Ama-Rickets

Ama-Rickets yisifo esidalwa ukuntuleka kukavithamini D, i-calcium, noma i-phosphate. Kuholela ekuthambekeni nasekunciphiseni kwamathambo.

U-Vitamin D usiza umzimba ukulawula amazinga e-calcium ne-phosphate. Uma amazinga egazi alawa amaminerali eba phansi kakhulu, umzimba ungakhiqiza ama-hormone abangela ukuthi kukhishwe i-calcium ne-phosphate emathanjeni. Lokhu kuholela emathanjeni abuthakathaka futhi athambile.

Uvithamini D umunca ekudleni noma ukhiqizwa yisikhumba lapho uvezwa yilanga. Ukuntuleka kokukhiqizwa kukavithamini D ngesikhumba kungenzeka kubantu:

• Phila ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuncane kwelanga
• Kumele uhlale endlini
• Sebenza endlini ngesikhathi semini

Ungahle ungatholi uvithamini D owanele ekudleni kwakho uma:

• Ngabe i-lactose ayibekezelelani (unenkinga yokugaya imikhiqizo yobisi)
• UNGAYIPHUZI imikhiqizo yobisi
• Landela ukudla okudla imifino kuphela

Izinsana ezinceliswa ibele kuphela zingakhula ukushoda kukavithamini D. Ubisi lwebele lomuntu alunikezeli inani elifanele likavithamini D. Lokhu kungaba yinkinga ethile ezinganeni ezinesikhumba esimnyama ezinyangeni zasebusika. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunamazinga aphansi elanga phakathi nalezi zinyanga.

Ukungatholi i-calcium ne-phosphorus eyanele ekudleni kwakho nakho kungaholela kuma-rickets. Ama-rickets abangelwa ukuntuleka kwalawa amaminerali ekudleni akuvamile emazweni athuthukile. I-calcium ne-phosphorus zitholakala obisini nasemifino eluhlaza.

Izakhi zakho zofuzo zingakhuphula ubungozi bama-rickets. Ama-rickets we-lefa uhlobo oluthile lwesifo oludluliselwa emindenini. Kwenzeka lapho izinso zingakwazi ukubambelela kwi-phosphate yamaminerali. Ama-rickets nawo angabangelwa yizinkinga zezinso ezibandakanya i-renal tubular acidosis.

Ukuphazamiseka okunciphisa ukugaya noma ukumuncwa kwamafutha kuzokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi uvithamini D angene emzimbeni.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ama-rickets kungenzeka ezinganeni ezinezinkinga zesibindi. Lezi zingane azikwazi ukuguqula i-vitamin D ibe yimo esebenzayo.

Ama-Rickets ayivelakancane e-United States. Kungenzeka kakhulu ezinganeni ngezikhathi zokukhula okusheshayo. Lesi yisikhathi lapho umzimba udinga amazinga aphezulu we-calcium ne-phosphate. Ama-Rickets angabonakala ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-6 kuya kwezingu-24 izinyanga. Akuvamile ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa.

Izimpawu zama-rickets zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu bamathambo noma ubumnene ezingalweni, emilenzeni, okhalweni nakumgogodla
• Ukwehla kwethoni yemisipha (ukulahleka kwamandla emisipha) nobuthakathaka obuba bucayi
• Ukukhubazeka kwamazinyo, kufaka phakathi ukubambezeleka kokwakhiwa kwamazinyo, ukukhubazeka ekwakhiweni kwamazinyo, izimbobo koqweqwe lwawo, nezimbobo ezandayo
• Ukukhula okungakhuli kahle
• Ukwanda kwamathambo
• Amajaqamba emisipha
• Isiqu esifushane (abantu abadala abangaphansi kwamamitha amahlanu noma amamitha ayi-1.52 ubude)
• Ukukhubazeka kwamathambo njenge-skull emise okwe-odd, ama-bowlegs, ama-bumps ku-ribcage (i-rachitic rosary), ithambo lesifuba eliqhutshelwa phambili (i-pigeon chest), ukukhubazeka kwe-pelvic, kanye nokukhubazeka komgogodla (umgogodla ojika ngokungajwayelekile, kufaka phakathi i-scoliosis noma i-kyphosis)

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kuveza ubumnene noma ubuhlungu emathanjeni, kepha hhayi emajoyintini noma emisipheni.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungasiza ukuxilonga ama-rickets:

• Imithambo yegazi yegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (i-serum calcium)
• I-Bone biopsy (akuvamile ukwenziwa)
• Amathambo ama-x-ray
• I-Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
• I-serum phosphorus

Ezinye izivivinyo nezinqubo zifaka okulandelayo:

• I-ALP isoenzyme
• I-calcium (ionized)
• I-Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• I-calcium yomchamo

Izinhloso zokwelashwa ukunciphisa izimpawu nokulungisa imbangela yalesi simo. Isizathu kufanele silashwe ukuvimbela ukuthi isifo singabuyi.

Ukufaka esikhundleni se-calcium, i-phosphorus, noma i-vitamin D entulekayo kuzoqeda izimpawu zerickets. Imithombo yokudla kavithamini D ifaka isibindi senhlanzi nobisi olusetshenzisiwe.

Ukuvezwa kokukhanya kwelanga okulingene kuyakhuthazwa. Uma ama-rickets ebangelwa inkinga ye-metabolic, incwadi kadokotela yamavithamini D ingadingeka.

Ukubeka isikhundla noma ukubopha ibhande kungasetshenziswa ukunciphisa noma ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka. Okunye ukukhubazeka kwamathambo kungadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe.

Lesi sifo singalungiswa ngokufaka esikhundleni uvithamini D namaminerali. Amanani welebhu nama-x-ray ngokuvamile ayathuthuka ngemuva kwesonto elilodwa. Amanye amacala angadinga imithamo emikhulu yamaminerali novithamini D.

Uma ama-rickets engalungiswa ngesikhathi ingane isakhula, ukukhubazeka kwamathambo nokuqina okufushane kungahlala unomphela. Uma ilungiswa ingane isencane, ukukhubazeka kwamathambo kuvame ukuthuthuka noma kunyamalale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu bamathambo besikhathi eside (esingapheli)
• Ukukhubazeka kwamathambo
• Ukuphuka kwamathambo, kungenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu

Shayela umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo yengane yakho uma ubona izimpawu zamarikethi.

Ungavimbela ama-rickets ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola i-calcium eyanele, i-phosphorus, ne-vitamin D eyanele ekudleni kwayo. Izingane ezinokugaya ukudla noma ezinye izinkinga zingadinga ukuthatha izithasiselo ezinikezwe ngumhlinzeki wengane.

Izifo zezinso (zezinso) ezingadala ukumuncwa okungavumelekile ku-vitamin D kufanele zilashwe ngokushesha. Uma unezinkinga zezinso, qapha amazinga e-calcium ne-phosphorus njalo.

Ukwelulekwa ngofuzo kungasiza abantu abanomlando womndeni wokuphazamiseka okuzuzwe njengefa okungadala ama-rickets.

I-Osteomalacia ezinganeni; Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin D; Ama-renal rickets; Ama-rickets we-hepatic

• I-X-ray

I-Bhan A, i-Rao AD, i-Bhadada SK, i-Rao SD. Ama-Rickets ne-osteomalacia. KuMelmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaWilliams ye-Endocrinology. Umhlaka 14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 31.

UDemay MB, uKrane SM. Ukuphazamiseka kwamaminerali. Ku: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, abahleli. I-Endocrinology: Eyabantu Abadala Neyengane. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 71.

IGreenbaum LA. Ukushoda kukavithamini D (ama-rickets) nokuningi ngokweqile. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 64.

I-Weinstein RS. Osteomalacia namarickets. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 231.