I-Hypothyroidism

I-Hypothyroidism yisimo lapho indlala yegilo ingenzi khona i-hormone yegilo eyanele. Lesi simo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-thyroid engasebenzi.

Indlala yegilo iyisitho esibalulekile sohlelo lwe-endocrine. Itholakala ngaphambili entanyeni, ngenhla nje lapho kuhlangana khona amathambo akho e-collar. Indlala yegilo yenza ama-hormone alawula indlela wonke amaseli emzimbeni asebenzisa ngayo amandla. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-metabolism.

I-Hypothyroidism ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane nakubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.

Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-hypothyroidism yi-thyroiditis. Ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kulimaza amaseli endlala yegilo.

Izimbangela zale nkinga zifaka:

• Amasosha omzimba ahlasela indlala yegilo
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane (umkhuhlane ovamile) noma ezinye izifo zokuphefumula
• Ukukhulelwa (okuvame ukubizwa nge-postpartum thyroiditis)

Ezinye izimbangela ze-hypothyroidism zifaka:

• Imithi ethile, efana ne-lithium ne-amiodarone, nezinye izinhlobo zamakhemikhali
• Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa (kokuzalwa)
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe entanyeni noma ebuchosheni ukwelapha umdlavuza ohlukile
• Iodine enemisebe esetshenziselwa ukwelapha indlala yegilo engasebenzi ngokweqile
• Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwengxenye noma yonke indlala yegilo
• ISheehan syndrome, isimo esingahle sivele kowesifazane opha kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha futhi kubangele ukubhujiswa kwendlala yamapayipi
• Isimila sesifuba noma ukuhlinzwa kwamathambo

Izimpawu zokuqala:

• Izitulo ezinzima noma ukuqunjelwa
• Ukuzizwa ubanda (ukugqoka ijezi lapho abanye begqoke isikibha)
• Ukukhathala noma umuzwa wehlisiwe
• Isikhathi sokuya esikhathini esinzima futhi esingajwayelekile
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene noma bemisipha
• Isikhumba noma isikhumba esomile
• Ukudabuka noma ukudangala
• Izinwele ezizacile, ezinamahlombe noma izinzipho
• Ubuthakathaka
• Ukuzuza kwesisindo

Izimpawu ezizayo, uma zingelashwa:

• Ukwehla kokunambitheka nephunga
• Ukungahambi kahle
• Ubuso obukhukhumele, izandla nezinyawo
• Inkulumo engasheshi
• Ukuqina kwesikhumba
• Ukuncipha kwamashiya
• Izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphansi
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuhamba kancane

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi angathola ukuthi indlala yakho yegilo ikhulisiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi, le ndlala iba usayizi ojwayelekile noma incane kunokujwayelekile. Ukuhlolwa kungabuye kuveze:

• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme we-diastolic (inombolo yesibili)
• Izinwele eziqhekekile
• Izici ezimangele zobuso
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile noma esomile, esingahle sipholile uma usithinta
• Izimo ezingajwayelekile (ukuphumula okubambezelekile)
• Ukuvuvukala kwezingalo nemilenze

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nakho kuyalwa ukukala ama-hormone akho e-thyroid i-TSH ne-T4.

Ungase futhi ube nokuhlolwa okuzobheka:

• Amazinga e-cholesterol
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Ama-enzyme wesibindi
• Iprolactin
• Sodium
• ICortisol

Ukwelashwa kuhlose ukufaka esikhundleni i-hormone yegilo oyintulayo.

I-Levothyroxine umuthi osetshenziswa kakhulu:

• Uzonikezwa umthamo ophansi kunayo yonke ongakhulula izimpawu zakho futhi ubuyisele amazinga akho e-hormone egazini abuyele kokujwayelekile.
• Uma unesifo senhliziyo noma umdala, umhlinzeki wakho angakuqala ngomthamo omncane kakhulu.
• Iningi labantu abane-thyroid engasebenzi kahle lizodinga ukuthatha lo muthi impilo yonke.
• I-Levothyroxine imvamisa iyiphilisi, kepha abanye abantu abane-hypothyroidism enamandla kakhulu badinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela nge-levothyroxine efakwa emthanjeni (enikezwa ngomthambo).

Lapho uqala wena kumuthi wakho, umhlinzeki wakho angahlola amazinga akho ama-hormone njalo ezinyangeni ezi-2 kuye kwezi-3. Ngemuva kwalokho, amazinga akho e-thyroid kufanele abhekwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka.

Uma uthatha umuthi we-thyroid, qaphela okulandelayo:

• Ungayeki ukuphuza umuthi, noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono. Qhubeka uyithathe njengoba nje umhlinzeki wakho ekuyalile.
• Uma ushintsha imikhiqizo yemithi yegilo, yazisa umhlinzeki wakho. Amazinga akho angadinga ukuthi ahlolwe.
• Okudlayo kungashintsha indlela umzimba wakho omunca ngayo imithi yegilo. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho uma udla imikhiqizo eminingi yesoya noma udla ukudla okunefibre ephezulu.
• Umuthi wendlala yegilo usebenza kahle esiswini esingenalutho nalapho uthathwe ihora eli-1 ngaphambi kwanoma imuphi omunye umuthi. Buza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi kufanele yini uphuze umuthi wakho ngesikhathi sokulala. Ukuyithatha ngesikhathi sokulala kungavumela umzimba wakho ukuthi umunce umuthi kangcono kunokuwuthatha ngesikhathi sasemini.
• Linda okungenani amahora amane ngemuva kokuthatha i-hormone yegilo ngaphambi kokuthatha izithako ze-fiber, i-calcium, i-iron, ama-multivitamin, i-aluminium hydroxide antacids, i-colestipol, noma imithi ebopha ama-bile acid.

Ngenkathi uthatha ukwelashwa kwe-thyroid esikhundleni, tshela umhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu eziphakamisa ukuthi umthamo wakho uphezulu kakhulu, njenge:

• Ukukhathazeka
• Ukushaya kancane
• Rapid kwesisindo
• Ukuphumula noma ukuqhaqhazela (ukuthuthumela)
• Ukujuluka

Ezimweni eziningi, izinga le-hormone yegilo liba yinto ejwayelekile ngokwelashwa okufanele. Ngokuqinisekile uzothatha umuthi wehomoni yegilo impilo yakho yonke.

Inkinga ye-Myxedema (ebizwa nangokuthi i-myxedema coma), ifomu elibi kakhulu le-hypothyroidism, ayivamile. Kwenzeka lapho amazinga e-hormone yegilo eba phansi kakhulu. Inkinga ebucayi ye-hypothyroid ibangelwa ukutheleleka, ukugula, ukuchayeka emakhazeni, noma imithi ethile (ama-opiates ayimbangela evamile) kubantu abane-hypothyroidism enamandla.

Inkinga ye-Myxedema yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha okufanele silashwe esibhedlela. Abanye abantu bangadinga umoya-mpilo, usizo lokuphefumula (umshini wokuphefumula), ukushintshwa kuketshezi, kanye nokunakekelwa kwabagula kakhulu.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-myxedema coma zifaka:

• Ngaphansi kokushisa komzimba okujwayelekile
• Ukwehla kokuphefumula
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi we-systolic
• Ushukela wegazi ophansi
• Ukungaphenduli
• Izimo ezingafanele noma ezingezona ezezinto ezihlukile

Abantu abane-hypothyroidism abangalashiwe basengozini enkulu yoku:

• Ukutheleleka
• Ukuzala, ukukhulelwa kwesisu, ukubeletha ingane enokukhubazeka kokuzalwa
• Isifo senhliziyo ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol ye-LDL (embi)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu ze-hypothyroidism.

Uma welashelwa i-hypothyroidism, shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Uba nobuhlungu besifuba noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Unesifo
• Izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu noma azithuthuki ngokwelashwa
• Uba nezimpawu ezintsha

I-Myxedema; I-hypothyroidism yabantu abadala; I-thyroid engasebenzi; I-goiter - i-hypothyroidism; I-thyroid - i-hypothyroidism; Indlala yegilo - hypothyroidism

• Ukususwa kwendlala yegilo - ukukhishwa

• Izindlala ze-Endocrine
• I-Hypothyroidism
• Isixhumanisi se-Brain-thyroid
• I-hypothyroidism eyinhloko neyesibili

IBrent GA, Weetman AP. I-Hypothyroidism ne-thyroiditis. Ku: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, abahleli.Incwadi kaWilliams ye-Endocrinology. Umhlaka 14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 13.

UGarber JR, uCobin RH, uGharib H, et al. Imihlahlandlela yokusebenza kwemitholampilo ye-hypothyroidism kubantu abadala: ixhaswe yi-American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists kanye ne-American Thyroid Association. Ukusebenza kwe-Endocr. 2012; 18 (6): 988-1028. I-PMID: 23246686 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23246686/.

UJonklaas J, uBianco AC, uBauer AJ, et al; I-American Thyroid Association Task Force ku-Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Imihlahlandlela yokwelashwa kwe-hypothyroidism: elungiselelwe yiqembu le-American Thyroid Association elibhekene nokushintshwa kwehomoni ye-thyroid. Indlala yegilo. 2014; 24 (12): 1670-1751. I-PMID: 25266247 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25266247/.