Isiteji somdlavuza wendlala yesinye

Ukufakwa kwesifo somdlavuza kuyindlela yokuchaza ukuthi ungakanani umdlavuza osemzimbeni wakho nokuthi utholakala kuphi emzimbeni wakho. Isiteji somdlavuza wendlala yesinye sisiza ukunquma ukuthi sikhulu kangakanani isimila sakho, ukuthi sisakazekile yini, nokuthi sisabalale kuphi.

Ukwazi isigaba somdlavuza wakho kusiza iqembu lakho lomdlavuza:

• Nquma indlela engcono yokwelapha umdlavuza
• Nquma ithuba lakho lokululama
• Thola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ongakwazi ukujoyina

Isiteji sokuqala sisuselwa kwimiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-PSA, ama-biopsies, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi isiteji somtholampilo.

PSA Kusho iphrotheni elenziwe yi-prostate elinganiswa ngokuhlolwa kwebhu.

• Izinga eliphakeme le-PSA lingabonisa umdlavuza osuthuthuke kakhulu.
• Odokotela bazobheka nokuthi amazinga e-PSA akhuphuke ngokushesha kangakanani kusuka ekuhlolweni kuya ekuhlolweni. Ukwanda okusheshayo kungakhombisa isimila esinolaka kakhulu.

I-prostate biopsy yenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela wakho. Imiphumela ingakhombisa:

• Kubandakanyeka kangakanani indlala yesinye.
• Isikolo seGleason. Inombolo esuka ku-2 kuye ku-10 ekhombisa ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza abukeka esondele kangakanani njengamaseli ajwayelekile lapho ebukwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Izikolo ezi-6 noma ngaphansi ziphakamisa ukuthi umdlavuza ukhula kancane futhi awunolaka. Izinombolo eziphakeme zikhombisa umdlavuza okhula ngokushesha osethubeni lokusabalala.

Ukulingwa kokuhlolwa okunjenge-CT scan, i-MRI, noma ukuskena kwethambo nakho kungenziwa.

Usebenzisa imiphumela evela kulezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho angakutshela isigaba sakho somtholampilo. Ngezinye izikhathi, lolu lwazi olwanele ukwenza izinqumo mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho.

Isiteji sokuhlinzwa (isiteji se-pathological) sisekelwe kulokho udokotela wakho akutholayo uma uhlinzwa ukuze ususe indlala futhi mhlawumbe namanye ama-lymph node. Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu kwenziwa ezicutshini ezisusiwe.

Lesi sigaba sisiza ukunquma ukuthi ikuphi okunye ukwelashwa ongakudinga. Kuyasiza nokubikezela ukuthi yini ongayilindela ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa.

Ukuphakama kwesiteji, umdlavuza uqhubekela phambili.

Umdlavuza wesigaba I. Umdlavuza utholakala engxenyeni eyodwa kuphela yendlala yesinye. Isiteji I ibizwa ngokuthi yi-localised cancer prostate. Ayikwazi ukuzwakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamakholomu edijithali noma ukubonwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-imaging. Uma i-PSA ingaphansi kwengu-10 futhi isibalo seGleason singu-6 noma ngaphansi, umdlavuza weSigaba I kungenzeka ukhule kancane.

Umdlavuza weSigaba II. Umdlavuza udlulele kakhulu kunasesigabeni I. Awusabalalisanga ngalé kwendlala futhi usabizwa ngokuthi owasendaweni. Amaseli awajwayelekile kakhulu kunamaseli asesigabeni I, futhi angakhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza wesigaba sesibili wendlala yesinye:

• Isigaba IIA sitholakala kakhulu ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-prostate.
• Isigaba IIB singatholakala ezinhlangothini zombili ze-prostate.

Umdlavuza weSigaba III. Umdlavuza usabalale ngaphandle kwendlala yabesilisa kwangena izicubu zendawo. Kungenzeka ukuthi yasakazekela kuma-vesicles wesilisa. Lezi yizindlala ezakha isidoda. Isigaba III sibizwa ngomdlavuza wendlala wesibeletho osezingeni eliphezulu.

Umdlavuza weSigaba IV. Umdlavuza ususabalele nasezindaweni ezikude zomzimba. Kungaba kuma-lymph node noma amathambo aseduzane, imvamisa yokhalo noma umgogodla. Ezinye izitho ezifana nesinye, isibindi noma amaphaphu zingabandakanyeka.

Ukulinganisa kanye nenani le-PSA kanye nesilinganiso se-Gleason kukusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi nithathe isinqumo sokwelapha okungcono kakhulu, nicabangela:

• Iminyaka yakho
• Impilo yakho iyonke
• Izimpawu zakho (uma unazo)
• Imizwa yakho ngemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa
• Ithuba lokuthi ukwelashwa kungelapha umdlavuza wakho noma likusize nangezinye izindlela

Ngomdlavuza wendlala yesigaba I, II, noma III, inhloso enkulu ukwelapha umdlavuza ngokuwelapha nokuwugcina ungabuyi. Ngesigaba IV, inhloso ukuthuthukisa izimpawu nokwelula impilo. Ezimweni eziningi, umdlavuza wesibeletho wesigaba IV awulapheki.

ILoeb S, i-Eastham JA. Ukuxilongwa nokufakwa kwesifo somdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa. Ku: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA, ama-eds. ICampbell-Walsh Urology. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 111.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-Prostate (PDQ) - inguqulo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-screening-pdq. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 2, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Agasti 24, 2019.

Reese AC. Ukuboniswa komdlavuza wesibeletho nokwelashwa kwezifo. UMydlo JH, uGodec CJ, ama-eds. Umdlavuza Wendlala Yesinye. Okwesibili. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 39.

• Umdlavuza Wendlala Yesinye