho ziphilile:

• Hlola futhi unakekele izinyawo zakho nsuku zonke.
• Qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka uhlobo olufanele lwamasokisi nezicathulo. Bheka izicathulo zakho namasokisi akho nsuku zonke ukuthi awunazo yini izindawo ezigugile, ezingadala izilonda noma izilonda.

Uma unesifo sikashukela, kufanele ubone umhlinzeki wakho njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu, noma kaningi njengokuyalelwa. Kulokhu kuvakashelwa, umhlinzeki wakho anga:

• Buza ngezinga likashukela egazini lakho (njalo letha imitha yakho uma ubheka ushukela wegazi ekhaya)
• Hlola umfutho wegazi lakho
• Hlola umuzwa ezinyaweni zakho
• Hlola isikhumba namathambo ezinyawo zakho nasemilenzeni
• Hlola ngemuva kwamehlo akho

Umhlinzeki wakho uzophinde a-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi:

• Izinso zisebenza kahle (minyaka yonke)
• Izinga le-cholesterol ne-triglyceride liphilile (minyaka yonke)
• Izinga le-A1C lisendaweni enhle kuwe (njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha uma isifo sikashukela silawulwa kahle noma njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3 uma singekho)

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi yokugoma ongayidinga, njengokudutshulwa komkhuhlane waminyaka yonke kanye nesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B kanye nesifo se-pneumonia.

Vakashela udokotela wamazinyo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Futhi, bheka udokotela wamehlo wakho kanye ngonyaka, noma kaningi njengokuyalelwa.

Thayipha 2 sikashukela - ukuphatha

• Isongo lesaziso sezokwelapha
• Phatha ushukela wegazi lakho

I-American Diabetes Association. 5. Ukusiza Ukuguqulwa Kokuziphatha Nenhlala-kahle Ukuthuthukisa Imiphumela Yezempilo: Amazinga Wokunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha Kusifo Sikashukela-2020. Ukunakekelwa yisifo sikashukela. 2020; 43 (Suppl 1): S48-S65. I-PMID: 31862748 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862748/.

I-American Diabetes Association. 11. Izinkinga ze-Microvascular kanye nokunakekelwa kwezinyawo: Amazinga Wokunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha Esifo Sikashukela-2020. Ukunakekelwa yisifo sikashukela. 2020; 43 (Suppl 1): S135 – S151. I-PMID: 31862754 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862754/.

UBrownlee M, Aiello LP, uSun JK, et al. Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Ku: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaWilliams ye-Endocrinology. Umhlaka 14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 37.

Imfumbe MC, Ahmann AJ. Ukwelashwa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ku: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaWilliams ye-Endocrinology. Umhlaka 14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 35.

• Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela 2
• Isifo Sikashukela Ezinganeni Nasebusheni